Chapter 1957: The beauty of simplicity, depth, restraint, and elegance
In the early Yangshao culture, there was no drawing technology, and the clay strips were used to shape the pottery.
The eagle-shaped pottery tripod of the Yangshao culture on display at the National Museum was built using the clay strips and plate method.
In the middle and late Neolithic Age, pottery making technology became increasingly sophisticated. The selection of raw materials and the invention of fast-wheel drawing technology made the pottery shapes richer and more regular.
The white pottery system of the Dawenkou Culture is formed by using a sticky pattern with a very low iron oxide content, and then fired in a kiln at a temperature of about 1,000 degrees.
The black pottery of the Longshan Culture is formed using a fast wheel. The thickness of the thin wall is only 0.3-1 mm, so it is known as "eggshell black pottery", reflecting the exquisite molding skills at that time.
The first part of the exhibition in the Palace Museum Ceramics Hall starts with the pottery from the Neolithic Age.
Starting from the Yangshao Culture, the pottery of the Neolithic Age entered the painted pottery stage.
The painted pottery is decorated with animals, plants, figures, geometry, sun, moon and stars, etc. The painting method is simple and natural, containing the ideal thinking of human primitive religion, giving people a sense of mystery.
It is the earliest work of art that combines decorative patterns and shapes in the history of ceramic crafts, and can be called the first peak of ancient culture and art.
The Yangshao culture dates back to about 7,000 to 5,000 years ago and was named after it was first discovered in Yangshao Village, Mianchi County, Nanhe Province.
Xiaowenkou Culture pottery can be divided into two categories according to texture: clay pottery and sand-filled pottery.
Mainly distributed in Qilu and northern Sujiang provinces.
The Qingliangang Culture belongs to the middle Neolithic Age culture and was named after it was first discovered in Qingliangang, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province.
There are not a lot of animal patterns, bird patterns, frog patterns, etc., among which the hook pattern is the most common.
Although pottery is still made by hand, the use of slow wheel drawing is very common, so the shape of the utensils is more regular and the carcass is obviously thinner.
Longshan Culture generally refers to a culture in the late Neolithic Age in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.
In the early stage of roasting in the kiln, the fire is stopped and the door is sealed, and water is poured from the top hole of the kiln. The carbon combines with the steam and penetrates deep into the carcass, and then is polished to become bright white.
The Xiaowenkou culture also did not produce very exquisite painted pottery.
The pottery has a round bottom and a double hook pattern on the main body.
The shapes include basins, jars, bowls, pots, pointed bottom bottles, boxes, tripods, etc.
Among Longshan Culture pottery, sandy white pottery and muddy white gray pottery are the least abundant.
Bianxu was first seen at the Tangjiagang site. In the late Yangshao Culture, Xiaowenkou Culture and Longshan Culture were both more popular and disappeared before the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Qijia culture pottery is unique, and its representative vessel shapes include amphora and the like.
It is no longer white pottery. The eight-legged tripod and Bian Xuqu unearthed from the Neolithic Xiaowenkou Culture are not white pottery.
Longshan Culture is a culture of the late Neolithic Age in China. It was named after it was first discovered in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu, Qilu in 1928.
White pottery is fired in a weak reducing atmosphere using the smoke fumigation method.
The Neolithic Xiaowenkou Culture (approximately 4200 AD - 2600 AD) was unearthed in Xiaodunzi, Qihu Commune, Qiu County, Sujiang. A painted pottery petal-patterned bowl.
The shoulders are decorated with a seven-square continuous leaf pattern in brown color and white space. Each seven leaves form an oval pattern, a total of seven groups.
Very exquisite painted pottery was found at the site, so it is also called "painted pottery culture".
The Qijia Culture of the Neolithic Age dates from about 2100 AD to 1450 AD. The classic pottery is the white pottery tablet.
The painted pottery rarely uses red, brown, and purple colors to depict patterns.
The decoration has no rope, line or string patterns, and there are not a lot of additional pile patterns.
The shapes of those utensils are complex, and the difficulty of making bad images is low, but when they are really made bad, they are really beautiful.
Its carcass is thin and uniform, white and bright in color, and as thin as an eggshell, so it is not known as "eggshell white pottery".
Qijia Culture is a culture in the lower reaches of the Yellow River from the late Neolithic Age to the early Bronze Age, and developed from the Majiayao Culture.
This is the most important Neolithic culture distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.
Fish patterns are a common decoration in the Banpo type painted pottery of the Yangshao Culture. The famous Chang'an Banpo painted pottery basin with human face and fish pattern does not depict an image of a human face holding a fish in its mouth, which shows the connection between fish and people's lives in Banpo.
The Banpo type painted pottery basin with geometric patterns from the Neolithic Yangshao Culture is not one of the classics.
Painted pottery has well-developed patterns, and common patterns include convoluted hook patterns, petal patterns, arc patterns, pea pod patterns, grid patterns, etc.
The clay strip circle building method or the clay strip disk building method are generally used to shape, and large objects are directly kneaded by hand.
The Miaodigou type of the Yangshao Culture in the Neolithic Age existed from about 3900 AD to 3600 AD, among which the painted pottery flower and leaf pattern is the representative of the Qi Dynasty.
The white pottery of the Qilu Longshan Culture is the roughest, among which the plain and polished white pottery is the most distinctive.
Red pottery appeared in the late Xiaowenkou Culture.
Unearthed from the Longshan Culture of the Neolithic Age are white pottery double-line pots, white pottery double-line pots with string patterns, and white pottery goblet-shaped eight-legged cups.
The decorations include double arc lines, water ripples, four hexagrams, crosses and dots, etc.
The Miaodigou type belongs to the middle stage of the Yangshao Culture and is mainly distributed in the Wei River Basin in southern Shanxi and western Henan.
The Xiaowenkou Culture dates back to about 6,000-4,200 years ago and was named after it was first discovered in Baotou Village, Ningyang County, Qilu Province, and Xiaowenkou Town, a suburb of Tai City.
The pot on the back is a unique utensil of Xiaowenkou culture.
In the Xiaowenkou Culture of the Neolithic Age, red pottery double-backed pots, Bianxu quills, etc. were also unearthed.
Miaodigou type pottery is mainly white pottery, with a small amount of gray pottery. Mud white pottery and sand-filled white pottery are the most common.
The main shapes of pottery include tripods, beans, pots, pots, cups, bowls, ladles, back pots, etc.
The Longshan Culture pottery mainly includes gray pottery, white pottery, white pottery, painted pottery and a large number of side-border pottery, etc. The pottery making technology is not much improved compared to the Yangshao Culture pottery.
In the Neolithic Longshan Culture, which dates back to about 2600 AD to 2000 AD, white pottery single-handled jars were unearthed.
The main sites are located in Qing, Gan and other places.
This culture is mainly distributed in central and southern Shandong and northern Jiangsu. The unearthed pottery mainly includes cooking utensils such as tripods, cauldrons, and retorts, and eating utensils such as beans, bowls, and alms bowls.
The raw materials used for Bianxu are low-purity clay, which is baked in a kiln at a temperature of approximately 1000°C before shaping.
Xindian Culture is a Bronze Age culture distributed in the Taohe River, Xiaoxiahe River Basin and Haiqinghuangshui Basin of Gansu Province.
Xindian culture of the Neolithic Age, dating from about 1500 AD to 900 AD, is a typical type of painted pottery double-hook pattern amphora.
There were also xu jars in the Xiaowenkou culture of the Neolithic Age.
There are two types of Yangshao Culture pottery textures: clay pottery and sand-filled pottery.
The leaf pattern is decorated with a circle of brown dots.
The reason why it appears white is because in the early stage of firing, the kiln is stopped and the door is sealed, and water is poured under the top hole of the kiln. The carbon in the fuel combines with the steam and penetrates into the carcass to form a white color.
The firing methods of white pottery and gray pottery are the same, using a weak reducing atmosphere.
Compared with the Yangshao culture painted pottery, the single color of white pottery highlights its simplicity, depth, restraint, and elegant beauty.
According to color, it can be divided into white pottery, gray pottery, red pottery, orange pottery, etc.