After the Yuan Dynasty, Jieshou painted pottery absorbed the decorative techniques and decorative content of the popular local woodblock New Year pictures and paper-cut appliques.
At this time, carving and deflowering techniques appeared, and their own unique artistic style initially formed.
From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Jieshou painted pottery inherited the early pottery techniques and was influenced by the opera art at that time, making the decorative content more colorful.
In addition to flowers, birds, fish and insects, there have been a large number of paintings of characters and scenes based on traditional dramas.
Engraving and carving decoration techniques are more common.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jieshou painted pottery received concern and support from the government.
Famous kiln workers Lu Shanyi and Lu Shanzhi were sent to the Mass Art Research Class of the East China Branch of the Academy of Fine Arts, which greatly improved their painting and blank-making skills.
In 1954, Mr. Lu Shanyi established a pottery production cooperative, which was renamed Jieshou Craft Ceramics Factory in 1958.
In 1954, the Suzhou Oriental Art Museum's "Plastic Art" published a photo of the three-color "Sword and Horse Man" wine jar made by Mr. Lu Shanyi, which received a great response internationally.
Some countries in Eastern Europe are vying to collect his works.
Mr. Lu Shanyi was also rated as a national outstanding folk artist by the my country Folk Artists Association, and is as famous as Zisha artist Gu Jingzhou and other masters.
From the late 1980s to the early 1980s, my country's culture and art were reborn, and Jieshou painted pottery also ushered in an artistic spring.
Jieshou Craft Ceramics Factory, under the guidance of the famous craft artist Mr. Han Meilin, has developed a series of silicon-boron colored glazes.
Such as black gold glaze, gold sand glaze, peacock blue glaze, rose red glaze, etc.
These replaced the original lead glaze and at the same time converted the pottery from a low-temperature type to a high-temperature type (the kiln temperature reaches about 1000°C).
The glazes of these porcelains are more closely bonded than before, and the glazes are more beautiful.
Products are exported to Eastern Europe, the United States, Japan, Hong Kong and other countries and regions.
Mr. Lu Shanyi's "three-color carved vat" also won the Quality Product Award of the Ministry of Light Industry and the Hundred Flowers Award for Arts and Crafts in 1984.
Tracing the history of the evolution of decorative techniques in Jieshou painted pottery, it can be divided into three periods.
The first period is the initial period of Jieshou painted pottery.
Strictly speaking, the pottery at this time cannot be called painted pottery, but can only be called plain-fired pottery.
Due to the lack of production tools, the ancestors could only use their smart brains and hard-working hands to knead the clay ingredients, shape the clay, and use firewood to bake unglazed pottery at low temperatures;
The natural stripes on pottery made of clay strips become unique and beautiful decorative patterns.
The second period is the carving period of Jieshou painted pottery.
At this time, the ancestors had already begun to use the pottery wheel. They used the external force of their feet to rotate the pottery wheel at a constant speed, placed mud on the wheel, and used their hands to use their hands skillfully to pull out pottery tires with ever-changing shapes;
After drying, apply white clay on the tread, let it dry until half dry, use iron or bamboo sticks to carve flowers, birds, fish and insects on the tread, and then apply lead and clay glazes.
Dry it and place it in the kiln, then burn it with firewood for three or four days, and you will have crystal clear three-color painted pottery.
The content of its depictions is mostly flowers and birds in nature.
In addition, because the neck or bottom of the jar is engraved with two consecutive patterns with flowers as the theme, it is called carved pottery;
After the pottery body is fired in the kiln, it turns ocher red, and is decorated with emerald green and earthy yellow glaze colors, naturally forming a three-color glaze. The combination of the two becomes a three-color carved pottery.
The third period is the Jieshou painted pottery carving period.
After hundreds of years of practice starting from the second period, pottery artists gradually enriched the depiction themes of painted pottery.
In addition to flowers, birds, fish and insects, traditional drama scenes such as "The Destroy of Hongzhou", "The Battle of Qin Qiong", "The Case of Guillotine", etc. have also been "translated" onto the pottery altar;
In terms of expression techniques, techniques such as picking, engraving, and scraping are used to make the colors of the picture richer and the theme more vivid.
The decorative techniques of painted pottery from this period have been continued ever since.
Its decorative techniques mainly rely on two points. One is the particularity of the carving tools.
Using knives and needles instead of writing, picking, carving, and scraping are used simultaneously to produce black, white, and gray artistic effects on the picture;
This traditional technique has no other example in the domestic ceramics industry.
The second is the compatibility of regional folk art. The decorative art characteristics of Jieshou painted pottery not only reflect the line carvings of local woodblock New Year pictures, but also absorb the characteristics of the combination of line and surface of Jieshou paper-cuts. Artists can carve them freely without any carving.
Craftsmanship.
Jieshou painted pottery inherits the legacy of Tang Sancai and absorbs the artistic styles of paper cutting and woodblock New Year pictures, forming its own genre in pottery making techniques.
In the production of the tread, Jieshou painted pottery is decorated with two layers of make-up soil, showing two basic contrasting colors of ocher, yellow or ocher and white during the carving process;
In terms of depicting themes, in addition to using flowers, birds, fish, and insects in daily life as creative objects, it also focuses on absorbing the artistic elements of traditional opera.
It is expressed in the form of scenes, and Lu Shanyi's "Sword and Horse Man" series is its representative;
In terms of firing, Jieshou painted pottery is first dehumidified and then fired.
The temperature is generally between 700 and 800 degrees Celsius, and the finished product is brick-red carved pottery, which can be glaze fired after bisque firing.
That is, it is coated with glaze containing lead, silica, and powdered clay and placed in a pottery sagger.
Gradually increase the temperature, reaching 1000 to 1050 degrees Celsius, and bake for two days and two nights. The finished product is Jieshou painted pottery with red background and white flowers.
Jieshou painted pottery embodies the honest and simple character of farmers and their clumsy and ingenious aesthetic taste, reflecting the aesthetic trend of Chinese folk art advocating nature and pursuing harmony.
Such works of art are very popular in the domestic and foreign markets. The Victoria Museum of Yinglun has a collection of Jieshou three-color carved pottery.
Jieshou painted pottery is bright and colorful, and is very popular among Europeans.
Not long after the founding of the People's Republic of China, many national leaders liked to bring Jieshou painted pottery to important officials from Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and other countries.
The unique art of Jieshou painted pottery modeling and decoration is composed of many elements.
Such as the unconscious application of the golden ratio, space processing, picture layout, etc.
The optimal combination of its multiple elements creates the unique artistic personality of Jieshou painted pottery.
However, Jieshou painted pottery is the crystallization of human beings' continuous observation, discovery, refinement and creation in long-term production practice and social life;
From simple imitation and characterization to comprehensive artistic creation, from accidental discovery to skilled mastery, through repeated practice, inspiration and rules, we can summarize the principles of creating beauty.
Therefore, the symmetrical beauty, balanced beauty, and decorative beauty of Jieshou painted pottery are a collection of beauty that originates from life and is rooted in the local area.
The main material of Jieshou painted pottery is taken from the clay layers on both sides of the Ying River.
Therefore, it has local and national local characteristics.
Thus, "Jieshou painted pottery" with individuality and unique artistic language was formed.
The shapes of Jieshou painted pottery are mostly round. According to research, there are two decisive factors for the circular characteristics.
First, it comes from the folk customs here.
"Tao" has the homophone of "dig", and "yuan" means "round and round". The combination of the two means "round and round".