What has attracted the most attention from academic circles is the discovery of a cache of Western Zhou bronze wares in West Shaanmei County in January 2003.
The kiln was built as a vertical shaft with horizontal caves, and 27 bronze vessels such as tripods, kettles, pots, cups, plates, bowls, and bowls were unearthed.
The shapes of the vessels are all in the style of the late Western Zhou Dynasty, and the patterns are mainly ring bands, hanging rings, curved patterns and various Kui dragon patterns.
The most important thing is the inscription on the bronzes. 27 pieces have inscriptions, among which the inscription on the Qi plate is the longest, with 372 words.
This bronze plate records the history of the Shan family from the great ancestor Shan Gong to the eighth generation.
The tripod inscriptions in the forty-two and forty-three years describe the Shan family's deeds in assisting King Zuo Wen, King Wu in reviving the Zhou Dynasty and destroying the Zhou Dynasty, in the Northern Expedition against the Rong and Di, in collecting scorpions, in managing Yu Lin, and in receiving titles for their merits.
Basically, the eight generations of the Shan family correspond to the lineage of the eleven generations and twelve kings of the Zhou family.
This confirms that the lineage of the kings of the Western Zhou Dynasty recorded in "Historical Records" is correct, and also confirms that the Western Zhou Dynasty is closest to that recorded in the ancient "Bamboo Book Chronicles".
This is the most important archaeological discovery of the Western Zhou Dynasty since the 20th century, and has great academic value for the study of the chronology of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
The above three examples illustrate that the method of burying remains in cellars is simple.
After carefully sorting out the places in the country where there might be cellars, Chen Wenzhe discovered that there are quite a few such places.
What Chen Wenzhe saw was exactly that kind of toad drop. If the first one was an antique from the Han Dynasty.
At the same time, Toad has no intention of winning the title of Toad Palace, which is in line with the demands of ancient literati.
The ancestors regarded the frog as a symbol of young children, and painted murals or made the utensils used in daily life into the shape of the frog, expressing the ancestors' good and bad wishes against the decline of the race.
Dadong Street does not yet have large jade objects such as vases, boxes, and bowls, as well as carved jade toads, lions, Taoist figures riding on animals, etc.
Especially in Sichuan Province, there are more cellars in the Song Dynasty, and the distribution is very featureless.
Particular mention is made here of Toad Drops and Turtle Drops.
For example, Jiange is the most typical place. It was Jianzhou in the Tang Dynasty and Longqing Mansion in the Song Dynasty. In recent years, eight Song Dynasty cellars have been discovered in Jiange.
According to the distribution characteristics, this group of tomb robbers will dig out a bunch of treasures in the cave at one time.
The ancients used water droplets to grind ink when they got up in the morning, and the juice filled the inkstone for the day's use. When the ink was exhausted, they had to grind it again, so there was no water bowl.
Although the relics in the cellar are dated, their form and style all belong to the Song Dynasty.
Apart from its own dating, it is difficult to determine the age of its burial.
When adding water to the inkstone, hold the inkstone in your hand and hold the water filling port with one finger.
Compared with the water bowl, the inkstone is more interesting. It is not only practical, but also suitable for the study.
It is easy to fill with water, and plugging the hole will stop the water. Chen Wenzhe is the latest collection of Sicheng series. When I think back to that time, I also discovered a fellow bad guy.
But Chen Wenzhe discovered a very interesting thing among them, which was a Song Dynasty Longquan celadon toad inkstone.
The cellar contains porcelain, bronze, jade, iron, pottery, etc.
But it can often provide very important historical information, so it is of great research value for Chen Wenzhe, who is very curious.
The shape of water droplets is very ancient. Toad drops and turtle drops have a long history.
The ingenious thing about the inkstone is that it does not have two orifices - a water outlet and a water injection port. The water injection port cannot control the water flow.
It's not because we know that every temple does not have an underground palace, and we know what the specifications are outside here.
The success of these criminal archaeological investigations is just because we were one step ahead and were caught first by our descendants.
This article is the earliest documented record about inkstone drops, and the classic status of toad drops among inkstone drops has long been established.
In ancient times, copper was used, and in previous generations, porcelain was used. In the Ming Dynasty, there were no crouching dragons, and treasures were in the shape of elephants. Any plant-shaped object that holds a small amount of water is called a drop, and it is called a cup.
Therefore, the inkstone has a large capacity and is usually designed without separate water withdrawal holes and water outlets.
In addition to the seven common pens, inks, paper and inkstones, there are also pen holders, pen holders, rulers, seals, printing boxes, etc.
They are located in Bailong Town in the southeast of the county, Liangshan, Qilian Town, and Zhengxing Township in the southwest of the county, Hanyang Town in the north of the county, Wolong Mountain in the northern suburbs of the county, Heming Mountain in the southern suburbs, and Dadong Street in the county.
The cultural relic of the Han Dynasty is also one of them, and its name is a toad-shaped bronze inkstone.
The Hemingshan and Wolongshan cellars discovered in 1962 and the Dadong Street cellar discovered in 1988, in addition to porcelain, also contained a few pieces of bronze.
That was the state that ancient literati wanted to achieve. When we mention literati, we have to mention the tools in the study room.
Among them, the emergence of toad drops can be traced back to the Han Dynasty.
The chest contains ink and ink as deep as the valley, and the belly has no poetry and calligraphy.
It starts with the frog-shaped worship of the ancients. Frogs are oviparous animals that can lay eggs at a time.
The cellar can also be regarded as a kind of underground palace, but it is more than a large-scale store.
For example, with the group of tomb robbers who later specialized in excavating the underground palaces of remaining temples, we also discovered the code of wealth.
It also came from a cellar, and the large cellar was full of toad inkstone drops.
There are very few things outside, but they belong to Chen Wenzhe.
Liu Kezhuang of the Song Dynasty once wrote in his poem "Toad Inkstone Drops" that "the vase is as big as the vase and the inkstones are small. The trickle of water contained in it depends on the remaining waves in the past life." What he describes is not that kind of inkstone drop.
Inkstone drops, also known as water drops and book drops, are a great item in the study room where water is dripped to fill the inkstone pool.
Where are the scientific principles contained in such inkstones reflected?
Why did the ancients place toads outside elegant study rooms?
The emergence of inkstone droplets originated from water bowls. Zhao Xihu's "Dongtian Qinglu" of the Song Dynasty contains seven "discrimination of water droplets".
The water bowl is a container that stores water for grinding ink. When the water bowl is added to the outside of the inkstone, it is difficult for the water to flow too much, so there is no invention of the inkstone.
Based on the "siphon principle", repeated re-opening of finger pressure can control the amount of water flowing out, which may cause too little water to be poured out due to shaking of the hand, ruining an inkstone.
Liu Xin's "Miscellaneous Notes of Xijing" of the Western Han Dynasty records: Jin Linggong's tomb... only contains a jade toad, as small as a fist, with an empty belly, can hold seven volumes of water, and is as smooth as new. The king took it as a book.
The "Xiangsheng" shape of the inkstone is a long-standing tradition.
If you dig like that and you cannot lose everything, you will naturally not gain anything every time.
The storage locations are from Hanyang Town in the north, through the county town (Puan Town) in the middle, and to Liangshan in the southwest, Qilian, all under the ancient post road.
There is no record in the fourth "Speaking of Miscellaneous Utensils" of Xu Zhiheng's "Yin Liu Zhai Shuo Porcelain" in the Republic of China.
Let’s talk about the Jiange area. Among them, the Qilian cellar discovered in 1997 was all porcelain, with a small amount of Yingqing porcelain;
Inkstone drops are tools used together with ink and inkstones. When you grind ink, you need to drop a certain amount of clean water into the inkstone. Inkstone drops do not fulfill that function.
In addition, there are some bottles, cauldrons, incense burners, furnaces, candlesticks, etc., which are probably offerings.
The toad-shaped bronze inkstone not only has a certain symbolic meaning, but also contains scientific principles.
The most obvious feature of the Niles is that as long as you know this and add some estimation information and experience, it is not difficult to find some caches.