Chapter 1880: Look at the stone materials for stone carvings, each has its own characteristics
The simple ones are stone carvings of steles and calligraphy, but the modern ones developed include stone carvings of figures and animals, stone carvings of daily life crafts, and modern urban gardens and commemorative stone carvings.
In this stone carving factory, Chen Wenzhe saw all the stone carving works in all categories.
Now that he has seen it, it also gives him the opportunity to learn all the stone carving techniques.
To make stone carvings, you must first have suitable processing tools.
You must know that this is a stone carving factory, so there is no shortage of various processing tools.
Hand-carved products are products carved with chisels, hammers, drills and other hand tools.
Then there is the semi-mechanized processing of carvings, that is, stone carvings that are processed partly by hand and partly by mechanization.
Nowadays, there are also fully automatic CNC machines for processing carvings.
There are even some modern crafts such as sandblasted carvings.
This is done using a sandblasting engraving machine. The sandblasting engraving machine uses an air machine (air pressure 5-6kg/square meter) and emery to spray the engraving area on the product.
Low-relief sculptures are sculptures with fewer levels and more complicated content. They use less openwork techniques to make them more attractive.
It is no longer called sinking withering, also known as "line withering", which is a work of art that adopts the withering method of "water grinding and sinking flowers".
In relief works, the protruding part of the image is retained, while the back part is partially hollowed out, which is called openwork.
Therefore, engraving and chain-turning belong to the round-turning techniques, while openwork is an extension of the relief technique.
This kind of engraving method absorbs traditional brushwork techniques such as Chinese painting and meaning, overlapping, line shapes, scattered perspective, etc. Before the stone is processed and polished, the pictures and characters are traced, and then the lines are carved according to the pictures.
Shallow relief is a single-layered sculpture with a relatively simple content and no hollowing out to reveal it.
That low-difficulty carving technique was later specially studied by Chen Wenzhe.
Therefore, even this carving technique requires bad stones.
A small number of such works are used for interior and surface decoration of buildings, and they have no weak artistic quality.
According to the stone material, our country's stone carvings can be divided into bluestone carvings, marble carvings, white marble carvings, talc carvings, graphite carvings, colored stone carvings, pebble carvings, etc.
Engraving is a step back, not through withering.
The seventh is "withering", which is very sloppy and sloppy at the beginning to make the withered pieces into shape.
The "beads" that move in the dragon button stone seal are not the most complicated hollow ones.
Among carvings, carving is the most challenging one.
The earliest works were created by Hui'an artists in the late 1960s.
Among the stone carvings Chen Wenzhe sees now, relief is the most used.
Because the works are all based on photos, they are called "Shadow Paintings".
In this case, choosing the right stone becomes extremely important.
The first one is "pinching", which depends on the rough pattern and is also a creative and design process.
That is, the chemical reaction between the chemical corrosive liquid and the stone is used to carve the stone.
The seventh is "carving", which is not based on line graphics, but first dig out the useful stones inside.
That kind of carving is made of Yujing Lake bluestone, which is cut into flat plates.
In fact, the difficulty of those techniques is within the industry and is not considered low.
Of course, all those technologies are based on bad stone foundations.
Here, stone carving craftsmen from ancient times to the present have also created some carvings with various techniques of round, floating and sinking.
Because the image is raised on the stone surface, it is called relief.
First, the surface is polished, and using its characteristic of showing white spots after being cut, use a sharp tool to cut out micro-dots of the same size, depth, and density.
Although there are many types of stone carving products and few classification methods, their processing procedures are basically the same.
For some cases, you should draw a sketch first after making the blank, and for others, you should first make a clay or plaster model.
Since there are automatic engraving machines, chemical etching of engraving products is absolutely indispensable.
There are only seven traditional manual processing techniques for processing those stone products.
So if you want to learn, you must first learn how to do relief.
The dragon ball is peeled off the original stone and is smaller than the dragon's mouth. It rolls in the dragon's mouth but slides out.
As a result, they have developed their own characteristics and formed various types of stone carvings. Because they are large and compact, they are easier to carry. They are commemorative treasures and have good development prospects.
This carving method generally includes two types: convex carving (relief) and concave carving.
There are very few types of such sculptures, and few are made from a single stone, and some are not composed of several pieces of stone.
Use line thickness and depth to create a three-dimensional effect using shadows.
According to the depth of stone removal on the stone surface, it is divided into shallow relief and low relief.
The similarities and differences between penetrating withering, openwork withering, and chain withering are that none of them have penetrating properties.
Hollow carving is a form of sculpture, also known as hollow carving, that is, hollowing out the parts of the stone that do not express the image of the object, leaving the parts that can express the image of the object.
This kind of sculptures all express interesting content, so a comprehensive approach of floating in and sinking, sinking in and out of floating, and sinking and sinking in a circle is adopted.
Relief is a semi-three-dimensional image carved on the surface of a stone.
This is not carving and chain carving, which are all 360-degree carvings, but front or back.
Therefore, round sculptures are especially three-dimensional pseudo-shaped artworks that exist in a single body.
Later, Chen Wenzhe learned this technique under bronze ware. In fact, the least application of this technique was in jade, stone, or wooden ware.
Only the white ones are of the same level, so that the images displayed are delicate and realistic, and have unique charm. This is the development of stone carving into pure art and opens up a new path for the production of stone carving crafts.
Carving was developed from traditional stone carving crafts. Ancient stonemasons occasionally carved dragons with stone rolling balls in their mouths.
Carving is a technique developed from round carving. It is a Shoushan stone carving technique that expresses the three-dimensional spatial hierarchy of objects.
Each surface of the stone requires regressive processing, and the craftsmanship is characterized by hollowing techniques and fine chopping axes.
Relief is rarely used for wall decoration of buildings, but not for dragon pillars, drums, etc. in temples.
Not yet, the Royal Road in the Forbidden City is very impressive.
Those works have completely separated themselves from architectural practicality and become pure handicrafts.
This type of sculptures has led to the development of miniature works, which are as big as fruit cores and as thin as cicada wings. They are so ingenious that they are called "micro sculptures".
Next is the shadow carving, which is a new handicraft developed on the basis of the "needle white and white" craft in the early years.
The eighth is "picking", also known as "picking", which does not mean removing the remaining stones according to the pattern.
Single-sided through-cutting only engraves the front side, while double-sided through-cutting engraves both the front and the back.
Especially for small buildings, reliefs are used, while for large and rougher works, round reliefs are needed.
There are various design techniques for stone carving, which can be divided into relief, round carving, sunken carving, shadow carving, open carving and open carving.
However, the back side of the display is rarely expressed in the form of a screen, and there is no distinction between single-sided display and double-sided display.
Special points: stone selection, model making, blank molding, product molding, partial carving, polishing, cleaning, product assembly acceptance and packaging.
Whether it is single-sided openwork or double-sided openwork, there is an essential difference between openwork and chain withering.