Today, the open space in front of the Intramuros of Manila was crowded with Han people watching.
There are a lot of Chinese in the Philippines. Today, a quarter of the people in the country have Chinese ancestry. There are about 22 million people, making them the largest ethnic group in the country. 98.7% of the Chinese population comes from Fujian, China (75% from Quanzhou,
Zhangzhou 23%, Xiamen 2%). 75% of them speak Hokkien.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were approximately 340,000 to 50,000 Chinese on Luzon Island.
After five days of arrests and trials, the Ming Dynasty King will publicly sentence the criminals of the massacre twenty-six years ago in the wilderness south of the city today. Moreover, all criminals who violated the interests of the Chinese in the past thirty years will also be investigated.
The Han people, who had been oppressed for more than a hundred years, were furious. Finally, someone made the decision for them.
The reason why the Han people were not favored by the Spaniards was mainly because of the pirate Lin Feng. Lin Feng was born in Raoping, Chaozhou, Guangdong. His pirate fleet was very large and was the most powerful pirate fleet in the waters of Guangdong and Guangxi.
He owned nearly a hundred ships, large and small, and had tens of thousands of members. Lin Feng's hometown was in the Nan'ao Islands. While fighting Japanese pirates on the southeast coast, he was defeated by Qi Jiguang. He led his troops to escape to Taiwan Island to recuperate.
But it was too close to Penghu, and the Ming Dynasty's army could pursue them at any time. Lin Feng started to think of the Philippines. They secretly followed the movements of the Spanish in the Philippines. They took advantage of the main force of the Spanish to leave Manila and launched a massive attack.
Although Lin Feng's pirate gang was large in number, its equipment was very crude. He selected hundreds of death squads, armed with spears, scimitars, and daggers, and sneaked into Manila. But they only had less than 20 matchlock guns.
On the way to the Governor's Palace, they were discovered by the defenders. The Spanish's hundreds of matchlocks and dozens of heavy artillery gave them a devastating blow.
These pirates, who have been fighting at sea all year round, are also very fierce. They fought desperately with the Spanish. However, the Spanish garrison quickly returned to the defense. Even if they killed the defending general, the Spanish also frustrated their actions.
Under the attack of more than a dozen armed merchant ships, Lin Feng's fleet suffered heavy losses. It retreated to Pangasinan Island and was trapped for 4 months. In the end, Lin Feng succeeded in breaking out at night and disappeared from the scene. There is no trace in the history books.
Record the news about Lin Feng.
After Lin Feng's attempt to capture Manila failed, the Spanish colonists became increasingly wary of the Han people. They were afraid that the local Han Chinese and Ming pirates would cooperate with each other and try to capture Manila again.
In 1591, the Spanish governor used "trade monopoly" as an excuse to restrict the sales of Chinese silk and cotton. This was gradually expanded to include tea, ceramics, grain and oil and other commodities. It also restricted Chinese land ownership and freedom of movement. These discriminatory policies
, causing the life of Han Filipinos to become increasingly difficult.
In 1603, the eunuch Zhang Cai came to the Philippines to search for gold mines. The Spaniards thought that this time the Ming Dynasty was also coming to seek Manila. So they took the lead and massacred the Han people, the largest ethnic group in the area. This directly killed 30,000 people.
Many people died.
Zhang Cai, a dead eunuch, has done many bad things. He is stupid and loves to cause trouble. When he was a mine supervisor in Fujian, he almost failed to attract a Dutch first-class battleship, which led to the occupation of Penghu.
Fortunately, the veteran general Shen Yourong handled the situation well and used diplomatic means to force the Dutch back.
But this time, his reckless behavior directly led to the murder of 30,000 Han people.
Yang Fan will not distinguish who is right and who is wrong. Luzon was originally composed of some small countries that paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty is the suzerain country, which is clear. Even according to European practice, it makes sense.
At this time, the Thirty Years' War was not over yet. International law had not yet entered the stage of history. We had to wait until 1648 for this tragic war to end.
This year, hundreds of European emperors, kings, grand dukes, and religious leaders gathered in Westphalia, a small town on the Rhine River, and signed the "Peace of Westphalia". The peace treaty stipulated that from now on , no emperor, king, prince, or religious leader in Europe could use religion as an excuse to launch a war. This peace treaty reshaped the pattern of Europe and the relationship between countries. It is also generally considered to be the beginning of modern international law.
The Thirty Years' War refers to the 30 years between the Bohemian Rebellion in 1618 and the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. In this war, the German people died side by side, with almost three-thirds of the casualties of two.
But the essence of this war was to solve a century-long religious issue that had plagued the German region. That was whether ordinary people could communicate with God on their own. Or must they communicate with God through the medium of the Roman Catholic Church.
This involves an issue that everyone in Europe is concerned about, that is, how to atone for the crimes committed in life.
The Pope's statement is that you pay the Catholic Church to buy indulgences. When the gold coins jingle into the money box, your soul is redeemed. Your sins are wiped out. The soul automatically ascends from hell to heaven.
But Martin Luther and his supporters believed that everyone has the right to communicate with God, and there is no need to go through the Catholic Church. Everyone can pray to God on their own and ask for forgiveness of their sins, thus saving money for the Roman Church. money.
In the final analysis, it is still a question of paid atonement and free atonement.
Before that, the Bible was monopolized by the Roman Church. Ninety-nine percent of the general public at that time were illiterate and did not know Latin at all. They could not see the book of the Bible and did not know what was written in it.
Therefore, we can only let the people of the Pope say whatever they say.
The Martin Lutherans used the printing technology from China to translate the Bible into English, German, etc. and then printed it in large quantities so that everyone could read it. After reading the Bible, they found that they had been fooled for hundreds of years. .They can completely read and understand the scriptures on their own.
This made Rome furious. In the past, reading the Bible privately was punishable. Only the Holy See can read the Bible. Others only have the right to listen. The right of interpretation also belongs to the Holy See.
Spain and France are the guardians of Catholicism. Here in Manila, Catholicism is naturally promoted. And most Chinese people have one characteristic. Although faith has been free for five thousand years, there has never been a situation where the entire population is obsessed with one religion. Behavior. Chinese people believe in pragmatism.
In the eyes of the Han people, they believe in whatever is useful. Therefore, it is very difficult for the Han people to convert to Catholicism. The Han people obviously worship their ancestors more. According to Spanish behavior, it is natural to brutally suppress pagans. Therefore, the Han people in
Life in Luzon is very hard.
Today, the Earl of Ming Dynasty came. He came with his fleet and army.
All the superior Spaniards were imprisoned, and the natives who bullied them were all captured by the cavalry. The island was so big that there was no place to run, and the cavalry captured people very quickly.
There were more than 200,000 Han Chinese who came overnight, and the place was crowded. They all came to see the execution of criminals. They looked at more than 300 Spaniards who were tightly tied up and kneeling in rows, and there were
More than five hundred natives were so excited that they wanted to go up and beat these beasts to death.
Almost everyone was oppressed by these Spaniards and natives.
A guillotine was erected in the square. It was a temporary imitation of the French guillotine made by Yang Fan, who ordered the Military Justice Department and the ship's carpenters. There were many people to beheaded today, and it would be impossible without efficient equipment. It would be too slow for the executioner to chop off one by one.
