On the winter solstice of the second year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji issued an edict officially changing the country's name from "Jin" to "Qing"
At the same time, the name of the Eight Banners tribe was changed to "Manzhou". The previous Jurchen, Jianzhou, and Zhushen were all abandoned.
The dotted New Manchu script was determined to be the national script and used as the official language. At the same time, Shenyang was renamed Fengtian, and earth was piled as an altar outside the south city, and the table was burned to worship heaven.
After the sacrifice to heaven was completed that day, Huang Taiji announced in the Chongzheng Hall that he would imitate the Ming Dynasty and set up six ministries and the Supervisory Yuan. He would establish the Hanlin Academy, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the Thirteen Yamen. Manchu and Han officials would wear different clothes. Each would have its own system and separate management. Responsible to the Great Khan. From now on, the officials of each ministry will share the same position, with one Manchu and Han man each. Manchu and Han people will live in separate streets in cities and in villages and fields in rural areas.
Government orders one after another, like thunder, came out from Chongzheng Hall, shocking Liaodong and Ming Dynasty.
Chongzhen overturned the table in the Qianqing Palace and was completely furious. From now on, Jiannu will be on an equal footing with him.
In particular, the writing of Huang Taiji is of great significance. This means that the chaos in Liaodong has officially transformed from a group of bandits to a dispute between the two countries. Just like the grand master of the Teutonic Knights, he reorganized the knights and established Prussia Like a kingdom, the Hohenzollern family has officially transformed into a European royal family.
In the twenty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1599), Nurhachi ordered his ministers Erdeni and Gagai to create Manchu script based on Uighur-style Mongolian script, which was called "Old Manchu script" or "Uncirculated Manchu script".
In the original history, there were many problems in the use of old Manchu script. So in the first year of Jin Tiancong (1632 AD), Emperor Taizong Huang Taiji of the Qing Dynasty ordered minister Dahai to improve Manchu script, which was called "New Manchu script".
The characteristic of the new Manchu script is that circles are added next to the letters to distinguish different pronunciations of the same glyphs. Therefore, the improved Manchu script is also called "Punctated Manchu script". Manchu script was created with reference to Mongolian , belongs to Pinyin text. Perhaps, this also reveals the close relationship between their family and the Mongols from one angle.
There are 40 letters in Manchu, including 6 vowels, 24 consonants, and 10 letters specifically used to spell borrowed words. According to the different positions at the beginning, middle, and end of the word, the Manchu letters also have 3 corresponding letters. different writing forms.
But now, this time has been advanced.
The next day, in response to Huang Taiji's call, the armies of various Eastern Mongolian tribes that had already arrived gathered outside Fengtian City.
Huang Taiji officially announced his move south. He planned to go to the hometown of Haraqin in Mongolia, and enter the jurisdiction of Shuntian Prefecture in the Ming Dynasty from various passes outside the Great Wall in Ji Town of the Ming Dynasty.
At this time, the five Inner Khalkha tribes had been completely dismembered and dispersed in the tug-of-war between Lin Dan Khan and Huang Taiji last year. Some of them were annexed by Lin Dan Khan and some were taken over by Huang Taiji.
The ministers of Aru Horqin, Darai Chuhuer, the four sub-tribes Taiji Erzabu Mergentaiji, the Aruisut tribe Taiji Qi Sandarhan, and Karma Yildeng all led their departments successively. After surrendering to the Hou Jin Dynasty, Huang Taiji intended to use the four of them as banner masters and reorganized them into the Four Zhengse Banners of the Eight Banners of Mongolia.
The armies of Nen Horqin and Arul Horqin were die-hard supporters of establishing slaves. The two parties frequently married each other. This time, they mobilized in full force to respond to Huang Taiji's southern invasion plan. They were the most active among the Mongols.
The remnants of Haraqin and Duoyan fled to Liaodong under the leadership of Su Budi. They were resettled in the Liaoze area, that is, the wetlands on both sides of the Liao River. The Aohan tribe and the Naiman tribe (Naiman tribe), the Jarut and
Medium-sized tribes such as Bahrain, Ongnut and Asut also defected to Jiannu. Huang Taiji deliberately adapted them into the Four Bordered Banners among the Eight Banners of Mongolia.
This time, the Mongols gathered an army of 100,000 people. A dozen Jurchen tribes near the south of the East China Sea and a dozen Sauron tribes also gathered 10,000 troops.
In addition to the 20,000 infantry and cavalry he personally led, Li Yongfang, the leader of the Han Army Flag, also recruited 20,000 local Han people in Liaodong to form the Han Army Flag Army.
At this time, the Eight Banners dispatched 60,000 cavalry to control the 110,000 Mongolian army and 40,000 Han army, totaling 210,000 people. The combined forces went south and formally attacked the Ming Dynasty.
Huang Taiji's purpose was mainly to plunder people and materials.
Nurhachi's perverse behavior in his later years has already caused the economy of Liaodong to collapse. After Huang Taiji Tianqi took the throne for six years, he still failed to reverse the unfavorable situation in four years. As the drought continues, winter temperatures are getting colder year by year.
In fact, slavery can no longer be maintained.
So this time, if they can't recapture a large amount of food, materials and people from the south, they are not far from collapsing on their own. Prices in Liaodong are now soaring, and all kinds of materials are in short supply. A large number of people starve to death every day.
Huang Taiji was followed by Amin and Daishan, who walked up to the general stage. Now the four statues became three. However, the situation of the kings discussing politics was still not broken.
Huang Taiji stood on the stage and gestured. He opened the edict in a pen-note style and began to read it in Manchu.
This is the first time that an edict has been officially announced to the military and civilians of foreign vassals and the Eight Banners. What is announced today is the "Golden Edict."
Huang Taiji sent someone on the stage to recite in Manchu:
"By the fate of heaven, the Great Khan summoned us. Our country's original names were Daiqing Manchuria, Hada, Ula, Yehe, and Huifa. The ignorant people called them Zhushen. Zhushen was the Mo'er of the extreme north.
What does the name Gen (Sauron) have to do with us? From now on, everyone must call our country by its original name, Manchuria. If you call Zhushen again, you will definitely be guilty of it. I appreciate this."
At this time, the audience burst into cheers.
From then on, the clan name of the Eight Banners was officially designated as Manchuria. The country's name, Dajin, was changed to Daqing.
Huang Taiji made it very clear in the "Golden Edict" that the origin of the name was verified by Huang Taiji. The original name of his family tribe in the Mudanjiang River Basin was called Daiqing Manzhou.
Therefore, the country name is Daqing (transliterated by Dai Qing), and the clan name is Manzhou.
There are several different explanations for the name of the country Qing Dynasty.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin State also attacked Bianliang City, and the Jingkang Disgrace occurred. Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were both captured. The Han people regarded it as a shame, and Yue Fei was widely respected as a national hero. The name of the country of Dajin will be
Aroused the hostility of the Han people. In order to reduce the resistance to conquering the Han Dynasty, they changed the name of Jin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, and said that the two words have the same meaning in Manchu.
In fact, this statement is wrong. After careful study of Manchu, Daqing and Dajin simply have different pronunciations and do not agree with each other. Even the vowels are different. So it is completely conjecture.
Another theory is that according to the theory of the Five Elements, the Ming Dynasty gained the virtue of fire and conquered the world. The Qing Dynasty belonged to water, and the virtue of water restrained the virtue of fire, so it got a good start. Just like Zhu Chongba changed his name to Zhu Yuanzhang, which is homophonic to Zhu Yuanzhang (Zhu Yuanzhang)
Yazhang, an ancient military talisman.)
In fact, it is impossible for Huang Taiji to think about these things. One is that he does not understand these things. Even if the civil servants propose, he may not agree. As a conqueror, he will not consider the thoughts of the conquered objects. Therefore, the greatest possibility
, as he said in "The Golden Edict". Our tribe's original name was Daiqing Manchuria.
Therefore, Daiqing was taken from the original clan name and became the name of the country. When translated into Chinese, it was the Qing Dynasty. The Manchurian clan name was used as the clan name.
After the "Golden Edict" was issued, from this day on, a new nation, Manchuria, was officially formed.
