In the early autumn of the 11th year of Jianlong's reign, when there was no clear outcome of the Battle of Xingguo, the emperor arrived in Beijing. He came to Yuehua Palace to visit his mother Xiao Chuo, who was ill in bed.
My body has always been well maintained.
However, he was ultimately unable to withstand the erosion of time. After all, he was already in his seventies, and his body and bones had not been in good condition in the past few years. No matter how good the medicine was, it was of no use, which made Liu Wenji deeply worried.
Empress Dowager Xiao was not only Liu Wenji's mother, but also the greatest contributor to his rise to the throne. She was the most important schemer who had been hiding behind him for decades. It can be said that Empress Dowager Xiao single-handedly made Liu Wenji what he is today.
He can also imagine Liu Wenji's feelings for Empress Dowager Xiao.
After the visit, Liu Wenji apologized to Empress Dowager Xiao for the "Khitan subjugation" that year, but he still underestimated his old mother. Empress Xiao did not speak up about the Khitan matter. She did not express her dissatisfaction by being silent, but it was just inconvenient to speak.
Sensing Liu Wenji's inner complexity and worries, Empress Dowager Xiao still maintained the attitude she had persisted in for decades. Her body and mind had entered China, and there was no Khitan left. Liu Wenji consulted her again about Mobei affairs. Empress Dowager Xiao, who is old and wise, is still clear-headed.
, the opinion is very clear, the barbarian Jin Kingdom should be eliminated as soon as possible, and the grassland and desert should be divided and conquered.
Shortly after a brief but profound conversation with his old mother, Liu Wenji made up his mind to expedition to the northern desert and conquer the Jin Kingdom. And, in the autumn of the eleventh year, when the autumn was high and the horses were fat, and the Jin soldiers most often raided the south,
The imperial court sent troops and officially began to face and solve the troubles in Mobei, which also kicked off the Han Empire's comprehensive counterattack against the Naiman and Jin Kingdom.
Of course, this is based on the premise that the Yunnan-Guizhou Rebellion has come to an end and the overall situation in Southwest China has stabilized. Otherwise, Liu Wenji would not have been so eager with his military prudentness and caution.
Throughout Liu Wenji's reign, although he has been facing various pressures from both inside and outside the government, he has always been clear-headed about his actions. He is extremely eager to put a sacred and gorgeous coat on his rule, but this will never include
Military adventure.
Regardless of whether it was the Yunnan-Guizhou Rebellion or the Mobei Troubles, which ultimately resorted to military strikes, the main purpose was still the security and rule of the empire. Even if they were patient and steady, when the Northern Expedition was launched, some people could not help but criticize
, gossiping and insinuations, accusing the imperial court of going to war in the south and in the north, and that it was an act of militarism.
The eloquent talks in Taihe Tower can be ignored. The style of political discussion there has always been open, and there must be support even if there is opposition. What really makes Liu Wenji feel bad is the opinions of some officials in the court, or the civil servants he relies on more.
For example, Liu Jun, a bachelor of Jixian Palace and minister of the Ministry of Rites, wrote a letter to dissuade the Northern Expedition because the southwest was still undecided, and he also put forward a series of unfavorable factors for the Northern Expedition. He hoped that the emperor could practice martial arts and cultivate literature to calm the people of the world.
Liu Wenji was surprisingly angry about Liu Jun's suggestions. After receiving the memorial, he summoned Liu Jun to the front, severely criticized and refuted him, and then demoted him to Monan as an academic administrator, leaving him in a state of chaos.
In the north of Saibei, I personally asked the soldiers and civilians in the border areas, can the world be at peace? Can the people's hearts be calm?
Liu Jun was a Jinshi in the Yongxi Dynasty. He was once known as "Yang Liu" together with the great scholar Yang Yi. Although he was not as talented and academically talented as Yang Yi, with his solid skills, simple and simple customs, and standard morals, he was able to achieve success in the past few decades.
Became a literary giant in the empire and a scholar leader.
Liu Jun once served as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and knew how to make imperial edicts and tribute examinations. He also served as a professor at the University of Political Science and Law all year round. There, he formed a mentor-disciple relationship with Bao Zheng, who was admitted to the university.
He is "Master Bao"'s life mentor and career leader.
The fundamental reason for Liu Wenji's anger towards Liu Jun or his officials who held similar views was that he was double-standardized, which was particularly annoying to him and tore his heart apart. You need to know why he refused to act in the ninth year of Jianlong's reign.
, just because of concern for the southwest.
Now that the situation in the southwest is under control and they are about to make contributions to the peace of the people in the north, Liu Jun and other ministers use these remarks to dissuade and even accuse them. This makes Liu Wenji very suspicious of their intentions. It even makes Liu Wenji have a feeling that he hates these civil servants.
"Great" reflection, otherwise how could he be allowed to be so presumptuous.
When he was in a rage, Liu Wenji wanted to use the many great conquests during the Shizu period as examples. Compared with them, his Jianlong period was more than restrained, but he still inevitably overgeneralized and took things out of context.
However, Liu Wenji deeply understood the truth in his heart: after all, he was not Emperor Shizu.
The Northern Expedition carried out by the Han Empire in the autumn of the 11th year of Jianlong's reign can only be called "the Han army marched out of the fortress" in a strict sense. In terms of both goal and scale, it was just a prelude to the imperial court's massive Northern Expedition to destroy the Jin Dynasty, but the real mobilization
After getting up, he rushed to the decisive battle.
For the imperial army that has been at peace for many years, even if the frontier army has maintained good military equipment and training all year round, it still takes a process to shift from public security maintenance to a real war track.
Therefore, the scale of the Han army dispatched during this autumn expedition was not large. It marched in two ways. On the way, Xiao Hui was the main general, leading the Jin Dynasty and more than 25,000 troops on the side. They set out from Monan to attack the desert from afar.
To the north, the target is directly at the Dishanqu River Basin in the hinterland of the Jin Kingdom. There are cities such as Talan and Hedong that were inherited from the Khitan. It is the core of the central Mobei grassland and connects the east and west, maintaining the Jin Kingdom's relationship with the desert.
Beina is not a key thoroughfare for reliable governance.
Xiao Hui, a general from the Khitan tribe, the sword that Liu Wenji had sharpened for twenty years, finally came out of its sheath and was used in the Mobei incident. At the same time, this was also the first time in nearly sixty years that the Han cavalry
, once again crossed the desert and expedition into the extinct territory.
Of course, in terms of geographical environment and historical background, Mobei is no longer an extinct territory for the Han army, at least not as unfamiliar as it used to be. At the same time, Xiao Hui's army is not only armed with cavalry, highly equipped with mules and horses, but also has a large number of grasslands.
Tribes serve as servant guides.
In the years after the Khitan was destroyed, the imperial court did not do anything. It just sat back and watched the expansion of the Jin Kingdom and the fight with Rao Le. At least in the Monan area, the Shanyang Taoist priests carried out attacks on the original Khitan citizens in the south.
Relatively proper placement and restraint, the defeated Khitan soldiers were reorganized according to the military order of the Privy Council. They had a more detailed understanding of the geography and climate of Monan and the Jin soldiers. They were organized and familiar with everything.
For the purpose of mobilizing troops.
Xiao Hui's army, which left Monan, was still just a partial force. The real big move of the imperial court was on the front line of the "Han-Jin" battle, Rao Le, in the Yanbei area. Dong Congyan, the commander of the Yanbei capital, was in the Battle of Xingguo
His performance in the war won Liu Wenji's trust and bold appointment, and he was directly appointed as the deployment capital of the Mobei camp. He led the Yanbei, Rao Le, Anton and part of the Shanyang border troops, with a total of 70,000 infantry and cavalry, to attack the Kingdom of Jin in the north.
Target Daze area (Hulun Lake).
Of course, Liu Wenji gave this reputation as the nominal commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition to King Raole Liu Xin as a kind of appeasement. However, the old prince had fallen ill after years of fierce battles with the Jin Kingdom and the siege of Xingguo. Therefore, Dong Cong
He was the actual coach of the Eastern Route Army.
As soon as Wang Shi launched his attack, the ground shook and the mountains shook. The two armies of Monan and Yanbei added up to an army of one hundred thousand. Only then did Liu Jin truly feel what it would be like to fight against a serious and powerful Central Empire.
What kind of experience, the victory in the past ten years has brought him some illusions, even if he thinks he is calm enough
When the Han army went north, Liu Jin was still stationed in the border town of Jing, and led his troops to eat and recover in Daze and the surrounding grasslands. The defeat of Xingguo was a big setback for him, but it was not a serious injury or death.
What was more serious was the subordinate soldier who had just been conquered. He was an elite member of the barbarian army, and his casualties were not serious.
Therefore, while the Han Empire was mobilizing in the northern frontier, Liu Jin was also recuperating and recuperating, gathering his troops, and preparing to take advantage of the autumn weather to move south again to regain his position. It coincided with the Han army moving north, which was exactly what Liu Jin wanted, and the Han army
If it comes to your doorstep, you can take advantage of the home field advantage to defeat it.
Liu Jin was not afraid of the approaching imperial coalition forces. He used his usual tactics and sent several cavalry groups southward in turns to harass the stagnant Han army, hoping to find opportunities among the "tired enemies".
Facts have proved that Dong Congyan's performance in the Battle of Xingguo was not a flash in the pan. He had already responded to the tactics of the Jin soldiers. He arranged the marching military formations, the tasks of the armies, and emergency preparation measures in an orderly manner. The Jin soldiers
The fatigue tactics worked, but not significantly.
Of course, the most critical point lies in the sufficient preparation of the Han army. The combination of infantry and cavalry is the traditional tactic of the Han army to deal with nomadic cavalry. This tradition was once again used by Dong Congyan.
The Jin army had few soldiers, so it came to send them off; the soldiers were large enough to resist them; if they came to attack, they would not be able to get what they wanted. Therefore, by the end of September, Dong Congyan's army, after a hard journey, finally succeeded in drinking horses in Daze and pointing to Jingbian City in the distance.
During this process, Liu Jin made many efforts, but he was unable to prevent the Han army from advancing, and it was difficult to find a truly advantageous fighter opportunity. He could only watch step by step as the dark clouds of the Han army shrouded the Daze grassland.
After entering the hinterland of Daze, the Han army became more active in action. The troops were divided into two groups. The general of the Andong Kingdom, Liu Shangyuan, led 20,000 cavalry to patrol and hunt in search of the main force of the Jin soldiers. Dong Congyan himself led the Chinese army.
Riding on foot, continue to advance towards Jingbian City.
Under this situation, Liu Jin finally chose to withdraw from Jingbian City and give it to Liu Shangyuan's army. Liu Jin fought several times with Liu Shangyuan, but never achieved his goal. First, Liu Shangyuan could fight, but the Han cavalry was difficult to annihilate. Second,
I didn't dare to put all my strength into it, for fear of being entangled by the Han cavalry and attracting the main force.
In a stalemate situation, the two sides struggled from autumn to winter. After winter, the weather became colder, and Liu Jin changed his tactics again. He abandoned the old and the weak, abandoned the Daze tribe, allowed them to avoid disaster, and assembled five
Wan Jingqi, who had prepared enough food and grass, hid and cut off the Han army's food route.
Liu Jin discovered that it was still very difficult to confront the Han army head-on. Even if he won, the casualties would be serious. Therefore, he planned to borrow the power of the "Eternal Life Sky". He couldn't know more about how terrifying Mobei is in the cold winter.
As for the 70,000 Han troops, it was extremely difficult to survive.
Liu Jin's judgment was not wrong, because in this winter, thousands of people froze to death and suffered frostbite in Jingbian City. However, the Han army on the East Route carried sufficient military rations before setting off. In addition to specialized auxiliary troops, each person had
The horses all lost three months of dry food. At the same time, in the early stages of the war, a steady stream of food and grass was delivered to the front line from Yannan to Yanbei to Raole. Although many were damaged by the Jin soldiers' attacks, those who successfully arrived at the front line were still
There is quite a bit of complement.
From the beginning of the cold wave, heavy snowfall, and the Jin soldiers avoiding the front, all Han armies, under Dong Congyan's order, carried out strict supply distribution and saved rations. Relying on Jingbian City, they survived the entire winter.
.
At the same time, the Han army that went on the expedition, whether it was Saibei, Raole, and Anton, did not tolerate cold as bad as Liu Jin imagined, especially the troops of Yanbei, Raole, and Anton.
Even so, the Han army died in thousands. After a while, the army also began to kill cattle, sheep and even horses. As an opponent, under the white sky, the Jin soldiers under the command of Liu Jin also suffered heavy casualties.
The power of heaven and earth is fair to everyone, it just depends on who can endure it better.
Of course, in this confrontation, the most miserable people should be the local tribesmen. They were abandoned by Liu Jin. Before abandoning them, a large amount of rations and livestock were confiscated. You can imagine the outcome waiting for them. For the sake of war, for
To defeat or even annihilate the Han army, Liu Jin desperately adopted the most extreme and cruel strategy.
Most of the people in Zebu had no choice but to surrender to the Han army in Jingbian City, hoping to obtain food rations and a chance to survive. However, the Han army did not even take care of themselves, so how could they care about the lives of these enemy troops.
War on the grasslands has always been cruel, which was caused by extremely harsh geographical and climatic conditions. In the spring of 12 years, when the temperature gradually warmed up and the ice and snow gradually melted, Liu Jin still failed to wait for the fighter he was looking forward to.
With adequate preparations, the Han army persisted despite many casualties, and actively and quickly dispatched troops to open up food routes. Under the escort of Han cavalry, the logistics troops from the Han Empire continued to cross thousands of miles towards Jingjing.
Food and grass were transported along the way.
Faced with this situation, the main force of the Jin soldiers commanded by Liu Jin was already on the verge of collapse. In the end, the battle of resisting the enemy turned into a battle of survival. After careful observation, he finally couldn't hold back and attacked a five-man army.
More than a thousand Han army logistics troops launched a surprise attack.
As expected, something unexpected happened. It was a bait set by Dong Congyan for Liu Jin. In a situation where the horse was thin and the hair was long, and the soldiers were short of food, the first major battle between Han and Jin since the war began, and it was also a decisive battle.
.
However, the scale of the battle was much smaller than the momentum at the beginning of the war. The Han army was divided into front and rear armies, with a total of more than 60,000 people, and the Jin army was less than 40,000. The result of the battle was that the Han army was completely victorious, and the Jin army was defeated miserably, and almost the entire army was wiped out.
In an almost desperate madness, many Jin soldiers were unwilling to escape and either died in battle or surrendered. Perhaps the biggest surprise was that Liu Jin, the temporarily dominant hero, also fell and died in an unknown force.
Under the arrows of any person or bow, he is neither heroic nor heroic.
Following Liu Jin's head, it was transported to Luoyang by Pegasus, and the Mobei Troubles also entered the final stage. This was a very unexpected result. Many imperial ministers could not understand why the Yunnan and Guizhou Rebellion lasted for three years.
Four years later, the Naiman Kingdom of Jin, which was obviously more powerful and difficult to deal with, was defeated by Dong Congyan in a single battle.
Of course, the pacification of Mobei was not achieved by the Eastern Route Army alone. When the Han and Jin sides were fighting fiercely in the Daze area, Xiao Hui had already led the Han cavalry to wipe out the central and western parts of Mobei. If it had not been for the weather,
The reason is that they all have to advance into the empty Naiman lair.
For the Han Empire, the greatest consumption in this war was not the loss on the Mobei battlefield, but the empire's mobilization of the north was not fully utilized, resulting in a large amount of non-battle losses and waste.
At the same time, the defeat of the Jin soldiers and the death of Liu Jin were only the beginning of the pacification of Mobei. The remaining chaos continued for more than three years, mainly caused by Liu Jin's descendants and the remaining Naiman tribes, who continued to cause trouble in Mobei.
However, in the 14th year of Jianlong's reign, Xiao Hui led Zhong Shiheng, Di Qing and other generals to sweep through the western part of the desert, flattening the Naiman tribes and conquering the Shijin Mountains. Only then did the vast area of Mobei once again enter a long-term state of stability.
Of course, the traces of the Naiman people in Mobei have not been completely eliminated. Some moved westward, some were annexed by the grassland ministers conferred by the imperial court, and some fled to the north and gradually merged with the Mengwu Shiwei in the lower reaches of the Hannan River.
After the collapse of the Naiman Jin Kingdom, the Mobei region was devastated and in chaos. This time, the empire did not continue to indulge a nomadic regime, but established a Mobei Protectorate that was directly under the jurisdiction of the imperial court, with a unified army.
, the governor and the tax department manage the local tribes separately.
The pacification of Mobei was one of the important signs that the Han Empire reached its peak under Liu Wenji's rule. At the same time, this war that affected almost the entire northern part of the empire mainly made two people, one Dong Congyan and the other Xiao Hui.
With special merit, he entered the Privy Council and became an important figure in the imperial military in the middle and late period of Liu Wenji's reign.
It was written in a hurry and completely deviated from the original idea.
Provide you with a reading experience with no wrong chapters and no out-of-order chapters. The first release of this book??????????.??????