In the spring of 1897, although the aviation craze started by Siegel and Carney was rising, it was a game for the rich after all. For the poor people, they still need to pay more attention to their own lives, such as aviation.
It's a high-end sport, just take a look.
According to a survey by the Italian government, Italy currently has 3.74 million workers, nearly three times more than the 1.29 million workers ten years ago. This fully demonstrates the development and growth of Italian industry in the past ten years. However, although Italy
The number of workers is growing, but the increase in wages of Italian workers is far from satisfactory.
Taking the textile industry, which currently has the largest number of workers in Italy, as an example, a skilled male textile worker's monthly salary is 140-160 lire, while that of a female worker is 110-130 lire.
As for child labor, due to the promotion of caring people, the Italian government strictly prohibits the recruitment of minors under the age of 16, otherwise a fine of 200,000 to 1 million lire will be imposed (200,000 lire for one child labor, with a maximum of 5 caps), so no factory in Italy dares to
Use child labor.
In terms of wages, the wages of Italian workers are twice as low as those of British textile workers, and about 75% lower than those of France next door. There is no way, Italy is a late-developing industrial country, so it can only use low prices as a weapon.
Find a place for your products.
Of course, as a factory worker, your salary is definitely lower than in surrounding countries.
Well, there is actually another reason, that is, Italy has a large number of unemployed people, and workers do not dare to ask for too much.
Because Italian agriculture is also undergoing capitalization.
Beginning in 1870, in northern Italy, capitalized large farms gradually occupied a dominant position in the northern region. In these large farms, hired workers were engaged in production labor, large-scale drainage and irrigation projects were built, new technologies and the use of
Chemical fertilizers and the specialization of agricultural production have been strengthened. Therefore, the total agricultural output in the northern region is now twice as high as in 1870.
In central and southern Italy, capitalized large farms have also developed and grown since 1880 and 1885 respectively. In central Italy, large farms have already occupied a dominant position, while in the south it is also accelerating, and it is expected that within five years
The large farms of southern Italy would also dominate.
The implementation of capitalized large farms has brought huge changes to the development of Italian agriculture. Italian agricultural products have increased by 64% since unification, and most of the credit comes from the promotion of capitalized large farms.
Of course, this also brings a side effect, that is, large farms do not require too many hired workers to operate. Large farms with more production materials only need half of the hired workers to complete the planting volume, and this has also led to an influx of landless farmers.
City.
The large influx of farmers will also impose a considerable burden on cities, and of course it will have a huge impact on workers and industry.
A large number of laborers have entered the city, accelerating Italy's industrialization. Of course, the most critical factor is the Italian government's continuous opening of vast markets. Italy's own domestic demand cannot support the country's industrialization process.
In fact, Italian industry has not fully absorbed the labor force that poured into the city. Here we have to mention the two reservoirs prepared by the Italian government for this purpose, Albania and Libya. Although at that time, because of the relocation of all the indigenous people in these two areas, there was a lot of trouble.
There was an uproar in the city, but it also freed up a flood pond for Italy.
The two places accepted a total of one million people, solving a lot of troubles for Italy. Of course, East Africa and Borneo also absorbed some. Therefore, during this period, Italy's foreign immigration (non-colonial immigration) did not increase much, from every year
Nearly 100,000 people, but increased to about 120,000.
Of course, including colonial immigrants, Italy’s annual immigration is about 200,000, which is also not low. To a certain extent, the colonies also played a role in population catharsis.
However, at this time, the population growth rate of various cities in Italy was not small. Taking Milan as an example, Milan's population increased from 330,000 to 490,000 in ten years, which is a considerable increase. In addition, Turin also increased from 250,000 to 490,000.
The current 330,000.
In addition, as the third largest city in Italy, Rome's population has also grown rapidly, from 300,000 to the current 460,000. The south is also good, with Palermo growing from 240,000 to 340,000, and Naples growing from 410,000 to 490,000.
The growth of urban population is also the result of economic growth.
Of course, the economy drives population growth equally well. The current birth rate in Italy is 31.8‰, the death rate is 19.7‰, and the natural growth rate is 12.1‰. However, considering that there are currently about 200,000 immigrants per year, the current annual population growth rate is not
Large, it fluctuates around 200,000.
However, the growth of Italy's local population is actually determined by industrialization. Industry cannot accommodate the excess population, which will naturally lead to the loss of population. However, it is currently very difficult for Italy to allow industry to further accommodate more people. Because
The exploitability of the market developed by Italy is about to bottom out.
At present, the overseas markets for Italian industrial products are mainly concentrated in the Far East, the Borneo colonies and the Balkan Peninsula. People in Western Europe have higher living standards, and Italy's price advantage is not easy to use (because of high tariffs).
Among them, the scale of the Far East market has almost been developed to the extreme in Italy, and it is no longer possible to continue to grow significantly. Of course, in terms of transit traders, such as the trade of raw silk, tung oil, bristle and other Far East specialties, Italy has potential.
Dig. However, these cannot solve the problem of Italian industrial products.
At this time, Italian industry needs to undergo transformation, and Rome also understands that the Italian economy has gradually transformed from an extensive economic growth model to an intensive economic growth model.
Of course, this is easier said than done. But for Italy, this must be done. Taking a step further will open up the world and allow Italian industrialization to embark on a prosperous road. Taking a step back is falling into a trap, leaving Italian industry to only
Falling into internal friction.
Insightful people in Italy also see this in their eyes.
For example, Pareto, a famous Italian economist, pointed out that if the pace of Italian industrial development is to be further improved, important enterprises must be selected for support.
This Pareto is the proposer of the 28 theory. Because he believes that important factors usually only account for a minority, while unimportant factors often account for the majority. Therefore, we only need to control the important minority to control the overall situation.
Reflected in the quantity ratio, it is roughly 2:8.
Does it feel a little familiar? Yes, this is the monopoly stage of the capital economy.
This economist is advocating the benefits of monopoly to Italy's economic development, and he is right. Monopoly does promote the Italian economy, but monopoly also brings harm.
