From the excavation and restoration of the "Bronze Teeth Carriage", we can see the luxurious life of high-level nobles at the level of Dukes and Marquises of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
When they use this car, people should stand on the car.
Judging from the thickness of the bronze wheel teeth, it should not be a car that is often used for long distances.
The identity of the user should at least belong to the prince level.
Modern archaeological discoveries show that the physical vehicles previously excavated in my country belong to the late Shang Dynasty, and the largest number have been found at the Yinxu site in Anyang, Nanhe today.
The cars of the Shang Dynasty were single-column cars. The cars of the Pre-Qin Dynasty were often exquisitely decorated. They were usually painted with a layer of paint on the outside and painted with patterns. Some were inlaid with clam slices, copper sheets and other decorations, and special parts were also decorated with
There are bronze components.
These components are either designed for practicality or for their beauty, and they are often cast with patterns.
Large-scale wars in the pre-Qin period were mostly based on chariot battles, and the main force of the army was chariot soldiers.
At that time, the production of cars was very complex and sophisticated, and they were undoubtedly valuable items that could not be owned by most people.
In the Shang Dynasty, only large and medium-sized tombs could include chariots and horses. These tombs included Shang kings, Fang kings and other higher middle-level nobles.
This shows that the owners of cars at that time were limited to the middle class and above the aristocratic class.
In the Zhou Dynasty, especially the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, in addition to the large and medium-sized tombs with chariots and horses, some slightly larger small tombs were also buried with chariots and horses.
Aristocrat.
When high-ranking nobles in the Western Zhou Dynasty used cars, they would usually choose horses with the same coat color to show the identity and status of the car owner.
In this bronze wheel-toothed carriage, the height of the horse is at least 14 to 15 meters.
People in the Zhou Dynasty paid great attention to the uniform color of horses, and this pursuit continued until the Han Dynasty.
For example, when the Han Dynasty was first established, Liu Bang once lamented: The emperor cannot have four horses with the same coat color.
That is to say, the emperor's carriage cannot be equipped with four horses of the same coat color. The princes and generals may not even be able to ride a carriage and can only use an ox cart.
This shows that the emperor is pursuing "Jun Si", that is, the horses pulling the cart must have the same coat color.
This bronze carriage should be regarded as the "first luxury carriage" in the Western Zhou Dynasty, right?
But who is his master? I don’t know for a while.
But judging from the decoration and specifications of the vehicle, it must have been the vehicle of a high-ranking nobleman during the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Continuing to scroll down the album, the second photo shows another ruins, which is a pottery making ruins.
This ruins is obviously very large, because from the photo, you can actually see the inside of an incomplete ancient city wall.
Along the city's northwest-southeast direction, the site is divided into three areas from west to east: living area, workshop area and firing area. It is large in scale and covers an area of tens of thousands of square meters.
Judging from the excavations, it is likely that this is an official pottery making site.
Because there are also finished product areas and scrap areas nearby.
This large-scale pottery making site is at least 2,000 years old.
Perhaps due to its remote location, the entire site is quite well preserved.
In the firing area, three large kilns are buried deep underground, with the deepest kiln cave being more than 3 meters deep.
"This ancient city has disappeared now. During the war, some people robbed it and destroyed it. Now the ancient city wall is completely invisible."
The signboard behind is an ancient city wall.
The walls of this ancient city are all made of rammed earth.
Judging from some well-preserved city walls, the height is generally about 10 meters, and the highest can reach 16 meters. The base width of the city wall is 40-60 meters, and the top width is 25 meters.
If such a city wall were preserved to this day, it would be a miracle, right?
In particular, there are several horse-faced buildings on the outside of one city wall. This should be the earliest new city wall defense facility in my country.
It is a pity that such a magnificent ancient building has not been preserved until now.
Of course, none of these are actually important. The most important thing is the bronzes with inscriptions.
Even if there is no inscription, as long as the bronze remains, it will be extremely valuable.
Chen Wenzhe looked at the lobby of this bungalow and saw that the stall owner's ancestors were really noisy.
They must have discovered an ancient tomb group, otherwise it would have been absolutely impossible to collect so many bronzes.
Looking through the photos, Chen Wenzhe discovered that they were really lucky to have found a bronze storage pit.
The most fortunate thing is that three batches of this bronze ware hoard have been discovered, all located in the DC area of the ancient city.
There are quite a lot of bronzes collected in these cellars. In the first place, many pits of bronze ritual instruments and horse sacrifice pits were discovered, and more than 60 bronze ritual instruments were unearthed.
The second batch was located in the central and southern part of the east city of the ancient city. A total of 6 pits of bronze ritual instruments and 56 pits of horse sacrifices were excavated, and 57 bronze ritual instruments were unearthed.
The third batch was located in the southwest of the east city of the ancient city, and 10 pits of bronze ritual instruments and more than 20 pits of horse victims were discovered.
255 heavy bronze vessels from the Western Zhou Dynasty were unearthed, including 4 pits of bronze ritual vessels, and 111 dings, gui, kei, mirrors, pots, beans, etc.;
There were 6 bronze musical instrument pits, and 18 sets of 144 chimes were unearthed, along with 6 sets of bamboo shoots on wooden frames for hanging chimes and 4 pottery xuns for wind instruments.
Chen Wenzhe was really afraid that he would not be able to afford so many bronze ware, mainly sets of bronze ware, which were too many.
Here, tripods, gui, pots, and beans are all considered common types of utensils.
Chen Wenzhe has seen the least number of jade paintings, and there are quite a few of them!
However, these bronze scrolls do not look like those from the Western Zhou Dynasty, but they have the style of Warring States bronze scrolls.
If it is really a bronze mirror from the Warring States Period, it means that they really dug up a large area of ancient tombs of ancient princes.
Moreover, it is a group of ancient royal tombs that have been inherited in an orderly manner, perhaps from a large family.
After finding a bronze medallion with a relatively clear photo, Chen Wenzhe looked at it carefully.
Jian, a water container, was popular in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
At first, the mirrors were made of pottery, that is, pottery basins. Bronze mirrors appeared in the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. They were most popular in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. They were still cast in the Western Han Dynasty.
This is a bronze mirror from the Warring States Period. This bronze mirror has a straight mouth, flat folded rim, bulging belly, and flat bottom.
There are two thick ring-shaped ears under the rim of the mouth, and the ears are decorated with wide animal faces and three short and thick animal-faced feet.
The mouth edge is decorated with cloud and thunder patterns; the lower belly is decorated with a circle of striations, and near the bottom is decorated with a circle of cicada's tail patterns.
This is a set of four bronze scrolls from the Warring States Period. The casting process of the bronze scrolls is regular, the patterns are fine, and the casting and joining techniques are advanced. It represents the highest level of ancient casting technology.
The main reason is that this thing should also be a luxury item in the tombs of ancient princes.
This is mainly because of the role of bronze mirrors, which generally have three functions.
First, water is used as a mirror. The so-called "taking people as a mirror" and "taking history as a mirror" are extensions of its functional role.
The second is to hold ice. "Zhou Li·Tian Guan·Ling Ren Zhong" contains: "Spring Shi Zhi Jian", the note explains: "To hold ice, put food in it to keep out the warm air."
It can be seen that the function is the same as that of later refrigerators. The most famous one is the Bingjian of Marquis Zeng, and others include the Bronze Jian of King Wu Fuchai, etc.