Each historical period has its own fixed decorative style.
To a certain extent, the jade wares of the Han Dynasty were influenced by the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Some of the jade wares' decorations from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were also handed down, and at the same time, rich and beautiful Han Dynasty decorations were produced.
For example, Pu pattern and Gu pattern, Pu pattern, a honeycomb-like pattern composed of parallel lines in three directions, was popular from the Warring States Period to the mid-Western Han Dynasty, and was mainly used to decorate jade bis, jade huangs, etc.
Grain pattern, a pattern composed of grain-like spiral units, is divided into two types. One is to draw a spiral pattern with thin lines from the inside to the outside based on the cattail pattern, and the other is to reduce the ground and emboss it to create a round and independent grain pattern.
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Since you can make so many shapes, you must have a very high level of craftsmanship.
The greatest craftsmanship characteristics of the jade wares of the Han Dynasty were due to the widespread use of iron tools.
Judging from the history of the development of iron tools, iron has high toughness and good forging properties, and can be used to make tools of various shapes, especially small tools for tuck, bump, hook, and withdrawal.
It can be said that the widespread use of iron tools had a revolutionary impact on the jade craftsmanship of the Han Dynasty.
It turns out that Chen Wenzhe has not never seen jade articles from the Eastern Han Dynasty, and he has also seen the carving process.
However, there has never been a time when just looking back at a piece of jade allowed him to see the various processing processes of jade in the Han Dynasty.
He knew that the jade ring he was looking back on this time was definitely not simple.
Only the royal family can gather so many people and process and carve so many jade stones at the same time.
Also, what he saw this time was a carving site from the Han Dynasty, in which iron tools were commonly used.
Only by using iron can the hollowing process be easily realized. Of course, the cutting process also becomes simple.
During this period, during the cutting and shaping process, wire saws or straight saws were used, and disc guillotines were also used for cutting, with water and jade dissolving sand added. The tools used depended on the habits of the jade workers and the size of the jade material.
The edge of the saw or weight is very thin, indicating the sharpness of the metal tool used.
For example, the straight saw marks on jade bis and jade garment pieces from Han tombs in Mancheng are generally 1 to 1.5 mm wide, and some are only 0.35 mm wide.
Due to the widespread use of iron tools, the production precision of jade pieces has also reached a high level, creating a technical foundation for complex gold and jade inlays.
Of course, these are all common processes, but the one that is a bit more difficult must be the live ring socketing process.
Because Chen Wenzhe saw a process of processing jade chains in his retrospection, one link within another, this is an infinite set of rings!
This kind of technique is even more advanced than the technique of the jade in his hand.
He knew that this was live-ring carving, and that this process was a complex and superb technique.
It was only in the Han Dynasty that the processing technology of jade rings was no longer a problem, so it was often used in vessels and decorative themes.
Seeing this, Chen Wenzhe used an independent inheritance without any hesitation.
The main thing is the jade ring with hollow dragon and phoenix patterns in his hand, which can be said to be the culmination of various top-notch techniques of the Han Dynasty.
Through it, Chen Wenzhi will definitely be able to learn many top skills.
Sure enough, with the start of independent inheritance, Chen Wenzhe's mind immediately emerged with the most top-notch craftsmanship.
From dismantling the material to carving the loose ring to drilling, the entire process was all presented to him before his eyes.
Chen Wenzhe didn't care about the people outside who were waiting for him to look at him. He was immersed in learning and couldn't extricate himself!
There must be a master among us when we are together. Many modern people cannot achieve some ancient carving techniques even if they have the right tools.
Therefore, Chen Wenzhe gained a lot from using independent inheritance on a jade ring from the Han Dynasty.
For example, the drilling process seems to be very simple. The drilling process is said to be simple, but in practice, it was not easy in ancient times without mechanical drills.
The drilling technology of jade in the Han Dynasty was very mature, and drill rod-type tools were used in many aspects of jade carving.
Drill bits are generally made of iron, and the inner hole of a relatively slender jade tube can be drilled very straight. However, if you drill from both sides, step marks will sometimes appear, but the bell mouth shape that is large on the outside and small on the inside is basically gone.
In the Han Dynasty, large-diameter metal tubes were used to polish the outer outline of jade bis, making the jade bis much rounder, such as the jade bis unearthed from the tomb of the King of Chu in Shizishan, Pengcheng.
Let’s talk about hollowing out technology. After the Spring and Autumn Period, hollowing out technology was widely used in jade carving.
There was a small climax during the Warring States Period, and it was mainly used for carving on sheet-shaped objects. At the same time, a small number of three-dimensional carvings also appeared, and its craft style continued to influence the Han and Wei dynasties.
The hollowing method is the same as in the previous stage. The main method is to first draw the outline, then drill holes for positioning, and then add metal wire saws to cut into various shapes. Drilling holes are also used to form part of the hollowing.
When using a metal wire-shaped tool, the wire saw is fixed at both ends of the bow handle, and the bow handle is pulled back and forth with the hand, so fine straight lines are often left on the cutting surface.
Some Han Dynasty sword ornaments that are not very finely polished often leave fine straight lines in the holes, and sometimes traces of perforations are also left.
This is usually made using the bow method, which is the result of using metal wire and has sharp corners.
Sometimes a thicker metal bar is used to file and pull. This tool is also called a "pull bar".
You must know that these techniques can not only be used on jade, but also on porcelain?
When making tires, many porcelains require hollowing out processes, such as the hollowed-out salad plate we saw earlier.
On top of making porcelain, using top-notch hollowing technology makes it easier to make.
After all, porcelain is not as hard as jade, so it is easier to process.
Of course, the most important craft is definitely the carving craft, which is also the craft that Chen Wenzhe wants to learn the most.
No matter what era you are in and what tools you use, engraving will always be the same routine. However, if the tools are inappropriate, it will be more difficult to carve and the engraving speed will be much slower.
But no matter how difficult or slow it is, ancient carving techniques are still useful in modern times and are worth learning.
In other words, using modern tools and ancient carving techniques, the artifacts made will be more exquisite.
Of course, engraving is also essential when making porcelain.
Therefore, when you learn to carve jade patterns, you are also learning to carve porcelain patterns.
In particular, some special tools from the Han Dynasty are no longer in use, but the principle is clear.
For example, if you know how to use a tuo tool to carve some exquisite patterns, is it not possible to use a hand drill now?
The iron tutu of the Han Dynasty has been fully used in all aspects of jade carving, such as single Yin lines, double Yin lines, and collision with ground patterns, etc.
These are still simple. The emergence of iron gypsum in the Han Dynasty allowed for the further development of decorative processing techniques such as intaglio, relief, openwork, and round carving during this period on the basis of inheriting the jade carving technology of the previous generation, especially the round carving jade wares.
Increase and highlight the shape and beauty of jade.