The imperial examinations in ancient my country were divided into two types: boy examination and main examination.
Let’s talk about the Boy Exam first. The difference between the Ming Dynasty Boy Exam and the Tang and Song Dynasties is that there is no age limit. Candidates can take the Boy Exam regardless of their age. The Boy Exam consists of three stages: county examination, government examination, and college examination, and takes two exams every three years.
.Chou, Wei, Chen, Xu years are Suikao; Yin, Shen, Ji, Hai years are Kekao.
The county examination is an examination presided over by the magistrates of each county in the Ming Dynasty. To obtain the birth certificate (i.e. qualification), children should first take the county examination in the county. The examination period is usually in February. Register at the county office and fill in the name and place of birth.
, age, three generations of resumes, and obtained the county's rural student guarantee certificate, to ensure that the information filled in is true. Take five exams, each of which will test eight-legged essays, poems, classics, rhymes, etc. Only after passing the exam can you participate in the previous one.
The qualifications for the prefecture-level examination, so the county examination is actually a qualification examination.
The date of the county examination is usually set in February. When entering the examination, candidates will receive a number printed on the test paper. They will sit according to the number and take four or five exams. The first exam is the main exam and the second exam is for admissions (
(or called first test). The third test is a second test. The fourth and fifth test are consecutive tests. Each test takes one day, and admission is called before dawn. Papers must be handed in on the same day. The main admission will be lenient. For example, if there are 1,000 candidates,
If 700 people are admitted to the main court, then 700 people will be admitted to the first review court; if 500 people are admitted to the first review court, then the number will be reduced in descending order until the number of consecutive exams is reached, and there will not be many people left. After each exam, the results will be released
, called "issue case". The names and numbers of the candidates in the first three or four exams are written in a circle, which is called "round case", commonly known as "yuan", or "group". The candidates who are within 50 are selected
It is the first circle. The circle is divided into two layers: the outer circle and the inner circle. There are 30 people in the outer circle and 20 people in the inner circle. There are also 50 people arranged in a large circle regardless of the inside and outside. Use a red pen to write the word "中" in the circle. This "中"
The vertical part of the character should also be written as long at the top and short at the bottom, just like the upper part of the character "gui", which means auspiciousness. The character raised in the middle of the outer layer means the first place, and the other rankings are arranged from left to right. Because the characters on the volume are
The names of the candidates are sealed, and only the seat number can be written when reporting, so the admitted candidates are called "out of the circle" or "out of the number." Only when the results are released for the last time, all the admitted candidates will be arranged horizontally according to their rankings.
The name of the case is called the "long case". The first name is called the county case leader.
In the Ming Dynasty, scholars admitted through the county examination had to take the next higher level examination, which was administered by the prefect or magistrate. The examination period was usually in April, and the registration and other procedures were slightly the same as those in the county examination. Only after admission could they take the examination again.
Take the college exam.
The academic examination was an examination administered by the academic administration (and academic affairs) of each province in the Ming Dynasty. Scholars who had been admitted to the imperial examination could participate in the academic examination. Since the academic administration was called the Admiral's Academy, it was also called the academic examination. The registration procedures are the same as the imperial examination.
, the county examination is slightly the same. After passing the examination, you can study in a prefectural school or a county school, which is called "enrollment." Only after confirming your status as a student can you participate in the main examination of the province.
Now let’s talk about the main examination. Only children who pass the college examination can participate in the main examination.
The main examination is divided into three stages: rural examination, general examination and palace examination.
The rural examination is the first level of the main examination. In the Ming Dynasty, the examination was held every three years in the provincial capitals. The examination room was called "Gongyuan". Anyone who passed the boy's examination in the province could take the examination. The years of Fengzi, Wu, Mao and You were the main subjects.
, those who take exams during celebrations such as the emperor's accession to the throne are called "Enke". There are three exams, and those who pass the exam are called Juren. Because the exam period is in the autumn, it is also called Qiu Wei or Autumn Examination. And because the candidates in each county and prefecture
They gathered in the provincial capital and were examined by officials sent by the imperial court. Those who passed the examination were selected as Juren. As is well known in "The Scholars", Fan Jin passed the examination, and he won this kind of Juren.
The general examination is the second level of the main examination. In the Ming Dynasty, all candidates from all provinces could participate in the examination held at the Ministry of Rites in the capital, once every three years. If there is an enke in the provincial examination, then it is the main examination.
The examination was also held the following year, called the examination Enke. There were three examinations, and those who passed the examination were called Gongshi. Because the examination period was in the spring, it was also called Chunwei or Spring Examination.
The imperial examination is the third level of the main examination. The imperial examination system is an examination in which the emperor personally questions the tributes in the palace. It began with Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty and was followed by successive dynasties. By the time of Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial examination results were divided into three grades (i.e. grades).
), there are only three people in the first class, followed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and they are called Jinshi and No. 1. The first is the number one scholar, the second and third are the second and third overall. The second and third class are collectively called Jinshi.
In the main examination, the first place in the provincial examination is called "Jie Yuan", the first place in the joint examination is called "Hui Yuan", and the first place in the imperial examination is called "Zhuang Yuan". Those who are first in all three examinations are called "continuous winners".
"Three Yuan"
During the Ming and Ming dynasties, juren were qualified to serve as low-level civil servants (officials). It was just a qualification, and the actual possibility of holding the position was very small. Therefore, in the eyes of some people (those in high positions), they were almost worthless.
However, as long as the person is being promoted, he can be on an equal footing with the government, he can supervise the government, and he can report the government's complaints to the emperor. Juren has the right to inspect. In the eyes of ordinary citizens, people who are promoted are superior. In the Ming Dynasty, people who were promoted enjoyed the privilege of tax exemption and were not exempted from taxes.
A few people took the initiative to transfer their land and property to the gentry's name to avoid taxes and corvee. This was also a source of income for the gentry.
Generally speaking, in the Ming Dynasty, only after obtaining a Jinshi degree did one truly obtain the qualifications to become an official.