If the tie rod is not strong enough, it will not be able to withstand the torque and deform during broaching.
Because the caliber of the gun barrel is 40%, the diameter of the tie rod cannot exceed 40%. There are only two ways to prevent the tie rod from deforming without increasing the diameter.
One is to improve the rigidity of the tie rod through quenching.
Another is to reduce the amount of broaching each time.
And if the cutting amount per broaching is reduced, the number of broaching operations will be very difficult.
As a result, four-point broaching is more time-consuming and labor-intensive than single-point broaching.
Chongzhen now uses quenching to improve the rigidity of the tie rods.
"Back to my father, after quenching the tie rod, the steel is strong enough, but the toughness is not enough." Zhu Cijiong said with some shame, "It broke after just a few pulls. We need to continue to improve the quenching process."
"Is your toughness not enough again?" Chongzhen frowned.
It seems that there is no one success in materials science, only countless attempts.
"Let's see, while we continue to improve the quenching process of the tie rod, we will first use single-point broaching to support it. With single-point broaching, the rigidity of the tie rod will always be sufficient, right?"
"Single-point broaching is sufficient."
"Then let's do single-point broaching first."
Chongzhen knew that exploring the quenching process was a long process.
Then this period of time cannot be wasted. You can use single-point broaching for the time being and try to process the first batch of rifled rifles before the end of April.
"My son, I accept the decree."
Zhu Cijiong received the order and returned to the arsenal.
Zhu Cixiang did not come with him this time.
Because tonight Zhu Cixiang was going to host a banquet for representatives of chambers of commerce from various provinces on behalf of Chongzhen, and at the same time set rules for the chambers of commerce to avoid incidents like the hoarding of grain merchants from happening again.
Letting Zhu Cixi attend this banquet was also to train him.
The relationship between Chongzhen and Zhu Cixiang is somewhat similar to that between Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao and his son.
Zhu Yuanzhang was not worried at all that Prince Zhu Biao would rebel. If Zhu Biao really raised troops to rebel, Zhu Yuanzhang might still feel great comfort and then mobilize some troops to Zhu Biao.
Chongzhen was even less worried that Zhu Cihong would rebel.
Because Zhu Cixiang had neither the ability nor the confidence to rebel, nor the will to rebel.
Taking advantage of an hour before dinner time, Chongzhen took thirty-six Western scholars, including Pascal and Boyle, for a tour of Qingliangfang and demonstrated the steam engine to them.
See the steam engine that can move by burning a fire,
Pascal, Boyle and others were all amazed.
I went around the steam engine again and again, wanting to take it apart and study it.
In fact, this was also deliberately arranged by Chongzhen, because he was worried that Pascal, Boyle and others would not be able to retain them.
Now Pascal and others are new here and don't know much about the Ming Dynasty, especially because of the existence of him, an emperor who highly respected science, so they are full of beautiful illusions about the Ming Dynasty.
But as time goes by and the novelty wears off, they will find that the academic atmosphere in Ming Dynasty is very poor.
Because China has only emphasized experience and practicality since ancient times, the research on basic theory was completely blank. By the Ming Dynasty, the research on basic theory had lagged far behind the West.
The only exception is medicine, where traditional Chinese medicine has formed a systematic theory.
But in areas such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, and astronomy, there is only scattered knowledge and not a system.
Therefore, it was difficult for Pascal and Boyle to find people or institutions for academic exchange. If they had to exchange ideas, they had to wait until the Ming Dynasty students they taught grew up and reached a level similar to their own.
This will definitely be a long process, and Chongzhen is worried that Pascal and the others will not be able to wait.
In view of this, Chongzhen wanted to take Pascal and others to see the steam engine. The purpose was to tell them that the Ming Dynasty was not without science and technology that was ahead of the West.
Pascal and others were really interested in steam engines.
After circling the steam engine several times, Pascal finally couldn't hold it back and asked Chongzhen: "Your Majesty, can we take this machine apart for research?"
"Of course." Chongzhen said happily, "but there is no time today."
"Thank you, Your Majesty, you are extremely generous." After receiving the affirmative reply, Pascal was extremely happy, and then asked, "But why is it too late today?"
Chongzhen smiled and said: "Because it's almost dinner time."
"Oh no, no, we don't want to have dinner." Boyle shook his head repeatedly. "We want to dismantle this magical machine now to see its structure."
"Yes, you can have dinner anytime."
More than thirty other Western scholars also agreed.
At this point, Chongzhen also had a preliminary understanding of these thirty-six scholars. They were a group of fanatical scholars.
But then again, if it weren't for their fanatical interest in science, they wouldn't have listened to Bu Mige's deception and traveled thousands of miles to come to the Ming Dynasty.
"Okay, then let's postpone the reception banquet."
Chongzhen followed the good example and immediately ordered the craftsmen to dismantle the steam engine.
Taking advantage of the opportunity of the craftsmen to dismantle the steam engine, Chongzhen asked Pasib through the Latin interpreter: "Blaise, are you a student of Galileo?"
"Does His Majesty the Emperor also know about Galileo?"
"Of course, this is a true master of science."
"Yes, he is also a respectable elder. I have had the honor to have many academic exchanges with him, but unfortunately I am not his student, but Viviani and Torricelli are both his students.
.”
"Really? Did Viviani and Torricelli also come to Ming Dynasty together?"
"No, Father Bomig also invited them both, but they rejected it. However, if His Majesty the Emperor really needs them, I can write a letter to them both."
"I believe they will definitely leave for Daming after receiving my letter."
"That's great. Then please write a letter to them both."
"Of course, it is an honor to serve His Majesty the Emperor, but I would like to venture to ask, why does His Majesty the Emperor have such high regard for Master Galileo's disciples?"
"That's right. I heard that Galileo invented many scientific instruments, including astronomical telescopes, thermometers, and barometers. These instruments are all urgently needed by the Ming Dynasty."
This chapter is not finished yet, please click the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Astronomical telescopes are not the most urgent need, but thermometers and barometers are really urgently needed.
Because if you want to build an industrial steam meter, you absolutely cannot do without a thermometer and a barometer. Without a reliable instrument to measure the pressure, it is easy for the cylinder to explode or even explode.
Pascal smiled and said: "If it's just an astronomical telescope, a thermometer and a barometer, I can actually make them for you, the Emperor. Of course, I need a group of skilled craftsmen."
"There is no problem with craftsmen. What Ming Dynasty is most indispensable for is craftsmen."
Chongzhen was overjoyed and struck while the iron was hot and asked: "Can you build a microscope?"
"Microscope? Of course there is no problem." Pascal said without thinking, "As long as high-quality glass and experienced craftsmen are used, there is no problem at all in building a microscope. After all, the principle of a microscope is not that complicated."
"Great." Chongzhen immediately agreed and said, "Pascal, your main work will be twofold. One is to compile a set of physics and mathematics textbooks for the Imperial College based on the textbooks of various European universities, and then appropriately reduce the difficulty and write
A set of physics and mathematics textbooks that are less difficult for children to learn.”
"Of course, as the dean of the School of Physics and the School of Mathematics, this is an unshirkable responsibility."
Pascal agreed wholeheartedly and asked: "Is the other job to make astronomical telescopes, microscopes, thermometers and barometers? That's no problem, it can be completed easily."
After arranging Pascal's work, Chongzhen approached Boyle again.
"Your Majesty the Emperor, what can I do for you?"
Facing Chongzhen, Boyle seemed a little flattered, mainly because he felt guilty.
Among the thirty-six young people who came to Ming Dynasty this time, their families were the worst off.
"Boyle, have you heard of mercury fulminate?" Chongzhen went straight to the topic as soon as he came up. He only knew that the ingredient of the primer was mercury fulminate, but when was mercury fulminate invented and who invented it?
Don't know anything.
Even if you read it accidentally in your previous life, you cannot memorize it again and again as a knowledge point.
After all, who could imagine such a thing as time travel? Otherwise, you would have to memorize the encyclopedia from scratch.
"Mercury fulminate?" Boyle looked at Chongzhen in confusion, and then wondered if the interpreter had not translated it correctly.
At that moment, Boyle struggled with the Latin translation for a long time, but in the end he still failed to get the desired result.
Boyle suddenly panicked. He thought it was over. He had never heard of mercury fulminate. Now the secret was exposed. What should I do? Do you want to lie?
Chongzhen's face fell. It seemed that Boyle didn't know about mercury fulminate.
Seeing Chongzhen's face turn cold, Boyle's head drooped. It seemed that he could no longer keep his title as dean of the School of Chemistry, and could only become a professor at most.
Chongzhen then asked: "So, what about thunder acid?"
"Your Majesty the Emperor, I'm very sorry, I really don't know what fulvic acid is?"
After listening to the interpreter's translation, Boyle almost cried. Now he could no longer keep his position as a professor. At most, he could only be a lecturer. Well, as long as he could get a salary, a lecturer could accept it.
Chongzhen sighed, not knowing about mercury fulminate, it seemed that there was no hope for fixed-loading ammunition with metal shells.
However, if you are not in a hurry to load metal cartridges, you should first get out the nitrocellulose, which is smokeless gunpowder. Going from black powder to smokeless gunpowder is also a huge leap.
With the advent of smokeless gunpowder, which is also a firearm, the guns and cannons of the Ming Dynasty can obtain greater kinetic energy with a smaller caliber, and their range and lethality will be greatly increased.
It can also form a crushing dimensionality reduction blow.
At that moment, Chongzhen asked again: "So you have always heard of nitric acid, right?"
"Of course, I know about nitric acid." After listening to the interpreter talking and gesticulating, Boyle suddenly became energetic.
