"Everything about Tumu Fortress is weird, and I also think many of the details are incredible. The historical records we can see now have been modified and covered up so much that after almost two hundred years, they have changed beyond recognition. From my personal perspective
It seems that I still sympathize with Yingzong." Zhang Shize took a sip of wine and said slowly.
Yang Fan nodded and said: "I checked the historical data and said that the emperor and ministers of the Yingzong Dynasty wanted to revive the country's shrinking power since the Renxuan Dynasty. Yingzong had made three Northern Expeditions before Tumubao, and they all achieved great results.
Not a bad result.”
Zhang Shize nodded and said: "Yes, but these three Northern Expeditions were not commanded by him. Yingzong was a young emperor who came to the throne at the age of eight. During the Zhengtong years, Zhu Qizhen was in Zhengtong for three years (the Battle of Yijinai), Zhengtong for six years (Fengzong)
(Battle of Prefecture), and three large-scale Northern Expeditions launched in the ninth year of Zhengtong (Battle of Kelesu)."
"During the three Northern Expeditions, he was ten, thirteen, and sixteen years old respectively. He was too young at the time, and the court was actually controlled by ministers and the Empress Dowager Zhang. The Empress Dowager reused old ministers since Renxuan, among whom Yang Shiqi
, Yang Rong and Yang Pu were known as the "Three Yangs" in history. During his tenure as cabinet minister, Sanyang stabilized the border defense, rectified the official administration, and developed the economy, which made the national power of the Ming Dynasty continue to rise. These wars were actually fought by Sanyang.
"
Yang Fan said: "I heard that Queen Mother Zhang herself only listened to the government affairs, but never interfered in the government affairs. She got along relatively well with the civil servant group. Later, her evaluation was quite high."
Zhang Shize said: "If the Empress Dowager had lived ten more years, the tragedy of Tumubao would never have happened. A defeat of this scale was a victory that the Hu people in the north had never had since ancient times. A mere 30,000 cavalry were defeated.
More than 200,000 people were recruited from the capital camp."
"In the early years of Zhengtong, the Empress Dowager and San Yang governed the country well, and our Ming Dynasty was quite prosperous."
"However, the good times did not last long. In the fifth year of Zhengtong (1440), Yang Rong died (posthumously named Wenmin); in the eighth year of Zhengtong (1443), the Empress Dowager Zhang passed away (posthumously named Empress Cheng Xiaozhao). In the ninth year of Zhengtong (
In 1444), Yang Shiqi passed away (posthumous title Wenzhen). In the eleventh year of Zhengtong (1446), Yang Pu passed away (posthumous title Wending)."
Yang Fan said: "Without these people, Wang Zhencai would have gained power."
"Yes, Yingzong was nineteen years old at that time, and there was no one to restrain him. He began to reuse eunuchs to confront the civil servants." Zhang Shize said. "The re-enabling of eunuchs was started by Xuanzong. At that time, the power of civil servants had already overtaken the emperor.
I feel uneasy."
"The Battle of Luchuan was also a matter of the Yingzong Dynasty, right? There were problems in both directions at that time." Yang Fan asked.
Zhang Shize nodded and said: "Yunnan has been fighting, involving a lot of troops. It has also unified the north of the Great Wall, and there have been border troubles in both the north and the south."
"Actually, there are more than just these two places. During the Renxuan period, the value of banknotes began to depreciate sharply, and the price of silver skyrocketed. A large number of refugees entered the mountainous areas to mine silver mines illegally. In Zhejiang, silver miners such as Ye Liuzong gathered in crowds to rebel. In Fujian, Deng Maoqi also rebelled.
.There is a rebellion by Huang Xiaoyang in Guangdong."
Yang Fan nodded, he knew these situations.
Ye Liuzong's people were all armed mine workers. The Ming Dynasty government banned them from illegally mining silver and kept cracking down on them. These people had no way out unless they mined, which eventually led to war in Zhejiang.
People like Deng Maoqi were forced to rebel because the landlords colluded with the government to charge several times more land rent.
The situation in Guangdong is similar. The Guangdong government colluded with the powerful to confiscate the land from the farmers, and handed the land to the powerful, forcing the farmers to become tenant farmers. Then the two families shared the benefits.
The peasants naturally refused and resisted one after another. However, the government and the guards came forward to suppress it. The peasants who had been deprived of their land were beaten and killed, and had no way to complain. So they rebelled one after another.
Guangdong was even more troubled at that time. Tyrants openly snatched farmers' crops after the crops were mature. If farmers resisted, they would be killed. If they didn't resist, they would starve to death. At that time, it was called "occupying sand and grabbing crops."
The Ming Dynasty had only been established for a few decades, but the local level had already been corrupted to such an extent. It is said that this should be a period of rise, but the grassroots level of the Ming Dynasty was corrupting too fast. By the time of Yingzong, there was already instability throughout the country.
signs of.
Not only were the farmers living in dire straits at this time, but the guard post was also in a state of decay and could no longer be used. Almost half of the military households in the guard post had escaped at this time. The cruelty of the officers was even worse than that of the local tyrants.
When Zhu Yuanzhang was alive, there was a thousand households. Because of the withholding of food and wages, more than a hundred of his subordinates starved to death.
Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and asked the remaining soldiers to confront him with spears. The two sides stabbed each other with spears. This soldier from Qianhu, who hated him to the core, stabbed him into a hornet's nest on the spot.
These rebellions restricted a lot of Ming's energy and military strength.
In order to suppress Deng Maoqi, the Beijing camp transferred more than 70,000 people. Rebellions from other places also occupied the elite troops of the Beijing camp. These things all happened before the Tumubao Incident.
"So, before Yingzong went to Tumubao, all the elites in the Beijing camp were emptied. Over the years, various places have pressed the gourd and lifted the gourd. Today, the Beijing camp will be mobilized, and tomorrow, the Beijing camp will be mobilized. The Beijing camp that remains in the capital has already been
They are second-rate goods that are left over." Zhang Shize explained.
Because the Beijing Camp was also in decay, people were eating empty wages and doing various kinds of work under their own names began to appear in large numbers. At this time, only half of the Beijing Camp with a capacity of more than 400,000 people could fight, and these people were all transferred away.
The Ming Dynasty's expedition to Luchuan was one of the four battles in which the Ming Dynasty's expedition against Xuanwei Si Si Renfa and Si Jifa's father and son rebelled in Luchuan, Yunnan.
The four conquests took place in 1439 (the fourth year of Orthodoxy), 1441 (the sixth year of Orthodoxy), 144 (the seventh year of Orthodoxy), and 1448 (the thirteenth year of Orthodoxy).
After years of war, the Ming Dynasty still could not completely quell the rebellion, and it finally ended in the form of an alliance.
During this period, hundreds of thousands of attacks were launched continuously, which exhausted the army and led to a deficit in the treasury. Too many military resources were occupied, resulting in an empty defense against Mongolia Oara in the north.
The most serious consequence of losing the war was the instability in Yunnan.
These are the consequences of Xuanzong and Zhu Zhanji abandoning Jiaozhi.
Not only is the toe gone, Myanmar is also lost. Yunnan is also unstable.
Zhu Zhanji abandoned Nuergandusi in Liaodong, which later left the Jurchens in a state of unmanagement, which led to their expansion. Later, the Chenghua Dynasty had to send the Xichang Changgong Wang Zhi to lead an army to Liting to clean holes.
The foundation laid by Taizu and Chengzu basically lost their advantages during the Renxuan Dynasty. Outside the Great Wall, Yunnan and the south of Guangxi were lost. Uzang basically broke away, Qinghai was occupied by Mongolia, and Jeju Island was also ignored by North Korea.
go.
"What's even more terrible is that after the Choros became stronger, Renxuan allowed them to unify Mongolia, which directly caused border troubles in the north. It also caused the subsequent Tumubao Incident." Zhang Shize said with a sigh.
"So it turns out that before Tumu Fort, there were wars all over the country, and there were still hundreds of thousands of people fighting in the south. The Beijing camp had been hollowed out, and what was left was useless wood. No wonder, 30,000 people were defeated
There are more than 200,000 Beijing troops." Yang Fan said.
"The Choros people are the Dzungars, right? I remember that their family name was Choros at first, and now the Junggar people are also named Choros." Yang Fan asked.
"Yes, the Dzungars are the descendants of Ye Xian. But now the Oara is called the Oirat Alliance. The leader of the alliance is no longer a Dzungar," Zhang Shize said.
