Chapter 1824: Repair and copy, reinforce and make old
After the color is applied, the color also needs to be processed.
There are roughly three ways to apply color.
One is to use 400-grit fine water sandpaper and rub it with water;
Another method is to dip a cotton ball in alcohol and squeeze out the alcohol with your hands.
As long as the cotton ball is wet, rub it gently on the removed skin color;
Another method is to mix fine mud with clean water, dip an old cloth in the mud and rub it on the surface, rinse the mud with clean water, and use a nylon brush to rub it to make it shiny after drying.
No matter which method you use, the force should be moderate and not strong.
After the color is applied, it is aged, and finally it needs to be rusted.
This is a traditional way of making things old, but there are several ways.
The most commonly used method should be the "spotting method" to make rust spots.
That shows that there were no examples of imitation or forgery in the Song Dynasty.
Sometimes it will also involve rust removal, waxing (surface sealing) and other work.
Mix the fine soil prepared in advance with water to form a lake shape.
Bronze restoration and reproduction techniques are among the traditional techniques of the Palace Museum and one of the national intangible cultural heritages.
Whether it is splicing fragments, or carving patterns or inscriptions.
Specifically, the traditional method can be used, including wrapping rubber powder in a plastic bag.
It was also under that bronze that I saw the top-notch restoration techniques, but of course, the techniques had not been replicated.
Dip a toothbrush into the prepared mud and use a small blade to stir the toothbrush so that the mud covers the elastic skin.
For example, during plastic surgery, when a bronze vessel is deformed as a whole, it cannot be repaired using the same tooling and fixtures based on the degree of deformation and the same parts.
Referring to the shedding condition of the original rust layer, the mud is made into irregular shapes such as flakes or dots.
When draining the powder, hold the glue powder bag in your hand, and squeeze the glue powder along the pre-drawn pattern lines like squeezing out toothpaste, and squeeze it out from the top of the powder. This is similar to the method of making flowers on the surface of a cream cake.
After the mud is dried, according to the color of the rust on the original surface, for powdery rust, mainly use sand green, a little ultramarine and white, add fine quartz sand, the patent leather juice should be slightly thicker, and use the same method to pluck it up.
It should be said that since the advent of bronze ware, there has been no corresponding repair technology.
Add a little varnish to mix, and add some pigment according to the color of the drain line.
No matter what method is used, it all depends on the stress changes and endurance of the cultural relics.
The pieces of mud that have been pulled up and the mud spots have fallen off, revealing the finished underlying skin color.
The replenishment methods cannot be roughly divided into two categories.
The art of repairing and replicating bronze ware is really more complicated than making a single bronze ware.
It is still a complicated repair, and there must be no defects, so it must be returned for replacement.
Therefore, objects with slight deformation can only be sawed and welded together to achieve the ultimate goal of shaping.
Extrude the glue powder and stick it to the surface of the copperware to form straight, curved or convex lines to form a pattern.
Over the past decades, our experts have repaired and copied thousands of various bronze cultural relics.
Traditional bronze repair technology mainly includes shaping, splicing, patching, bonding (welding), reinforcement, distressing and other processes.
For example, the "Yu Ding" collected by Xiaohai Museum, the original inscription under the tripod has been concluded decades later.
In particular, methods such as support, top pressure, prying, and twisting are used to correct regression.
Another kind of replenishment method is based on the casting process of copperware. Both methods can be selected and used according to the specific situation. They are not recorded in the "Badai Jijin Wencun" and "Zhensongtangji Ancient Relics" after liberation.
A "pink tip" is tied to the pricked hole and made of copper or iron into a tip shaped like a writing brush cap. The aperture of the tip should be determined according to the width and width of the line.
The glue powder is prepared according to the ratio of glue, soil powder and Taibai 1:1.06:1.06.
Apart from that method, there is no seventh method, which is not eucalyptus powder.
That time Chen Wenzhe saw this restored bronze mirror, which was also the purpose of my trip there.
Small bronze cultural relics are all cast. Before experiencing long-term corrosion, their ductility and elasticity will not necessarily decrease.
Those experts also include descendants of the Beijing School who have been engaged in the restoration and reproduction of bronzes for a long time.
Another point is that after repair, you must pay attention to retaining the attachments under the copperware.
The contents of "Han Feizi" can prove that there was no theory of forgery of bronzes during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
For the same vessel shape and degree of damage, the welding methods and welding processes used are exactly the same.
The development of casting reproduction and other processes is not closely related to repair technology.
Another example is the original collection of Xiaohai Museum, which was restored 40 years ago and has changed its rust color.
During the restoration in recent years, inscriptions were discovered on the rust-colored original covering, which played an important role in supplementing the history.
After removing the granular rust, scatter some red, black, and blue stains.
Because the craftsmanship of making bronze vessels is something he only needs to get back during the repair, and some repair craftsmanship needs to be added to it.
One type is a manufacturing process similar to that of punched copperware, which is used in supplementary applications;
Especially based on experience and understanding of the performance of cultural relics, we make adjustments based on our capabilities.
If the "base" is carefully polished and calendered, the effect will be more realistic.
In the Song Dynasty, there was no such thing as "introducing new Song utensils": "Imitate them in order to respect the ancients, and forge them in order to make profit."
The repair technology of bronze ware in your country has a long history.
Whether it's making a paint-leather floor of various colors, or spraying or rusting it.
"Qi attacked Lu Suo and slandered Ding, Lu used it to fake it, Qi people are still fake, and Lu people are really real...
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were no stories of fake tripods.
Some utensils, such as Qin bronze chariots, shafts, doors, etc., need to be made with convex patterns, and convex lines should be made when copying.
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Sometimes they have to be used interchangeably, but they must be contrary to the principle of repairing them as they were and trying to keep the original items as good as possible.
Replication technology includes processes such as making molds, casting, engraving patterns, polishing and aging.
Bronze restoration and reproduction techniques are a rigorous and scientific process.
Before rust removal, 2-3 characters appeared on each of the seven lines, totaling 14 characters, which overturned the previous explanations of the archaeological community.
After the color layer is dry, use a soft leather brush dipped in water to scrub gently to remove the mud.
Restoring an artifact is something you can do blindly. If you have to do too much detail, you may not discover anything new during the repair.
Small areas without mud spots or mud flakes are left with rust spots, which become convex and concave, small and large, etc., with different colors of rust spots (powder rust).
With the development of those handicraft techniques and the need for antique appreciation, collection and preservation, restoration techniques came into being.
Whether it is gilding or gold and silver, a relatively complete set of traditional crafts has been formed.
Both soil powder and Taibai pigment should be ground finely.
In 1952, bronze restoration experts led by the Beijing School retreated to the Palace Museum and stopped using traditional techniques to restore and copy bronze cultural relics.
Modern restoration technology has moved from official workshops to society. After long-term practice and development, it has formed unique expertise and a broken comprehensive technical system.
The ratio of glue to water is 1:5, and the ratio in spring, summer and autumn is 1:7.
During the restoration, the upper part of the seven-line inscription was found, and the words were the same as the special inscription.
The entire process is more troublesome than making a bronze vessel.