The Ge kiln has opening pieces, and the Guan kiln also has opening pieces.
The Ge kiln has purple-mouthed iron feet, and the Guan kiln also has purple-mouthed iron feet.
So in this history, are Guan Kiln and Ge Kiln the same thing?
There is a belief that this is indeed the case, because in the pronunciation of Wu dialect in the south, northerners sound like Guan Ge.
Therefore, some people think that it is a kind of porcelain in itself, and it is the official kiln of the Song Dynasty.
Because of slight differences, they were artificially divided into two kiln entrances, Guan Ge.
There is also a second question, that is, some scholars believe that the Ge Kiln was not created and burned in the Song Dynasty, but in the Yuan Dynasty, and it was just imitated by officials of the Song Dynasty.
In other words, he believed that the Ge Kiln was something people in the Yuan Dynasty imitated from the Song Dynasty.
Because the records of Ge Kiln date back to the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties.
Kong Qi's "Jingzhai Zhizheng Ji" at the end of the Yuan Dynasty: When Yi Weidong was in Hangzhou, the city's brother cave kiln wares were found. Although the tripod was fine and new, its color was as shiny as the old one. Those who knew it were worried and doubtful, so they went to Jingxi. Wang Deweng also said, recently, the Gege kiln is very similar to the ancient official kiln, so we must distinguish it carefully.
What does he mean? Yiweidong refers to 1355, the 15th year of Yuan Zhizheng.
When he was in Hangzhou, he bought such an incense tripod in the market.
It belongs to Ge Ge Dong Cao. It was not called Ge Kiln at that time, but just two words, Ge Ge Dong Cao.
It is said that although this incense tripod is of fine quality and new, its color is as bright and smooth as the old one.
That is to say, it looks new to you, but it still feels like an old one.
People who saw it were confused and confused.
So when you meet an old man named Wang Deweng, what does he say?
He said: "Recently, the products fired in my brother's kiln look like ancient official kilns. You must distinguish carefully and take a good look.
So this information tells us that he believed that Ge Kiln was an imitation that appeared in the late Yuan Dynasty.
Of course, there is a reason why Ge Kiln is now regarded as a famous kiln in the Song Dynasty.
There are several reasons. The first one is the shape.
The Ge kiln we saw is not much different from the official kiln in shape.
I haven't seen a very special Ge Kiln that exceeds the limitations of history.
For example, it is a modeling feature of the Yuan Dynasty, but it is a Ge kiln and has not been encountered.
The Ge kilns I encountered all had the same shape as those of the Song Dynasty.
The second point is the glaze color. The glaze color does not conform to the aesthetics of the Yuan people.
The glaze colors of the porcelain from the Ge Kiln and the Guan Kiln all do not conform to the Yuan people’s aesthetics.
Besides, the background is also different. People in the Yuan Dynasty did not like to use celadon, and people in the Yuan Dynasty preferred white to blue.
People of the Yuan Dynasty liked the feeling of galloping thousands of miles with an iron horse and a golden sword.
He did not like the Song Dynasty people's feeling of small bridges and running water, so judging from this large social background, it was impossible for the Yuan Dynasty to copy the official kilns of the Song Dynasty.
Therefore, the possibility that the Ge kiln is an imitation of the official kiln is very small.
Hundreds of years have passed since then. Can we still find traces of Ge Kiln porcelain in the collection market?
If so, how true or false are they?
The existence of Ge Kiln is still relatively large.
Because there were imitations and firings in the early Ming Dynasty, which was the Xuande period.
Especially during the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods, a large number of firings began again.
Therefore, the Ge kilns we encounter now are mostly imitations from the Qing Dynasty.
Therefore, the identification of Ge Kiln porcelain is still very important. First of all, the Ge Kiln porcelain must have the well-known "golden wires and iron wires" and "purple mouth and iron feet."
The former is the distinctive crack of Ge kiln. The large lines are "iron lines", and some are blue.
The small patterns within the large patterns are "golden threads", and some may not necessarily appear golden.
The combination of large and small lines is called "face junk break", which should be dense but not sparse, curved but not straight;
The latter is the more special fetal color revealed by Ge Kiln, but the two are often like fish and bear's paw, and you can't have both.
The porcelain body is fully glazed and has a "purple mouth" but no iron feet.
The iron foot should be the unglazed color of the fetus itself.
The iron feet are a kind of black glaze artificially applied, and their authenticity is questionable, which is contrary to the "the feet are all iron-colored" recorded in the "Sequel to the Seventh Revised Class Draft".
Then there is the glaze color. Ge Kiln belongs to the celadon series, and the glaze color is green glaze, with different shades.
The glaze colors of Ge kiln include pink blue, moon white, putty, green and yellow and other colors.
Due to kiln changes, glaze colors often show two or more colors, which are not caused by human subjective will.
There are two kinds of tire quality: porcelain tire and sand tire, with few patterns and no year mark.
Fetal colors include black gray, dark gray, apricot yellow, light gray, etc.
The glaze is not smooth, but there is a layer of light like butter.
The glaze is darker, turbid and opaque, and the thickness of the glaze layer is uneven. For vessels dipped in glaze and fired vertically, the glaze on the bottom foot is the thickest, some up to 4 mm.
The firing method is to bake with foot-wrapped pins or with round feet and padded cakes. In the latter case, the traces of firing of the round cakes can be clearly seen.
Then look at the feet. The feet of Ge Kiln are also quite special.
The bottom edge of the foot is narrow and flat, not wide or concave. The inner wall of the foot is deep and long, and the outer wall of the foot is shallow and short, making it difficult to lift it with fingers.
The next step is the most important and the most special feature of Ge Kiln, gathering beads and balls!
This is the most important, most wonderful, most praiseworthy, and most overlooked feature of Ge Kiln, which is the so-called "Cutting beads and gathering balls", also called "Cutting beads and gathering beads".
Sun Yingzhou, an ancestor in the ceramics industry, has already said this in his article "Identification of Porcelain of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties".
"Like an official, the glaze bubbles are as dense as pearls... These are features that are difficult to imitate and can be used as a clue to distinguish the era."
Obviously, "Zuanzhu" refers to the fact that in Ge kiln wares, the bubbles in the glaze are as fine as small water droplets, covering the inner and outer walls or the inner and outer bodies of the wares.
】
But Sun Lao said it more generally. In fact, the bubbles in the glaze of the real Ge kiln are not just "beads", but also appear to be "globules" that are slightly larger than "beads".
The ball is larger than the bead, which means that there are two kinds of bubbles of different sizes in Ge Kiln.
Their arrangement is not scattered, but rather neatly arranged together.
The number of bubbles in the ball-gathering type is much smaller than that in beads.
They are generally arranged in a circle on the inner wall of the utensil, like a very thick ring.
"Collect beads and gather balls" is an indispensable and important basis for distinguishing true and false Ge kilns.
The most famous piece of porcelain of this grade is probably a damaged plate.
On July 4, 2011, the Ancient Ceramics Testing and Research Laboratory of the Palace Museum discovered that the cultural relic was damaged during a non-destructive analysis test on a celadon-glazed sunflower-shaped plate from the Ge Kiln of the Song Dynasty.
After the accident, the Palace Museum established an accident investigation team to thoroughly investigate the cause of the accident.
After repeated simulation tests and multiple expert demonstrations, a preliminary conclusion was reached ten days ago.
It was determined that the main cause of the accident was due to an operational error by laboratory researchers, which caused the sample stage to rise too far, causing the celadon-glazed sunflower mouth plate, a national first-class cultural relic, to be squeezed and damaged.
A damaged celadon-glazed sunflower-petal plate from Ge Kiln in the Song Dynasty, in the shape of a six-petal sunflower.
It is covered with blue-gray glaze, with fine fragments on the glaze, and the exposed areas of the rim are dark brown.
This plate is elegant and generous in shape;
The lines are rich in changes, making it a representative work of Ge Kiln in the Song Dynasty.