New drugs, especially specific drugs that are effective in treating tumors, are generally extremely expensive. This is something that cannot be helped because the cost of research and development of new drugs is extremely high. Pharmaceutical companies invest heavily in the research and development of new drugs, and the risks are also extremely high.
In the pharmaceutical industry, there is a "Thirty Rule" for the research and development of new drugs: the research and development of new drugs takes an average of 10 years and costs US$1 billion, and the success rate is less than 10%.
Take the R&D investment in the most popular oncology and immune drugs as an example. Someone has calculated that among 20 new drug samples, the average investment amount is as high as 4.46 billion US dollars.
Since there is such a large investment, such high risks, such a long research and development cycle, and there is not enough profit stimulation, no one is willing to do such a thing. Once a new drug is launched, the price will inevitably be extremely high, and pharmaceutical companies need to recover it as quickly as possible.
costs, rather than making money slowly.
For example, when new anti-tumor drugs are launched on the market, pharmaceutical companies did not even think about poor people using them at first. They just wanted to make money from the rich as soon as possible.
Although some pharmaceutical giants in Europe and the United States have been reviled by the world, it is undeniable that without them taking the lead, other companies would not even have targets for imitation. Without original drugs, there would be no cheap generic drugs.
Although the current market competition mechanism for new drugs and new medical devices has many shortcomings, it is relatively reasonable and there is currently no alternative mechanism.
This 1.2 million one-shot medicine, Akilenza Injection, belongs to CAR-T cell therapy. It is a cell therapy product produced in China by my country's Fosun Kite Company with the introduction of American technology. Therefore, the price is relatively cheap. It is also the first in my country. Cell therapy products.
There are currently five CAR-T cell therapy products on the market in the world, namely Kymriah, Yescarta, Tecartus, Breyanzi and Abecma. Among these drugs, the most expensive is Kymriah, which is priced at US$4.75 million in the United States and US$313,000 in Japan.
Dollar.
CAR-T is not a standardized assembly line preparation, but a personalized cell therapy method that requires each patient to generate CAR-T cells individually.
Its preparation process requires high requirements, and the preparation process requires strict quality control and quality testing. The entire preparation process takes one month.
General immune T cells are extracted from the patient's body and transported to the preparation laboratory using cold chain throughout the process. The laboratory uses genetic engineering technology to modify the patient's T cells to form CAR-T cells and massively expand these CAR-T cells.
, after strict quality control and quality inspection, the CAR-T cells are returned to the hospital through cold chain transportation and injected into the patient through injection.
Once CAR-T cells encounter tumor cells expressing corresponding antigens in the patient's body, the CAR-T cells will be activated and amplified, exerting their huge specific killing power and eliminating tumor cells.
The cost of training workers for manufacturing CAR-T cells is also expensive. The average training cost per worker is 300,000 yuan, which shows the high cost.
Yang Ping has his own ideas. He has strong personal research and development capabilities and can single-handedly drive the entire pharmaceutical industry forward. However, he must not destroy the healthy competition mechanism of the entire industry. Once this mechanism is destroyed, he will have to wait until he is old.
On that day, the entire pharmaceutical market will be chaotic and disabled, and it will take a long time to rebuild this dynamic mechanism.
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In the system space laboratory, Yang Ping's three experiments were carried out at the same time. Thanks to the rewards given by 13 CNS articles and the creation of the "Medicine" journal system, the huge points allowed Yang Ping to carry out three operations at the same time.
The huge space laboratory is divided into three areas by Yang Ping. The K factor research in the tumor laboratory is progressing smoothly. Follow Yang Ping's experimental steps: find K factor - analyze K factor - synthesize K factor - use K factor
Now the third step has been completed and the fourth step has been completed. K factor can be synthesized artificially. Now the experiment has entered the fourth step, which is also the most difficult step. Only after completing this step can K factor enter clinical practice.
This method of killing tumors was named K therapy by Yang Ping, which is also called apoptosis therapy.
CAR-T therapy is a cell therapy that utilizes the principle of immunity. It uses T cells in the human body to modify the T cells.
Yang Ping's K therapy uses the apoptosis mechanism of human cells to control the apoptosis mechanism of tumor cells, initiate the apoptosis program of tumor cells, and kill tumor cells.
If all previous targeted tumor treatments were to start from the outside, accurately identify tumor cells, and then use various methods to kill them.
Yang Ping's K therapy starts from inside the tumor cells. It allows the tumor cells to awaken themselves, start the self-destruction process, and commit collective suicide. This is a natural way for the human body to eliminate "rebellious" cells.
Yang Ping made various modifications to K factors so that they can pass through the blood circulation smoothly and safely, and finally combine with tumor cells in some way to initiate the apoptosis program of tumor cells.
The cost of trial and error is huge. Yang Ping makes a modification once and then tries it again. This is repeated over and over again. No matter how much system space time is consumed, it is already insignificant when converted into real time.
If in a real laboratory, this kind of trial and error is extremely labor-intensive and time-consuming. For example, in the initial molecular discovery of monoclonal antibody drugs, finding an antibody requires a certain method step by step in an antibody library of 1 billion or even 10 billion.
Screening, and finally selecting an antibody to make a monoclonal antibody drug, there are at least 1,000 steps in this process, and no mistakes can be made in each of these 1,000 steps.
A pharmaceutical company in my country developed a monoclonal antibody drug. It took 7 years and more than 3,000 days and nights to successfully develop it. Many times it encountered difficulties and had to start over.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Different from the real laboratory, in the system space laboratory, Yang Ping's trial and error cost is extremely low, because the system space has a huge time advantage and countless
The robot arm assists the work, so Yang Ping only needs to set up the experimental program and leave everything to the system panel. He only needs to enter the system space regularly to check. Once a problem is found, readjust it. And if it is just a trial and error operation, Yang Ping can continue
There is no need to look, this road is blocked, the system panel will direct the robotic arm to automatically enter the next route.
For example, when screening antibodies from an antibody library, the experimental steps are directly set up, and the system panel directs the robotic arm to screen continuously. Yang Ping only needs to lie down in the laboratory to rest.
The huge system laboratory has expanded to the size of several football fields. With various instruments spread out on the flat surface and a high dome, Yang Ping felt for the first time how grand his space laboratory was. Those dexterous and delicate octopuses
The hands work tirelessly and are responsible for all the physical labor in the laboratory.
The machines here will never break down, never need to take a break, and can continue to work smoothly.
The system panel is like a loyal servant, managing a huge laboratory and performing massive data processing every moment. The data from each instrument in the laboratory is sent back to the panel for various calculations.
The walls of the laboratory are made of transparent glass, surrounded by magnificent natural scenery, including mountain waterfalls, giant waves of the sea, boundless wilderness, and mysterious forests. Now Yang Ping likes this laboratory more and more.
Yang Ping's "Medicine" journal is actually an online paper publishing platform. It has no concept of time. You can upload your own paper at any time, day or night. After being reviewed by the editor, it can be published publicly. The editorial board will publish the weekly paper.
The collection of papers has been turned into a paper publication. The paper publication is only used for archiving and does not need to be disseminated.
Since publishing 13 CNS articles, Yang Ping has never published a paper in other journals. All his subsequent papers were published in "Medicine", such as the later research on tumor apoptosis and skin amplification. These research stages
All sexual papers are published in "Medicine", so that one can make one's scientific research results public as quickly as possible, declare one's intellectual property rights, and spread them to the world at the same time.
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Li Ruizhong showed up at Professor Zhang's door at eight o'clock the next morning. He only believed in Professor Zhang and was unwilling to go to any other department to continue diagnosis and treatment.
Anyway, the Institute of Surgery can accept any kind of patient. It is a clinical department with a research nature, and it is an entity that combines scientific research and clinical practice.
Li Ruizhong is the breadwinner of the family. Now that he finds out that he has this kind of disease, he will definitely not be able to bear the shock.
Professor Zhang patiently explained to him the details of the disease in a simple and easy-to-understand manner, telling him not to worry and that his condition had not yet reached its most serious stage.
To this end, Professor Zhang also contacted the Department of Hematology and Oncology to help contact the contact information of several cured patients, hoping that Li Ruizhong could chat with these patients and strengthen his determination to defeat the disease.
After this "brainwashing", Li Ruizhong became more open-minded and gained confidence. He was very grateful to Professor Zhang.
"Professor Zhang, thank you very much. When you say this, this disease is really not a problem."
"Treat me well. You are the backbone of the family. You will faint when you faint. You have to stand still, you know?"
''I can't accept this right now, oh, I have to pay you back yesterday's room fee and lunch money."
''No, no, we are friends now, treat me as a treat, and the Sanbo Hotel belongs to our hospital, and the lunch boxes are also from the hospital cafeteria. I am an expert. These can be reimbursed and cost nothing. It's okay."
"real?"
"real."
''Professor Zhang, I live in your building, you can help me issue a hospitalization certificate, and you can help me with treatment."
"Okay, we will try our best to help you save money, but you still have to spend it. Money is earned by people. Once the disease is cured, you can make more money in the future, so that you can keep the green hills and don't have to worry about running out of firewood."
Once this person's concept changes, his energy and spirit will be different. Yesterday Li Ruizhong's eyes were still dull, but today he is full of confidence.
"Xiao Li, let me tell you, this person only lives for one breath. You can't let go of your breath. Everything is easy to handle. Is there anything about the expenses?"
"Professor Zhang, I called the factory director and asked for an advance payment of part of my salary. The factory director said he would help me go to the factory to raise some donations. With the addition of medical insurance, I should be able to survive, right?"
"You still have some status in the factory."
''I'm an electric welder. I started doing this when I was 16 years old. I've been doing this for more than 20 years, and my skills are still somewhat good. The boss really hasn't hired anyone better than me."
"You are a skilled worker!"
"He's just a welder, some kind of technical worker."
"You can't say that. You are a skilled worker now. The country is in urgent need of talents. Are you a high school graduate?"
"Junior high school. After graduating from junior high school, you come out and do this with others."
"Xiaoli, I speak more directly. Don't mind. You are now an experienced technical worker, but your theoretical knowledge is a bit lacking. You will have to strengthen your study in this area in the future and find ways to conduct on-the-job learning to improve your culture and academic qualifications.
, In a situation like yours, if your theory and culture improve and your wages increase several times, now large enterprises such as shipyards are recruiting powerful welders everywhere. If your theory improves, your understanding of welding technology will be different, and the technology will also change.
You need to improve, otherwise you will always stand still.”
"Professor Zhang, when you say this, I really think it is like this. When I first came out, a fellow worker worked with me as an electric welder. He was studying at a college while working. Now he is working in a shipyard.
Welders, I heard they earn tens of thousands a month."
''That's the truth, you have to improve, learn to improve yourself, and plan things well. In fact, you spend money on smoking and drinking, and it doesn't cost much to enroll in an on-the-job college."
''I'm already 38, is it too late?"
"It's too late. If you start now, won't you be in your 40s in three years? If you retire, you can still work for twenty years. If you are in good health after retirement, you can continue to work. Look at me, I won't continue to work in my eighties.
Make money by living, if you have skills, you won’t be afraid.”
"After I was cured, I saved money to study. Professor Zhang, I worked until I was over eighty."
In Professor Zhang's clinic, through this kind of chat, Li Ruizhong not only built up confidence in the disease, but also had a completely different view on his life. He felt like he had been injected with chicken blood, and now he felt energetic all over his body. He decided to cure it
After getting sick, I studied while working and studied my welding skills.
He felt that in the past twenty years, he had lived in a haphazard manner, completely drifting with the trend. It would have been nice if he had had someone like Professor Zhang to guide him when he was young, so that he would not have been stuck in the same place.
''Thank you Professor Zhang!"
When the hospitalization certificate was issued, Li Ruizhong raised his hand and bowed, packed his things and prepared to go to the hospital.
''Come down and chat when you have time."
"Okay!"
Xiao Lin, a graduate student who had been sitting next to him and following the doctor, was stunned. Yesterday, Li Ruizhong was still dumbfounded and even had thoughts of committing suicide. Why was he so energetic today? Professor Zhang was so powerful that he could change the patient's mind. This is a great doctor.
After Li Ruizhong left, Professor Zhang said to Xiao Lin: "We as doctors can not only treat diseases, but also help patients build confidence. That is, we can not only treat physical diseases, but also help them change their ideas in their minds, such as this
If patients cannot build up confidence in treatment and give up treatment, some may even commit suicide."
Dr. Xiao Lin admired Professor Zhang's "brainwashing" skills very much. If it hadn't been for Professor Zhang's "brainwashing", Li Ruizhong would not have been so happy to be hospitalized for treatment.
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Li Ruizhong happily came to the ward of the Institute of Surgery for hospitalization. Sometimes people need to be "brainwashed" so that they have faith, goals, and motivation.
Patients hospitalized at the Institute of Surgery are mainly surgical, and it is very rare for patients to receive only medical treatment without surgery.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the most common type. It is one of the few tumors that can be completely cured.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the most common malignant tumor of lymphatic hematopoietic tissue. It can be caused by factors such as infection, genetics, immunity and environment. The main symptom is severe lymph node distension throughout the body. Chemotherapy is the main treatment, but the most effective treatment method is
It is 1.2 million shots of CAR-T cell therapy.
Originally, the main symptoms of this disease are painless progressive lymphadenopathy and local masses, but some people have atypical symptoms.
Li Ruizhong's symptoms are atypical. His lymphadenopathy is not very obvious. The most prominent symptom is wandering joint pain in his limbs. Doctors rarely perform systemic examinations during physical examinations, such as not palpating the whole body.
lymph nodes, and the migratory pain in multiple joints throughout the body is so obvious, so the doctor must seize this prominent symptom for examination.
When Li Ruizhong found Professor Zhang, Professor Zhang's consultation was very detailed, and then he almost did a systematic palpation of the whole body. He felt that the lymph nodes in the groin were still swollen, because the slightly swollen lymph nodes were not painful.
, Li Ruizhong didn't care, Professor Zhang did a color ultrasound of his lymph nodes, which showed that they were still swollen.
So Professor Zhang performed a lymph node puncture on him. After the puncture examination, it turned out to be diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After comparing the pathological diagnosis with all the symptoms, it was basically consistent, and it was this disease.
Li Ruizhong's supervising doctor is Dr. Zhao Wenbo, a rotating master's student with excellent academic performance and work performance. He and Li Guodong often argue about academic issues, but their private relationship is still fine, and the academic disputes have not affected their personal friendship as colleagues.
Under the guidance of Professor Zhang, Li Ruizhong did not eat breakfast when he was hospitalized so that he could complete some routine blood tests during hospitalization as soon as possible.
After the operation in the afternoon, Yang Ping conducted individual ward checks on newly admitted patients and key patients with complex conditions. Because Li Ruizhong needed medical treatment, Yang Ping paid special attention to it.
Conventional treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is mainly chemotherapy. Because CAR-T cell therapy is expensive, it is generally used for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
In fact, there are some diseases that are considered terminal illnesses by ordinary people, but they can be cured. However, these cure methods are too expensive and not popular, making them inaccessible to ordinary people.
When heart transplant surgery first appeared, ordinary people had no way to treat end-stage heart disease. However, American billionaire David Rockefeller had already begun to use heart transplants to save his life. He had six heart transplants in his life and lived to be one year old.
One hundred and one years old.
At that time, the technology of heart transplantation had just come out, and because the cost was too high, this cutting-edge treatment method would not be available to general hospitals.
Yang Ping's ideal is to use his own system to reduce research and development costs so that ordinary people can enjoy the latest and most cutting-edge medical treatments and avoid suffering as much as possible.
He decided to treat this patient with cell therapy and use his own cheap method.
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