The transformation of regions into provinces is in full swing across the country, which is definitely a good thing for the development of Italy.
Of course, apart from Italy, the world situation is still changing.
Among them, in the Far East, Russia had promised to withdraw its troops from the Northeast. However, the British, who had already seen through the Russians' unfaithful nature, did not believe a word of it, so they turned around and found a thug for themselves, and the Anglo-Japanese Alliance Treaty was officially signed.
At first glance, the treaty is aimed at Russia, because the treaty stipulates that if the interests of both parties in China and North Korea are invaded by other countries or caused losses due to internal disturbances, either party can take necessary measures. If a party to the contracting country and other countries
When a war breaks out, the other side should strictly maintain neutrality. This is very illustrative.
Of course, for Japan, being able to form an alliance with the world's most powerful country is a major diplomatic victory worth celebrating.
They have long been dissatisfied with Russia occupying the Northeast and peeking at North Korea. Now that they have the full support of the British Empire, they have nothing to fear. They should prepare for a war with the Russians.
Well, the Japanese are now happy to be the dogs of the British Empire. As for the British, they are also satisfied with finding a thug to curb Russia's expansion in the Far East. Overall, this is beneficial to both countries.
outweighs the disadvantages.
The Russians in the Far East and the British Empire could find thugs, but in another war, the British Empire would have to rely on itself.
In the South African colony, the security war between the British Empire and the Boers continues. Facing the elusive Boer guerrillas, the mighty British Empire is overwhelmed. Even the world's number one British Empire is unable to withstand the power of modern guerrilla warfare.
In addition, European countries are increasingly criticizing and criticizing the UK.
As for the Boer guerrillas, due to the lack of supplies, the militia soldiers were malnourished, ragged, and morale was depressing. Their supplies had been exhausted and they could only rely on the spoils of war to survive.
So in 1902, the two parties were finally willing to sit down and have a serious talk.
In June 1902, Boer representatives representing the two Boer republics, 32 local militia groups and 165 guerrilla groups met in Vereeniging to discuss the future of war.
On June 24, the British representative Lord Milner came to Vereeniging and held a meeting with the Boer representative General Smuts.
During the meeting, Milner proposed twelve conditions for peace talks. The contents are:
The Boer field troops and armed citizens lay down their arms, surrender all guns and war materiel in their possession or under their control, terminate any further attempt to resist the Government of His Majesty King Edward VII, and recognize His Majesty the King as their lawful sovereign.
Boer prisoners of war who had sworn allegiance to the British Crown would be released immediately.
The personal freedom and property of the Boers are guaranteed to be inviolable.
General amnesty is granted except for certain violations of the customs of war.
English is the official language, but Afrikaans is spoken in schools and courts.
The Boers were allowed to keep firearms for self-defense, but they had to apply for a license.
Replace military control in the Transvaal and Orange with civil administration as soon as possible.
Establish a system of representative self-government in South Africa when conditions are ripe.
Any taxes levied to defray the costs of the war were not imposed on the newly conquered territories.
The British assisted the Boers in rebuilding their farms.
Provided compensation of three million pounds to damaged farmers and Boer citizens.
The main commanders of the Boer army were deprived of their citizenship rights, but they were not sentenced to death.
Faced with the British conditions, on June 30, 60 Boer representatives held a vote on whether to give up maintaining independence, and the result was 54 votes to 6. They decided to accept the most critical first article of the peace treaty. On June 31, the British Boer representatives
The two sides formally signed a peace treaty at Vereeniging.
The Anglo-Boer War, which lasted for 32 months, came to an end.
The Boer War, which greatly disgraced the British Empire, was finally over.
In this war, the United Kingdom spent a total of 240 million pounds, which was equivalent to the total financial revenue of the British Empire for more than two years, and was enough to build one hundred of the most powerful Elizabeth-class battleships.
In addition, the United Kingdom mobilized 450,000 troops for the two Boer countries, of which 256,000 were British regular troops, 109,000 British volunteers, 53,000 British colonial troops in South Africa, and 31,000 from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The United Kingdom passed the sea route
A total of 380,000 troops were transported to South Africa. In addition, 350,000 horses, 100,000 mules, 1.34 million tons of military equipment and other supplies were transported, and 1,027 ships were used. The United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and other countries participating in the war
A total of more than 33,600 Canadian troops were killed in action, and even more were injured.
After the Anglo-Boer War, Britain connected its colonies in southern Africa and controlled the corridor leading to the Great Lakes region in the heart of Africa. The Cape of Good Hope region, relying on the vast interior of South Africa, became one of the most important outposts of the British Overseas Empire.
In terms of economy, with the world's largest Rand gold mine controlled by the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom was able to control the lifeline of the global economy. Gold from South Africa made London quickly become the center of the global financial industry and gold trading.
However, the Second Anglo-Boer War also marked the end of the history of British overseas expansion. British politicians found that due to the high cost of modern wars, the practice of defending the overseas territories of the British Empire and the British mainland at the same time was economically and strategically
Not feasible.
Therefore, the United Kingdom should no longer maintain an isolation policy. After the Boer War, the United Kingdom began a strategic contraction on a global scale, transferring part of its overseas sphere of influence to white dominions such as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, and its own strategic focus shifted back to Europe.
.
However, at this time, the war between the British Empire and the Boers was an inspiration to all European countries. In this war, many important modern combat theories first emerged, or played an important role for the first time.
During the Boer War, the German General Staff sent military advisers to the Transvaal and Orange, and Switzerland, the Netherlands, France and other countries also sent military observers to South Africa.
Faced with the British army's large-scale and rapid corps mobilization with the help of railways and the overwhelming advantage of large corps in frontal combat, the German General Staff deepened its trust in the "total war" doctrine. Switzerland, on the other hand, based on the Boer's "all people as soldiers"
Military thinking, established its own unique national defense system.
In terms of combat theory, the Boer War once again put forward the theory of "popular war": every civilian who meets the service conditions is a soldier to be drafted, usually engaged in his own livelihood on farms and towns, and at a certain time of the year
They received short-term military training for a period of time, and after the war broke out, they quickly gathered and reported by region to form militia groups to participate in the war. For a small country with a relatively poor population and resources, since the military is not engaged in production in peacetime, military expenditures are very high, and it is impossible to regularly
Maintaining a standing army of a certain size, so adopting policies of nationwide mobilization, combining peacetime and wartime, and combining military and civilians, can solve certain difficulties.
The Italian Army also has its own opinions on the Boer War, such as modifying Italy's mobilization system and striving to allow Italy to have more mobilization forces after the war.
