Chapter 1942: Rare among archaeological discoveries over the years
Whether in ancient times or modern times, women's instinct to love beauty has always existed.
I think Mrs. Xin Zhui was also a beautiful woman when she was young. She just wanted to use these exquisite makeup tools to slow down the passage of her youth when her appearance grew old.
But she never imagined that two thousand years after her death, the "double-layered nine-child dome" she left behind could still show us how women in the Han Dynasty made themselves "peonies like faces and willows like eyebrows"
, it’s really amazing to think about it.
Of course, these things are just one type of ancient lacquered woodware.
The inheritance and development of lacquerware production technology and decorative art originated from the lacquer craftsmanship that lasted from the Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty.
In our country's traditional culture, we have experienced the ancient totem era of flying dragons and phoenixes, and the strict hierarchical Bronze Age of "accepting destiny".
After that came the pre-Qin rational era when Confucianism and Taoism complemented each other, the Jing-Chu romantic era, and the Qin-Han period as a link between past and present.
In the most representative tombs of high-level nobles of the Western Han Dynasty princes in Nanhu, the inheritance and variation of lacquerware production technology and decorative art are also obvious.
The first is the change in the production of lacquerware. Archaeological data in the Nanhu area show that the quality and production of lacquerware in the early Han Dynasty have been greatly improved on the basis of inheriting the lacquerware craftsmanship from the pre-Qin period.
First, the production of wooden tires follows the previous generation's methods of cutting, withering, digging and chiseling into tools, and improves them, using the wheel-making method more frequently.
Before inheriting the traditional lacquer painting art, it can also introduce new ones.
However, the earliest dictionary in your country, "Shuowen Jiezi" written by Xu Shen of the Han Dynasty, does not explain the shape and pronunciation of the word "cat". The craftsman's creation is very unoriginal. Here, the dictionary unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb
Similar civet cat patterns were also found under 2 lacquered food items and 1 tapered makeup item.
The lacquer painting under the lacquerware in the Mawangdui Han Tomb is made of raw lacquer made into a translucent lacquer liquid and mixed with various pigments, and then painted under the lacquerware.
For example, the painted spoon on the bamboo body of the Han Tomb No. 1 in Mawangdui, Changsha, is tied with a bamboo joint as the bottom of the bucket, a long slice of bamboo as the handle of the spoon, and the tenon joint is connected to the bucket with bamboo nails, and the inside is painted.
There are more than 100 civet cats painted under the lacquered food plates. They may have erect ears and squat in the shape of a tiger;
The inner tube is always made first, and then the surface is painted with several layers of linen or silk. The inner tube mold is removed before drying, so it is called "out of body".
It is the "Silver Mouth and Yellow Ear" mentioned in "Salt and Iron Theory", which was a very precious artifact in the early Han Dynasty.
The civet cat is outlined with a single line of vermilion paint, the interior is coated with gray-green paint, and the eyes, ears, beards, claws, and tail patterns are painted in vermilion.
The most prominent of those patterns is not the civet cat pattern, but also the uniqueness of those lacquer food plates.
What kind of animal is a civet cat?
That should specifically refer to domesticated cats.
Basically, there is no civet cat painted in the center of the bottom of the inner wall of each paint tray, and only one of them has a turtle painted on it.
For example, the "Lacquer Cloth Dao" unearthed from Han Tomb No. 1 in Mawangdui is a lacquered Dao with conical patterns.
When it comes to civet cats, few people will automatically think of "the story of a civet cat for a prince", but what kind of animal is a civet cat?
Judging from the shape, they are slightly smaller in size, with narrow edges, open mouths, shallow arc belly, and flat bottoms.
Or one ear is raised downward, crawling backward...
The diameter of the good head is 28.5 cm and the height is 6 cm. The whole body is painted in white. There is no writing on the inside of the plate. The inside of the plate is "Jun Xing Shi" and the bottom of the plate is "Four Sheng" and "Biao Houjia".
The belly of the plate is painted with continuous cirrus patterns in red and gray-green colors, and eight civet cats are decorated at equal distances between the cirrus patterns.
The cat pattern plate and phoenix bird pattern box in Tomb No. 1 were drawn using this method.
But most of them are in the same situation. Occasionally, there are two civet cats and a turtle, two civet cats and a frog, and a civet cat and two mice equidistantly painted on the inner abdomen.
Seventh, most parts are made of bamboo.
At that time, new techniques of painting patterns on the underside of the lacquerware and inlaying gold and silver appeared.
Judging from the lacquer wares unearthed from Han Tomb No. 1 in Xiangbizui, Xianjiahu, Han Tomb No. 1 in Shazitang, and Mawangdui Han Tomb, the production method is similar to that of the Warring States Period.
The cat has wide eyes, erect ears and a long tail, and its body is decorated with no lines.
What do the ancients two thousand years later hate? Cats? Games? Black beans?
In fact, you can't tell any clues from under those lacquerwares.
There are moiré patterns painted on the plate, and there are curling moiré patterns, civet cat patterns, tortoise patterns, etc. painted on the plate.
The lacquer food plate with a civet and cat pattern called "Kun Suki Shoki" is very unique. So what is so unique about that food plate?
For example, there are small holes in the center of the bottom of round vessels such as lacquer plates and bowls in the Mawangdui Han Tomb, which are traces left by wheel-making.
The lacquered buttons are inlaid with gilt copper rings under the ears.
Eighth, thin wood slices are rolled into tubes and made with wooden nails and mortises and tenons. The production method is more exquisite than the lacquerware from Chu tombs in the Warring States Period.
Under the body of the vessel can only be seen the words "Jun Xing Food", "Jun Xing Wine", "One Liter and a Half Liter" and other ink inscriptions.
Not only the inheritance and variation of decorative techniques, the decorative techniques of lacquerware in the early Han Dynasty were very exquisite. On the basis of inheriting the decorative techniques of lacquerware from Pre-Qin Dynasty, many new techniques appeared.
It cannot be said that there are not all kinds of civet cat patterns underneath the utensils unearthed from that ancient tomb.
The richness of our diet and the variety of cooking methods are still amazing to this day.
"Animal name. Class Mammalia, order Carnivora, family Cat. There are no fat pads on the bottom of the toes, so walking makes noise. It is docile in nature. It moves well and is good at jumping. It likes to prey on rodents, and also eats frogs, snakes, etc. when not available. Varieties
rare."
Among the less than 3,000 dazzling funerary objects unearthed, the exquisite lacquerware, textiles and well-preserved ancient corpses are particularly impressive.
The thick-shaped lacquerware on the outside is elegantly decorated. It has been buried for thousands of years and is still as bright as new.
Those lacquer food plates have the same shape and similar patterns.
Cloud patterns are painted in between to achieve the artistic effect of symmetry without change.
There is no most authoritative explanation in "Cihai" to answer your questions.
Therefore, it can be admitted that if the ancients of the Han Dynasty disliked eating, they were usually the nobles of this period.
At that time, the painter used the eight-legged composition method to combine eight phoenixes and eight cats into a beautiful balanced pattern.
Most of those lacquerware are food containers, and among them, the 30 most exquisite pieces do not have the civet cat pattern Jia Zhenshan mentioned later.
As for the less than 700 pieces of lacquerware that are as bright as new, their sheer number, complexity, exquisite craftsmanship, and complete preservation are rare in archaeological discoveries over the years.
They are vivid and have a similarity,
Seventh, the short-lived lacquer wares in Chu tombs only came to prominence in the early Han Dynasty.
From 1972 to 1974, archaeologists previously excavated eight Han tombs in Mawangdui Township on the eastern outskirts of Husha, which were confirmed to be the tombs of the Bianhou family of the Western Han Dynasty.
Along with the discovery of various animals, plants, foods, and wines, combined with the cooking techniques such as boiling, steaming, roasting, and frying recorded in the records, the family recipes of the aristocrats of the early Han Dynasty were jointly presented.
Less than 3,000 precious cultural relics were unearthed from eight Western Han tombs previously excavated in Mawangdui.
It is supplemented by exquisite and distinctive patterns of clouds, phoenixes, birds, gods, monsters, etc. The pictures are vivid and the colors are bright.