After arranging the production of flintlock guns, Chongzhen went straight back to the Imperial College.
The flintlock musket had been successfully built, and now it was time to develop the steam engine.
Finally, he had some spare time on the technology tree, so Chongzhen planned to order a few more at once.
However, Chongzhen also knew very well that steam engines and flintlock guns were not the same concept at all.
There are only a few main parts of a flintlock gun, but there are hundreds or thousands of parts of a steam engine.
Moreover, the flintlock gun can cross the river using the technology of the matchlock gun, but the steam engine is a new thing. There is no craftsman in the entire Ming Dynasty who knows how to build a steam engine?
Chongzhen only knew the working principle of the steam engine.
The working principle of a steam engine is to use the expansion of water vapor to push the flywheel to rotate and perform work.
There are three main components of a steam engine. The first is the flywheel and transmission mechanism, the second is the cylinder and reciprocating valve, and the third is the boiler.
Making a flywheel is definitely the easiest.
It's nothing more than sand casting and casting.
Don't worry about dynamic balancing, as long as it can rotate.
There is no technical difficulty in connecting the transmission mechanism of the flywheel.
Find a few skilled old blacksmiths who can even make bearings for you. It just takes a little more time to make bearings, and hinges are no problem.
There shouldn't be any problem building a boiler.
To put it simply, a boiler is a container with a fire underneath. After the water in the furnace cavity is boiled, it will enter the cylinder through the pipes and control valves, and then push the piston.
With tapping technology, there is no technical difficulty in making valves.
There is no problem whether the boiler is rolled out of iron plates or directly cast.
The most difficult thing to make is undoubtedly the cylinder and the piston inside the cylinder, but strictly speaking, it doesn't seem impossible. It just requires the old blacksmith to polish it bit by bit.
If you spend more time, you can always polish the cylinder and piston to a satisfactory quality.
As long as the first steam engine is built and started to operate, the rest will be easy to handle, because with the steam engine, building an industrial machine will no longer be a problem.
Chongzhen first drew the flywheel mechanism, cylinder, piston and furnace pot respectively.
Then try to use hinges and connecting rods to connect the flywheel to the cylinder and control valve.
When the steam enters the left chamber of the cylinder and pushes the piston to the right, the connecting rod will push the flywheel. When the connecting rod and the force arm acting on the flywheel become a straight line, the connecting rod will lose the driving force, but the flywheel will be under the action of inertia.
Continue to rotate, and then push the piston back through the connecting rod. At this time, the steam has to enter the right chamber of the cylinder.
Thinking of this, Chongzhen immediately opened a hole in the left and right chambers of the cylinder and added sliders on top.
After thinking about it, I opened a cavity under the middle of the slider and an exhaust hole in the middle.
In this way, the steam that gradually cools down after the work is completed can be discharged, and new steam can enter the cylinder.
Then the slider is also connected to the flywheel through the connecting rod, but the direction must be staggered with the piston. When the piston is at the far left, the slider must be at the far right. When the piston is at the far right, the slider must be at the far left.
Chongzhen briefly simulated the reciprocating motion of the piston in his mind and felt that it should be possible.
This was somewhat beyond Chongzhen's expectations. He originally thought it would take ten days and a half to draw the principle sketch, but he did not expect that it only took half a day to draw it.
But this is also related to the fact that the principle of the steam engine is too simple.
But in fact, the mechanical principles are often very simple. The difficulty lies in breaking the window paper.
Before this layer of window paper was pierced, people in the world could not think of a thing that never existed even if they tried to break the sky. But once someone pierced this layer of window paper, they would find that it was nothing more than that.
After confirming that there was no problem with the principle, Chongzhen began to draw formal drawings again. Since he did not have a pencil, he could only use a quill. Therefore, once he made a mistake, he could not modify it and had to cancel it and start over.
In the next few days, Chongzhen kept drawing pictures without leaving home.
Flywheels, cylinders, pistons, bearings, connecting rods, boilers, iron pipes and slides, etc., Chongzhen drew fake three-dimensional diagrams and marked dimensions for each item, and sometimes had to add cross-section drawings.
Chongzhen also thought about drawing three views directly, but no one could understand it.
Teach these illiterate blacksmiths in the Ming Dynasty how to read three views? Then forget it.
It took almost ten days for Chongzhen to finally draw a complete set of sketches of the steam engine.
After the drawings are drawn, the next step is to find a suitable candidate to build the steam engine.
There were not many talented people with scientific literacy in the Ming Dynasty. Fang Yizhi was one and Song Yingxing was also one.
Apart from the two of them, I'm afraid there is only Xu Guangqi, but unfortunately Xu Guangqi is already dead.
Just when Chongzhen was about to send someone to summon Fang Yizhi and Song Yingxing, Gao Qi sneaked in and said: "Your Majesty, Lord Fang and Lord Song want to see you."
"I was just trying to find the two of them, but they came to my door by themselves." Chongzhen smiled and said, "Xuan."
Gao Qiqian immediately raised his voice and shouted outside the Yilun Hall: "Xuan, the Gewu Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs will give wisdom to Shi Zhongfang, and the Gewu Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs will give an audience to Song Yingxing, the king of Shizhong."
Fang Yizhi and Song Yingxing came in quickly.
Behind them were several scholars.
These scholars also held a thick stack of books in their hands.
"My minister Fang Yizhi/Song Yingxing kowtows to the Holy One, may His Majesty be blessed with peace and blessings." Fang Yizhi and the two paid homage with a great salute.
"Pingshen." Chongzhen raised his hands and pointed at the pile of books and asked, "Is this the textbook you compiled?"
"Exactly." Fang Yizhi said, "It took more than two months to finally fulfill the Holy Order and compile the catalog of teaching materials for each subject, and also asked the Holy One to review it."
Chongzhen immediately ordered his scholars to submit the book.
Then pick up the first textbook above, which is a history textbook.
It's not bad. It uses a chronological history writing method, starting from the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors period, and adds a lot of short stories. Students of the Imperial College will probably like to read this kind of history textbook.
Unfortunately, there is only a table of contents and the full text cannot be seen.
If it's all, you have to add detailed content according to the table of contents.
This workload cannot be completed by two people.
The second textbook is a medical textbook, which is divided into three parts: medicine, consultation, and medical treatment.
Fang Yizhi pointed to the medical textbooks and said: "Your Majesty, this catalog of medical textbooks was not compiled by ministers and others, but by Fu Shan and Wu Youke from the Medical Department."
"Well, it's pretty good." Chongzhen was quite satisfied with the medical textbook.
Turning to the end of the Jin Chuang chapter, Chongzhen discovered an even bigger surprise.
"Jin Chuang Intestinal Broken Syndrome? Jin Chuang All Disease Symptoms? Surgery is authentic?" Chongzhen simply couldn't believe it. In his impression, Chinese medicine seemed to only deal with internal medicine. However, after reading this textbook, he found that this was not the case at all.
, it turns out that surgery not only exists in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, but it is also quite advanced.
Jin Chuang's article on intestinal rupture syndrome introduces intestinal anastomosis in abdominal surgery.
Jin Chuang's Symptoms also introduces in detail the surgical procedures for bone reshaping.
The authentic chapter on surgery even introduces in detail the anesthetic before surgery - Huixiangsan!
This is really an unexpected surprise, but the subject of traditional Chinese medicine is profound and profound, and it is useless to briefly dabble in it. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a special medical school in the Imperial College to train doctors.
Other students in the Imperial College do not need to study medicine.
It seems that Fu Shan and Wu will have to pay another visit to the Imperial College later.
While thinking this, Chongzhen continued to read the textbook.
But when he turned to the third textbook, Chongzhen's brows tightened.
Because this is a mathematics textbook, and it follows the same formula as ancient books such as Nine Chapters on Arithmetic.
That is, it is not written from the shallower to the deeper in terms of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, the four mixed operations, fractions, algebra... but it starts with solving specific application problems.
Chongzhen flipped through it briefly and found that there were almost hundreds of questions.
Moreover, these hundreds of questions are not from easy to difficult, but the difficulty is randomly distributed.
Turning to physics again, it is almost a simplified version of physics knowledge. It is just a piece of knowledge, completely unsystematic.
Chemistry is not much different, it is just a piece of small knowledge, which is a selection of Tiangong's creation, physics and some ancient metallurgical knowledge.
Seeing this, Chongzhen's brows had turned into a knot.
Such teaching materials are not systematic and are completely useless.
It can also be seen from this that the empirical disciplines of Chinese civilization are still very powerful.
However, the disciplines of logical system are appallingly weak. This is the main reason why in modern times, Chinese civilization has made little achievements in subjects such as mathematics, physics, and chemistry.
It seems that for mathematics, physics and chemistry textbooks, we can only rely on Bomig. I hope this foreign priest can fool Pascal and Descartes.
At this time, Chongzhen missed Tang Ruowang even more.
Tang Ruowang is really knowledgeable. He has dabbled in astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry and even medicine, and his attainments are quite extensive. He can be called a great talent.
Writing textbooks is a piece of cake for him.
It's a pity that Tang Ruowang chose to stay in Beijing.
I wonder if Jiannu will reuse Tang Ruowang?
If Dorgon has a good sense of people and reuses Tang Ruowang, I'm afraid it will be really troublesome, because Tang Ruowang really has the ability to raise the level of Jiannu's firearms to a big level.
If this is the case, we will really enter the age of firearms!
From now on it will be a war between guns and steel.
…
"Tang Ruowang, is this a new almanac written by you?"
Dorgon looked solemnly at the thick stack of almanacs that Tang Ruowang had just presented.
Chinese civilization has paid attention to respecting heaven and ancestors since ancient times. Dorgon was deeply influenced by Han culture and attached great importance to the compilation of almanacs, because almanacs represent heaven and belong to heaven's will!
If a dynasty does not even have its own almanac, it is not an orthodox dynasty.
Therefore, the first thing Dorgon did after taking control of Beijing was to find someone from Qintian Prison to rewrite the almanac.
After spending more than a year, Tang Ruowang finally compiled 108 volumes of the "New Almanac" based on the "Chongzhen Almanac" and presented it to Dorgon for his imperial reading.
"Back to your Majesty the Imperial Father and the Regent." Tang Ruowang said with great respect, "This is the new almanac specially compiled by me for the Qing Dynasty. The book has a total of 108 volumes. Please ask the Holy Judge."
"Okay, I will find time to read this almanac as soon as possible."
Yes, Dorgon has begun to openly call himself me. Since the young emperor of Shunzhi calls him Huang Ama, what reason does he have for not calling himself me? It makes no sense.
And Bumbutai is also his queen now.
Now, Dorgon actually just needs an enthronement ceremony.
However, Dorgon hesitated whether to take this final step.
Mainly because the young emperor Shunzhi and Bumubutai were too docile, so it seems that maintaining this situation is a good result, because even if he ascends the throne, he does not intend to abolish Shunzhi.
Yes, Dorgon has changed his mind. He no longer thinks about making Duduo the emperor Taiji, or adopting one of Duduo's sons as his stepson, and then making his stepson the prince. That is not as effective as directly making Shunzhi the prince.
How good is it? Maybe he is not more filial than Shunzhi, but Shunzhi is really filial to him now.
Sometimes Dorgon would even have the illusion that Shunzhi was his son.
Tang Ruowang added: "Your Majesty the Imperial Father and the Regent, I have two more books to present."
After saying that, Tang Ruowang took out two more thread-bound books from his sleeves and said: "These two books, one is the Fire Attack Deed, and the other is Kunyu Gezhi. Among them, Kunyu Gezhi has a total of twelve volumes. This time I
I only brought the first volume."
"Fire attack contract?" Dorgon's eyes lit up and he asked, "Introducing Western firearms?"
"Yes, the Fire Attack Deed mainly introduces Europa's artillery technology." Tang Ruowang said, "This Kunyu Gezhi is the "Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy" by Agricola, a Prussian mining and metallurgist, translated by me.
It introduces a large amount of metallurgical knowledge in detail. If this book is promulgated, it can greatly improve the level of mining and metallurgy in the Qing Dynasty."
Dorgon's heart moved when he heard this, and then asked: "Tang Ruowang, do you know about firearms?"
"I understand a little bit." Tang Ruowang smiled slightly and added, "I dare not hide it from your Majesty the Imperial Father and the Regent. I once supervised the construction of cannons for Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, and its performance is far superior to other artillery."
Dorgon was even more delighted when he heard this, now he had found a treasure.
Although Kong Youde and others can also cast cannons, they can only imitate the gourd and ask them to improve the performance of the red cannon, which is beyond their ability. I hope Tang Ruowang will not let him down again.
Then there is the improvement of matchlock guns. The reason why this southern expedition failed, according to Duduo, was mainly because the Ming army's firearms were too powerful, especially the Crouching Tiger Cannon and Lumi Gun.
At that moment Dorgon asked: "Tang Ruowang, can you build an artillery that is as light as the Tiger Crouching Cannon but more powerful? Can you also build a Western gun that is more powerful than the Lumi Gun?"
Tang Ruowang thought for a while and said: "I have never seen a cannon similar to the Crouching Tiger Cannon in the West. However, the structure of the Crouching Tiger Cannon is flawed. I can try to improve it. I believe that the Tiger Crouching Cannon will be improved by me."
The destructive power of the Crouching Cannon must be better than that of the Ming Army's Crouching Tiger Cannon. As for the Lumi gun..."
After a pause, Tang Ruowang continued: "Actually, there is a better musket in the West, called a flintlock gun."
"Flintlock gun?" Dorgon asked, "Is the flintlock gun you mentioned more powerful than the Rumi gun?"
"Yes, it's more powerful than Rumi's gun." In order to win permission to preach freely in Beizhi, Tang Ruowang really took out all his reserves.
