Music played an important role in ancient my country.
Our country is a country of rituals and music. Ritual and music have run through the history of the Chinese nation and are the basic elements of our culture.
Confucius said: "There is nothing more effective than propriety in governing a country and its people; nothing is more effective than music in changing local customs."
Therefore, the Han Dynasty attached great importance to music. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a Yuefu to collect songs from various places to observe local customs. Local officials also used music to educate the people and change customs.
The musical instruments of the Han Dynasty can be divided into three categories: percussion instruments, wind instruments and string instruments.
The first type is the most famous percussion instrument, including bells, bo, chimes, duo, nao, drums, etc.
The second type is wind instruments, including sheng, yu, xun, flute, harp, panpipe, etc.
The third type is stringed instruments, including qin, zither, zhu, zither, pipa, etc.
The cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Liu He, Marquis of Haihun, have elegant and gorgeous decorations. The decorations are innovative and reflect the social customs of the Western Han Dynasty.
Each stroke, each button and each inlay represents the skill of a master craftsman and the charm of a great man.
Utensils are used to carry Taoism, objects are used to convey emotions, and the greatest opportunity to pass on culture comes from decoration.
Within these patterns are inscriptions, engravings, and finally the actual patterns.
Through the patterns on Haihun cultural relics, we modern people can enter the wonderful world of the ancient Han people.
There are many things worthy of study in the tomb of Marquis Haihun, and there are even more things related to the sculptures that Chen Wenzhe wants to study now.
Like decorations, inscriptions, paintings, murals, etc., many of them belong to the category of sculpture technology.
For example, a piece of danglu unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou is a metal decoration on the forehead of a horse.
Take a closer look at the decoration on this danglu. In the center of the top is a colorful leaping tiger;
On the left and right below are the moon with a jade rabbit and a toad inside, and the sun with a sunbird inside.
There is a fairy bird in the upper ring with a langan in its mouth, a fish in the lower ring, and a luan bird at the bottom.
Is this a rich and wonderful world of mythical beasts?
The reason why this danglu is famous is because of the white tiger on it.
Some people may ask, if tigers are generally not white, why are they called white tigers?
Could it be that all tigers in the past were white like the Bengal white tiger?
No, in our country, tigers are all colorful. The reason why they are called white tiger is because the white tiger is one of the four gods.
The Four Gods are the products of ancient star worship, and the Four Gods are integrated into the five elements and directions, represented by different colors.
For example, the green color in the east is wood, the white color in the west is gold, the red color in the south is fire, and the black color in the north is water. They correspond to green dragon, white tiger, red bird, and black basalt.
Some people may ask, there are only white tigers here, and there are no green dragons, red birds and Xuanwu. So what is the significance of the white tiger appearing here?
According to "Zhuangzi·Xiaoyao Ji": there are fishes in the North Ming Dynasty, and there is a cyclical relationship between birds and fish in the decoration of Danglu.
Based on this, it is speculated that the second ring of Jiaolong describes the scene from Beiming to Nanming.
The upper part of the Jiaolong represents the sky, because there are the sun and the moon on it.
The white tiger represents the west, so the white tiger sitting above it can be inferred to represent the starry sky in the west or the starry sky at night.
Since there is a white tiger pattern, there is naturally a phoenix pattern.
The jade phoenix bird unearthed from Haihunhou is a classic. This phoenix bird can be said to be a handmade creation and a representative of the unity of nature and man.
The phoenix is the king of birds. It is a hybrid mythical animal imagined by the ancients based on the image of a bird and combined with the images of various animals.
There are many records about the shape of the phoenix in ancient documents, such as "Erya·Shiniao": "The phoenix is the female emperor." Guo Pu notes: "The phoenix, the auspicious bird, has the head of a chicken, the neck of a snake, the jaws of a swallow, and the back of a fish.
Five colors, about six feet high."
"The Classic of Mountains and Seas·Nanshan Classic": "On the mountain of Danxue, there is a bird, which looks like a chicken and has colorful characters. It is called Phoenix."
The phoenix and bird pattern is a common decoration on ancient Chinese artifacts, and it is also a decorative pattern that accounts for a very high proportion of cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Liu He, Marquis of Haihun.
Phoenix and bird patterns are widely used on bronzes, lacquerwares and jadewares.
The phoenix birds with different shapes and lifelike shapes are presented through techniques such as painting, gold and silver interlacing, and engraving, showing the rich imagination and creativity of the Han Dynasty people and presenting the freehand romantic feelings.
Three phoenix-shaped stone ornaments were unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou, all of which were found in the south of the east chamber of the main coffin chamber of Liu He's tomb.
The phoenix shape is a standing phoenix image popular in the Western Han Dynasty. There is an unpierced hole drilled at the bottom. It should be an inlay on bronze or lacquerware.
This set of phoenix-shaped stones is decorated with the phoenix's head, body, feet, wings, tail, including facial organs.
The connection is reasonable, the style is realistic, and the body does not have too many patterns or lines. Only negative lines are used to indicate body parts, which is a common decorative technique in the Han Dynasty.
The phoenix's head is high and its tail is upturned. It is smart and elegant, vividly expressing its proud charm.
The beak is hooked, the ears are leaf-shaped, the phoenix wings are tucked in on both sides of the body, and the tail feathers are upturned, leisurely and contented, carving out a simple, restrained and noble phoenix bird.
In the eyes of ancient Chinese people, jade is a beautiful, warm and shiny stone, and jade articles are objects carved from these beautiful stones.
The phoenix bird is endowed with many beautiful qualities because of its "five colors and literary style", which is bright and beautiful.
Using beautiful jade articles to carry the beautiful image of the phoenix bird expresses people's beautiful wishes.
Since there are phoenix patterns, there will naturally be no shortage of dragon patterns. After all, Haihunhou is a royal family, so there are many dragon-patterned vessels unearthed from Haihunhou's tomb.
The dragon is a symbol of the Chinese nation. It is said that it originated from totem worship. Its uniqueness is that it has the physical characteristics of a variety of animals. It is a virtual creature made up of people. After a long period of cultural development, it became what it is today.
image.
A dragon-shaped jade ornament was unearthed in the middle of the west chamber of the main coffin of Haihun Hou Liu He's tomb. It was set on a copper pestle for decoration and was very well preserved.
The vessel is made of Hetian white jade, with an overall outline that is square on the outside and round on the inside, leaving a square surface on the surface;
The trapezoidal button is more prominent, but does not go beyond the square corner; there is a hole drilled in the middle of the button.
The dragon head and left wing are located at two opposite corners of the square, and the overall decoration shows the characteristics of micro-relief.
This artifact is in the shape of a three-dimensional coiled dragon, with an upright body, horizontally extended head and neck, one-cornered round eyes, a convex nose and a closed mouth.
One side of the dragon's body is fully decorated with dragon head patterns, and its wings are curled and spread out in a convex shape, decorated with feather patterns;
There is a polygonal prismatic button without patterns on the back, with horizontal holes on the button. This dragon has wings, the body is densely decorated with scales, and the head has horns. It is undoubtedly a Yinglong.
Dragon-shaped jade ornaments are in the shape of a more abstract dragon in the Spring and Autumn Period.
The common features of the dragon-shaped jade ornaments from the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period are that the dragon head is small, with a single angle, a convex nose and a closed mouth, and the body is fully decorated with dragon head patterns.
After entering the Warring States Period, the dragon body was mostly filled with grain patterns, swirl patterns, etc., and animal patterns such as dragon head patterns were rare. Later generations simplified the dragon body and used line drawing techniques to decorate the dragon body.
Therefore, this dragon-shaped jade ornament was formed no later than the early Warring States period. Some scholars speculate that it is an artifact from the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States period.