Chapter two hundred and eighty fourth handed down orphans
Copper is a relatively stable metal and does not rust easily at room temperature.
It takes decades, even hundreds of years, to produce copper oxide, basic copper carbonate, etc.
Due to the different sizes of the particles formed, copper oxide shows different colors such as yellow, orange-red, bright red, dark brown, etc., commonly known as "jujube skin red", "chestnut shell", etc.
The rust color on the surface of the unearthed coins is deeply stained into the inside of the coins. Because their molecular structure is stable and compact, the real rust is very difficult to wipe off.
This is not the case with counterfeit rust, which is mostly on the surface of coins and is called "floating rust" or "powdered rust". It is relatively frivolous and easy to remove. The fake rust is often boiled in alkaline water and becomes vulnerable.
Chen Wenzhe is very familiar with this point.
There are two ways to detect fake rust on excavated coins. The first is to put counterfeit coins into acetic acid and bury them in the ground to quickly develop a rust color;
The second is to put the counterfeit product in a mixture of brine (ammonium chloride), tin green (copper sulfate), and vinegar to corrode the new copper into the old color, and then use glue to stick rust on the coin.
The method of counterfeiting the rust of handed down products is to blacken them with fire, rub them with oil and wax them.
The authentic ones passed down from generation to generation are black and smooth, while the fake ones are floating and shiny.
The piece in Chen Wenzhe's hand is a heirloom. It is generally light yellow, but there are also black rust stains on it, and of course there is no lack of patina.
The formation of green rust differs between the north and the south. In areas with acidic geological zones, the degree of oxidation is correspondingly more serious.
The north is dry, with little rain and difficult to dry, so the rust color will be hard.
The south is rainy and humid, and the oxide layer is loose and mostly blue and green in color.
For example, coins of the Southern Song Dynasty were issued in the south, so most of them were unearthed in the south. Due to the influence of the geographical environment, the coins are generally blue-green.
If light green rust is found, there is something wrong with the money.
If the area where the soil is buried is hot and dry, the copper rust will turn reddish purple, but this rust color will not exist alone on the money body, but will be mixed with green rust, which is called "erythema green rust".
Chen Wenzhe is very familiar with "Red Spot and Green Rust" because this is also his specialty.
Of course, Chen Wenzhe had no use for this missing Daqi Tongbao, because it was unnecessary.
Chen Wenzhe is very experienced in counterfeiting, so he can see the artificial patina at a glance.
As for red rust, you should pay attention. It should be fake money. It is formed after the counterfeiter puts the counterfeit money in the furnace and burns it red.
This kind of imitation rust is superficial, and a discerning person can tell it is fake at a glance.
The combination of all these aspects of knowledge allowed Chen Wenzhe to conclude that this was a genuine Daqi Tongbao.
Others, on the other hand, are obviously more cautious when facing ancient coins of this level.
Especially Professor Mu Kairong, he especially likes to read coin inscriptions, and he seems to have some special means in this regard.
A major feature of my country's metal coins is the inscriptions on them.
It can be said that each type of coin text has its own characteristics, and coin inscriptions from different eras have different writing styles.
Based on these characteristics, it can be tested whether it is a coin of the same era.
In addition, while paying attention to the characteristics of various Qianwen, we can also find out the evolution process and changing rules of Qianwen.
These rules and characteristics can be used as a basis for identifying the authenticity of ancient coins.
In the pre-Qin period, the characters on metal coins such as knives, cloth, and round coins were written in large seal scripts.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the style of Qian writings belonged to the category of small seal scripts, such as half liang and five baht, but it already had the style of Han Li, among which Mang Qian was a hanging needle seal script.
The style of calligraphy in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was complex. Tang coins were written in eight-point official script. After the Tang Dynasty, official script became popular. In the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, there were mainly three types: Zhen, Seal and Li.
The coins of the Northern Song Dynasty include seal script, Li script, Zhen script, Xing script and Cao script.
From Guangzong Shaoxi of the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, Qianwen was mainly written in regular script (real script), with occasional seal script and official script.
Because our country is a multi-ethnic country, there are Mongolian, Manchu, Hui, Dangxiang (Xixia) and other ethnic minority characters on coins.
To identify whether a coin's calligraphy is correct or not, you must first see whether it conforms to the characteristics of the time;
The second step is to see whether it conforms to the characteristics of this variety. For example, the "Yihua" round coin is a pre-Qin seal script, but it also has the characteristics of the Qi script, which is different from the round coin scripts of other countries at the same time;
Wan coins from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty were found. If the inscriptions on the coins are written in small seal script, they are obviously fakes;
Qin Banliang is quite famous among ancient coins. Its coins are thick and heavy, with excellent copper quality. The characters on the coins are raised and majestic. In the character "Liang" in Banliang, the character "人" is towering. If you find that the characters on the coins are flat, you will notice at first glance.
Then you know it’s a fake;
If you see errors in Manchu writing on the coins of Baoyuan or Baoquan Bureau in the Qing Dynasty, you should consider Baoquan. Baoyuan Bureau 2 was the most formal coin minting bureau at the national level in the Qing Dynasty. The Manchu writing is absolutely perfect.
If there are no errors, the coins you see must be counterfeit.
Looking at this Daqi Tongbao again, it is not difficult to distinguish the authenticity through the handwriting.
Chen Wenzhe really doesn't know this yet. This is the power of Professor Mu Kairong.
"The Daqi Tongbao was cast during the Ten Kingdoms period when Xu Zhigao of the Wu Kingdom was granted the title of King of Qi. This should be no problem. Judging from the physical rubbings of the Daqi Tongbao that have been circulated, the handwriting on this one is very similar to the old items from the Ten Kingdoms.
The text production is also very similar to the Tang Dynasty Tongbao coins produced by Xu Zhigao!"
"From this point, it can be seen that the text of Daqi Tongbao has a comparable object, that is, the Datang Tongbao coins made by Xu Zhigao, and the pictures of the four-eyed Daqi that are currently circulating can also be used as a reference.
, from these points, no problems were found.”
After Mu Kairong finished speaking, the other professors all looked at each other in shock!
Have they witnessed the birth of an orphan that has been handed down from generation to generation? The missing-corner Daqi is definitely missing, but the four-eyed Daqi is not in the country either.
If this one is definitely authentic, it will be the only one handed down from generation to generation!
"I'm not as professional as you in other matters, but I am still good at appraising ancient coins. Why not listen to the sound and you will know if it is an ancient coin."
At this moment, Li Mingsheng opened his mouth and said.
"Haha, I really didn't expect this. Professor Li is an expert in this field!" Mu Kairong smiled and handed the coin in his hand to Li Mingsheng.
Chen Wenzhe was also stunned. He had heard that silver coins could be distinguished from fakes by listening to the sound, but he didn't expect that copper coins could also be used!
"I'm afraid some young people have never heard of it, right? There is a big difference between the sounds of ancient coins and modern coins!" Professor Li Mingsheng said proudly.
There are specialties in the art industry, and everyone has their own unique skills, such as Chen Wenzhe's gold-touching skills.
In fact, if you understand it clearly, it is not difficult to listen to the sound, but this method of identification requires experience.
In fact, there are still many people who like to use the method of listening to sounds to identify ancient coins.
Due to the texture of ancient coins, the older they are, the more they lose their fire and the more serious they are oxidized. When thrown on a harder ground, the sound becomes duller.