In the Han Dynasty, the "inspection and promotion system" was implemented to recruit scholars. The great ancestor Liu Bang issued an edict to seek talents, requiring the prefectures and counties to recommend wise men and officials with the ability to govern the country. This was the beginning of the "inspection and promotion system".
Later, during the reign of Emperor Hui and Empress Lu, they went a step further and issued an edict of "filial piety and brotherhood". Filial piety means those who honor their parents and elder brothers, and Litian means those who are diligent in farming.
The real "inspection and examination system" was born at the hands of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, that is, the imperial edicts were "virtuous and upright", and the prefecture and county inspections were "filial, honest, and talented (maocai)". The central government and prefectures and counties directly selected officials from the private sector and low-level officials.
Talents have greatly expanded the country’s talent selection scope.
Although Xianliang, Fangzheng and other central special subjects were selected intermittently and did not form a regular system, they continued for hundreds of years. For example, the famous generals of this dynasty, Huangfu Gui and Zhang Huan in the "Liangzhou Sanming" were all
He once held a virtuous and upright person.
The "inspection and examination system" initiated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty selected scholars. In addition to the "virtuous and upright" imperial edicts and the "filial, honest, and talented" imperial edicts, there was also the "establishment of science and education" in Taixue.
At that time, the great scholar Dong Zhongshu pointed out in "Good Strategies for the Virtuous": "No one can be more successful in raising scholars than Taixue. Taixue is the gateway to the wise and the source of education."
Dong Zhongshu not only regarded Taixue as a place to cultivate talents, but also regarded it as a means of promoting education and a base for bureaucratic selection.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion and "established Doctors of the Five Classics, opened disciples, set up scientific and technical policies, and encouraged officials and salaries."
The so-called setting of subject-shooting strategies means that the test content is written in a simple strategy and divided into subjects A and subjects B according to the difficulty of the questions.
When Wang Mang came to power, he changed the two departments of A and B into three departments: A, B, and C. Forty people were recorded in the A department and were awarded to doctors; twenty people were recorded in the B department and were awarded to the princes;
Supplement literary anecdotes.
After Guangwu revitalized the Han Dynasty, he restored the system of A and B, and then made many changes, such as the adoption of "two-year-old one test" customization, the abolition of the names of A and B, and no limit on the number of people.
It is a pity that this method of selecting scholars is at best the same as that of virtuous and upright people, and it is just a supplement to the national selection of scholars.
Being filial, honest, and talented is the most important thing in the country, and it is also the most important way to become an official. This is also the fundamental reason why the folk custom of Lunpinzao in this dynasty is so prevalent.
After all, in order to be praised as a filial, honest and talented person, you must first have virtues that are known in the countryside. This requires the comments of famous people to make it famous.
Therefore, cunning and mediocre people either use tricks or rely on family members to influence local reviews and gain fame so that they can become officials. This is the nursery rhyme that is known to women and children: "If you promote a scholar, you don't know how to write. If you promote filial piety and honesty, your father will leave."
Han Su is as white and turbid as mud, and Gao Diliang is as timid as a chicken."
Chen Fan, Huang Wan and other knowledgeable people all wanted to rectify the atmosphere of the police. However, as soon as the matter got started, they were removed from office or even imprisoned because they violated the interests of the powerful.
The Nine-Rank Zhongzheng System, to put it bluntly, is nothing more than the state taking back the power of criticizing people from the hands of the people.
Unfortunately, this simply treats the symptoms rather than the root cause. The power of character criticism was ultimately monopolized by the gentry. So at the beginning of the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, Wei Guan, Liu Yi, Sima Liang and others wrote a letter requesting that they hinder the promotion of talents.
Sima Yan ultimately did not agree to the abolition of the Nine-Rank Zhongzheng System out of the need to rule.
Liu Jing became an official in Changsha because of his "working hard to support customers" and "quality of books to save his neighbors".
However, as a person of later generations who is familiar with the historical process, he knows that selecting scholars by rank is a wrong path, and the nine-rank Zhongzheng system is going further and further on this wrong path.
History has proved that the imperial examination system is the right way. Liu Jing can learn from the imperial examination system and improve the official examinations to pave the way for the real imperial examination system in the future.
Song Zhong heard that Liu Jing intended to refer to Taixue, and made plans to recruit scholars. He nodded and said: "The scholars, the rituals of governing chaos, are also the great teachings of saints. It has been more than ten years since Liu Jingzhou established the school in the early Ping Dynasty.
, Nowadays, there are not a few people who have achieved academic success, enough to share the country's worries."
Liu Jing smiled and said to Song Zhong, Qi Wukai, Sima Hui and others: "Then I would like to ask you sir and all the gentlemen to select the "Five Classics" to ask difficult questions and write down strategies. I plan to admit a hundred people for this exam.
Interviews were conducted to determine the final ranking, among which 20 people from Section A served as the shogunate, and 80 people from Section B served as prefectures and counties."
Speaking of this, Liu Jing paused and then said: "Although the study of Confucian classics is the foundation of the country, the Han family's laws are originally mixed with the king's domineering approach. In addition to the Tong Jing, it is better to add a subject of Mingfa."
Mingfa is one of the special national subjects. The national special subjects include not only being virtuous and upright, but also Mingfa, Mingjing, literature, and even the art of war, Yin and Yang, disasters, and so on.
Therefore, although Song Zhong, Qi Wukai, Sima Hui and others were a little surprised about Liu Jing's addition of Mingfa, they did not speak out against it.
Liu Jing then discussed the specific details with Song Zhong, Qi Wukai, Sima Hui and others, then stood up and walked out of the hall, climbed onto the grand podium, faced thousands of students sitting on the floor, and said slowly:
"You are all handsome men in the country. You are in official school, so you don't have to worry about taxes and servitude. You can drink wine, compose poems, and travel around all day long."
Students of official schools had no tax and no worries about serving. They neither paid tax (poll tax) nor served (labor service). This was a privilege given to them by the state. Therefore, the number of Taipei students increased from thousands to more than 30,000.
Therefore, within the four seas, schools are like forests and buildings are crowded with gates.
As soon as Liu Jing's words came out, they were quite sarcastic. From Song Zhong onwards, teachers and students of the official school all looked at each other, and the scene was completely silent.
Liu Jing glanced at the audience solemnly and continued: "The ancients said: 'If you are poor, you can be good for yourself; if you are rich, you can help the world.' Today, the world is in chaos, and the country is late. All the kings are well-educated people, and they understand the classics and meanings clearly. How can they bear the decline of China?
, all the people are in ruins and are left outside the world?"
"I was born in the south of the Yangtze River. There was no war, so I was stubborn when I was young. I didn't seek to understand anything in my studies. When I got older and saw the misery in the world, I began to have the intention to revive the Han Dynasty and clarify my ambitions. Even though I was in the market, I still couldn't
He changed his mind and was respected by Zhang Changsha, who made him the magistrate of Ling County."
"Later, there was civil strife in Jingzhou. Within a few years, Changsha fell into ruins, the fields were filthy, and the people were in dire straits. In order to save the people of Jingnan from the fire and water, they launched an army angrily, quelled the turmoil, and restored Jingnan. Now it is the junction of Nanping and Jingzhou in the north.
, The place is thousands of miles away, and one hundred thousand armors are enough to show one's ambition."
"I am here today to open up the subjects of A and B to recruit scholars and select handsome men to help the world with me. "The Book of Changes" said: 'The way of a gentleman may come from a certain place, or be silent or speak." Confucius said: 'A gentleman's way
Hey, Zang Boyu, if the country has the Way, then he will be an official, but if the country does not have the Way, he will be an official. If you think you can still assist, you may as well make plans according to your talents, and get into the subjects of A and B. Then I will be in the state department.