Chapter 442 Professional academic crushing (please subscribe)
"Dr. Zhou, this is what we are more curious about. Dr. Zhou, what do you think?" Ningling immediately began to ask for advice.
To learn, you need to know what is happening, and you need to know why it is happening before you can go further.
Although Zhou Cheng has given a sufficiently systematic treatment plan, it still has flaws and cannot have broad-spectrum applicability.
Zhou Cheng glanced at Professor Ding Changle. Professor Ding Changle did not speak, but also listened.
Zhou Chengcheng began to say: "Professor Ding, Professor Ning, I will waste your time a little bit, so I want to talk about some of my thoughts on diabetic foot."
“Currently, the world’s understanding of treatment options for diabetic foot is roughly at these levels.”
"This is my personal way of thinking. Treatment principles are an outline and an overall framework, which we can discover through analysis."
"Control blood sugar: Control blood sugar through regular diet control, drug treatment or insulin injection, so as to avoid damage to nerves and blood vessels caused by high blood sugar. We cannot go further on this point, or we do not have enough basis to discover and
Creating new blood sugar-lowering drugs."
"Second point, infection control: For diabetic foot infections that have already occurred, antibiotics, surgery and other treatment measures should be applied promptly. Antimicrobial spectrum and antibiotics are also matters of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Pharmacology, and we cannot improve them in a short time.
.”
"Wound debridement is a basic skill, and it is difficult for us to improve the texture. So, under this premise, we found that if we want to make a fuss about diabetic foot, we can only collect data first.
Great current research progress!”
When Zhou Cheng said this, he saw Ningling and Ding Changle beginning to signal their students to start taking notes. The following will be some of Zhou Cheng's ideas for starting a new topic, which is very meaningful for learning.
Zhou Cheng has done very well in clinical and scientific research, so how to get a scientific research direction will be a very important part.
Zhou Chengcheng deliberately slowed down his speech, knowing that in addition to being a doctor, he also had to learn to be a good teacher.
"Professor Ding, Professor Ning, do you mind if I write a little something?"
After hearing this, Ding Changle immediately expressed his position: "Xiao Zhou, just do it, your teaching mode is mainly you, we are just listeners. Do whatever you like."
Zhou Cheng immediately began to say: "The treatment of diabetic foot has always been one of the clinical problems. With the continuous advancement of medical technology and the deepening of research, some new treatment options have been applied and promoted. The following are some research results on diabetic foot treatment.
progress--"
"Cell therapy: In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that using the patient's own stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells can promote the healing of diabetic foot wounds and has good safety and efficacy.
"Application of biomaterials: Some biomaterials, such as collagen, biofilm, etc., can be used for wound repair and healing. These materials can promote wound healing, reduce infection rates, and can be absorbed by own tissues.
"Ultrasound therapy: Studies have shown that ultrasound therapy can promote wound healing, reduce inflammatory reactions, and improve the redox state of the wound.
"Gene therapy: In recent years, gene therapy has also been used to a certain extent in the treatment of diabetic foot, such as using gene transfection technology to treat diabetic foot wounds.
"Artificial intelligence technology: Some current studies have shown that the use of artificial intelligence technology can make more accurate judgments and choices for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot, and improve the effect of treatment."
Zhou Cheng began to show his strong knowledge reserve and all the cognitive skills of a perfect skill. In just a few moments, he showed that Zhou Cheng had read hundreds of documents, at least. With just a few, he could write a review.
come out.
When Ding Changle and Ningling heard this, they began to panic and become confused.
Fortunately, it was Zhou Cheng who laid out the outline, so when Ding Changle and Ningling walked next to Zhou Cheng, they could probably get some direction from the outline.
"Biological materials and stem cells are the hottest topics, but it is a difficult process to directly apply materials to clinical applications and it takes a long time. Therefore, the next breakthrough point that we can directly apply and simple is cell therapy."
Zhou Cheng drew a circle while analyzing.
Then on cell therapy, a skill tree was made:
"Stem cell treatment: Some studies have shown that using the patient's own stem cells, such as bone marrow stem cells, adipose stem cells, etc., can promote the healing of diabetic foot wounds and has good safety and efficacy. At the same time, stem cells can also differentiate into different types of
Cells, such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts, etc., can promote tissue repair and regeneration."
"Stem cells are also divided into many types."
"Hematopoietic stem cell treatment: Studies have shown that using the patient's own hematopoietic stem cells can promote the healing of diabetic foot wounds, and can improve angiogenesis and blood perfusion, thereby promoting tissue regeneration.
"Mesenchymal stem cell treatment: Research shows that mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts, etc., and can promote tissue repair and regeneration. At the same time, mesenchymal stem cells can also secrete some growth factors,
Such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), etc., which can promote angiogenesis and tissue repair.
“Neural stem cell therapy: Research shows that the use of neural stem cells can promote nerve regeneration and repair in diabetic feet, thereby improving the sensory and motor functions of the foot.
"According to current research, hematopoietic stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cell types, and can continuously renew and repair damaged tissues and organs. They are also the most accessible type of stem cells for us."
"When we sorted out and collected the functions of hematopoietic stem cells, we found that they can promote the formation of new blood vessels and repair damaged blood vessels, improve the blood supply and oxygen supply to tissues, and thus promote wound healing.
"Then when we inquire about the basic theory of the application of hematopoietic stem cells in diabetic foot, we can sort out several points."
"Wang Huan: You should focus on taking notes. When you go back, do a good search of the relevant documents and do some sorting of the documents -"
"Hematopoietic stem cells can secrete a variety of growth factors and cytokines, promote tissue regeneration and repair, and reduce tissue inflammation and fibrosis."
"Hematopoietic stem cell treatment of diabetic foot can improve immune system function, reduce inflammation levels, reduce tissue damage and inflammatory response, thereby promoting wound healing."
"Hematopoietic stem cell treatment for diabetic foot can improve the body's own repair ability, promote tissue regeneration and repair, and prevent complications such as tissue necrosis and infection."
"These are popular principles. Let's go deeper into physiological principles. Because these are what we need to use when communicating. Peer communication is just like what we just analyzed and exchanged ideas. We need to go into it in depth.
level."
Zhou Cheng is now very proficient in knowledge reserve, and his teaching level has reached a certain level. Therefore, when giving demonstrations, the knowledge reserve that can be released is extremely huge.
This will be his first project at Shonan University Hospital and his first bid, so he must show strong dominance.
Zhou Cheng has such energy now! No need to hide it.
However, we must also proceed further and lead our own team based on some existing research foundations in reality.
Ningling came from surgical surgery. Zhou Cheng must let him know that it is absolutely right to follow him. Others may think that Ningling is at a disadvantage, but Zhou Cheng wants Niling to see that I may be young, but
My abilities are not the youth version.
"Here are the principles of physiology:"
"After sorting out the data, we found that hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including endothelial cells and fibroblasts. These cells can participate in wound healing and new blood vessel formation.
"Hematopoietic stem cells can secrete a variety of growth factors and cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), etc. These factors can promote angiogenesis and wound healing.
"Hematopoietic stem cells can regulate immune system function, reduce inflammatory response and fibrosis, and reduce the risk of wound infection.
"Through these principles, we can find that when hematopoietic stem cells are used to treat diabetic foot, the gene targets involved mainly include the following aspects:"
Everyone began to think wildly, like listening to a book from heaven. They could only follow the rhythm of Zhou Cheng's thoughts. They had no idea about the details of the content and had no idea where Zhou Cheng was talking about.
But fortunately, Zhou Cheng made a pointer to each one, so he could barely keep up:
"Angiogenesis-related gene targets, such as VEGF, BMP, etc. These genes can promote the formation of new blood vessels and repair damaged blood vessels, improve the blood supply and oxygen supply to tissues, thereby promoting wound healing.
"Inflammation response-related gene targets, such as IL-10, TNF-α, etc. These genes can regulate immune system function, reduce inflammatory response and fibrosis, and reduce the risk of wound infection.
"Tissue repair and regeneration related gene targets, such as MMP, TGF-β, etc. These genes can promote tissue regeneration and repair, reduce tissue inflammation and fibrosis.
"Cell proliferation and differentiation-related gene targets, such as Wnt, Notch, etc. These genes can promote cell proliferation and differentiation, thereby accelerating wound healing and tissue regeneration."
"However, the above are just some of the initial regulatory mechanisms that we can obtain at the basic level in the laboratory. There are still more detailed contents about the regulation of these targets that we need to discover and prove."
When Zhou Cheng said this, he drew a circle.
"If we say that all knowledge systems on the Internet are like this, then regarding the treatment of diabetic foot, in terms of stem cell therapy, it has reached a critical point. The following is what we want to continue to develop.
"
"Hematopoietic stem cell treatment of diabetic foot can promote angiogenesis and repair by up-regulating or down-regulating the expression of some vascular survival-related gene targets, thereby improving the symptoms of diabetic foot patients. The following are some of the gene targets involved and their upstream and downstream regulation:
"VEGF (r endothelial growth factor): VEGF is an important angiogenic factor that can promote the proliferation, migration and lumen formation of endothelial cells. Transcription factors that can regulate the expression of VEGF include HIF-1α, SP1, AP-
1, etc. At the same time, the VEGF signaling pathway also involves multiple pathways such as PI3K/AKT, MEK/ERK, JAK/STAT, etc.
"Ang-1 (angiopoietin-1): Ang-1 is a factor closely related to angiogenesis and stability. It can promote the interaction between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and maintain the integrity of blood vessels. The expression of Ang-1 can
Regulated by TGF-β, Notch and other signaling pathways.
"HGF (hepatocyte growth factor): HGF is a factor that promotes angiogenesis and repair. It can promote the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and promote the interaction between vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The expression of HGF can be controlled by transcription factors such as HIF-
1α, AP-1 and other regulation.
"CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4): CXCR4 is a G protein-coupled receptor that can participate in the migration and directional differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. The expression of CXCR4 can be regulated by factors such as VEGF and HGF.
"EPO (erythropoietin): EPO is a factor that promotes erythropoiesis and can also promote angiogenesis and repair. The expression of EPO can be regulated by factors such as HIF-1α."
"For now, if we target the first of the above different pathways, the VEGF pathway, then the VEGF pathway has the following points..."
"Expression: VEGF is a protein produced by a variety of cells, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, T lymphocytes, etc. Under stimulation such as ischemia and hypoxia, the expression of VEGF will increase significantly.
"Receptor: VEGF mainly conducts signal transduction through its receptor VEGFR (VEGF receptor). VEGFR includes three types: VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, of which VEGFR-2 is the main receptor for VEGF signal transduction.
.
"Downstream molecules of transduction: After VEGF binds to its receptor VEGFR, it promotes angiogenesis and vascular regeneration by activating downstream molecules. Downstream molecules include Ras, Raf, MEK, ERK, PI3K, AKT, etc. These molecules can promote endothelial growth after activation.
Cell proliferation, migration and lumen formation promote the formation and maturation of new blood vessels.
"Negative regulation of the VEGF pathway: Excessive activation of the VEGF signaling pathway may lead to adverse consequences, so a negative regulatory mechanism is needed to control its activity. For example, VEGF's soluble receptor sVEGFR can bind to VEGF, thereby inhibiting its activation of VEGFR, thereby controlling
The intensity and duration of its signaling…
"..."
"..."
Time flew by and half an hour passed.
There was total silence in the entire shift room, with only Zhou Cheng performing.
"Let me analyze the production of hematopoietic stem cells and the conditions we have."
“The preparation process of hematopoietic stem cells to treat diabetic foot includes the following steps:
“Source of hematopoietic stem cell collection: Hematopoietic stem cells can be collected from bone marrow, peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood.
"Isolation and enrichment of hematopoietic stem cells: Use cell separation technology or negative screening technology to separate and enrich hematopoietic stem cells from other cells.
"Cultivation and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells: The isolated hematopoietic stem cells are cultured and expanded to obtain a sufficient number of cells for treatment.
"Identification and screening of cells: Identify and screen the expanded hematopoietic stem cells to ensure that the purity and function of the cells meet the therapeutic requirements.
"Cryopreservation and preservation of cells: Cryopreservation and preservation of cells required for treatment for subsequent use.
“Cell infusion: Infuse the cells required for treatment, usually through intravenous injection, to deliver the cells into the patient’s body to treat diseases such as diabetic foot.
"Our hospital does not lack equipment, laboratories, and experimental team members. It just lacks the people to do this part and spend the time."
"And I generally estimate that we can complete this topic within half a year, and then sort out the regulatory upstream points of the first therapeutic target for hematopoietic stem cells to treat diabetic foot."
"Wang Huan, what do you think?" Zhou Cheng did not dare to ask Ningling and Ding Changle.
Wang Huan was confused, nodded, and then shook his head.
But after shaking his head, Wang Huan noticed that Zhou Cheng's brows furrowed and he quickly nodded again. He was shocked.
Zhou Cheng looked at Ningling, who giggled along with him.
Zhou Cheng looked at Ding Changle again and found that Ding Changle had his eyes slightly closed. Then after feeling Zhou Cheng's mocking gaze, he quickly said: "Xiao Zhou, you did a good job and what you said was also very good."
"There are many diabetic foot patients, and the research is relatively in-depth and thorough. We must build a diabetic foot treatment center in central China and make exemplary case treatment points."
Ding Changle spoke with confidence and a strong voice.
Zhou Cheng sniffed and said, "Professor Ding, I think we can be bolder and stop focusing on this area in Central China."
"Professor Ding, Professor Ning, I only have one person now, and one student Wang Huan, plus at most Professor Cai's student Du Yanjun here and a junior brother, so I hope that if you are interested in this topic
, classmates or fellow seniors, if you are willing to come over, you can come over and help."
"After all, the project is done in a group. One or two people cannot complete such a big project."
As soon as Zhou Cheng finished speaking, someone immediately took a step forward.
He looked at Ding Changle with both eyes, but didn't notice Ding Changle speaking, so he stepped back.
Zhou Cheng also looked at Ding Changle.
Ding Changle took a deep breath and muttered: "Xiao Zhou, don't worry about this. You have already made so much theoretical reserve here. Let's apply for the project first."
"After you apply, whether it's a manpower gap, a funding gap, or something else, Dean Lei and I will help you find a solution."
"If you're brave enough, be brave." Ding Changle didn't retain Zhou Cheng last time because he suffered a loss due to his lack of courage.
I almost looked for information and turned it into a review. Can you believe it?
It may still be thankless, but after all, it seems more professional, so just to promote the plot, some theoretical processes will be abbreviated in the follow-up.
I won’t add up the word count. It’s not that the author can’t write it, but it’s just a waste of everyone’s money.
ps: "If there are book friends who are interested in writing a Chinese review, they can directly appropriate it. There will be no copyright disputes. The content in the novel will not be checked for duplication. Just slightly change the writing and sentences."