Western titles are divided into five levels because their noble titles are similar to those in China. Therefore, when translating Western titles, we also use the terms "公", "Marquis", "Bo", "子", and "男".
〕 came to translate.
Taking the United Kingdom as an example, the highest title of a noble is Duke, so "Duke" is used as the translation, and so on:
Duke: Among the nobility, the Duke is the first level and has the highest status. There are three origins of this title: one is the military chief of the Germanic tribe during the disintegration of European clan society; the other is the military chief of the ancient Roman tribe; the third is the military chief of the Roman tribe.
A provincial general in the ancient Roman era, later referring to a local military and political chief, whose Latin original meaning was "commander". With the development of feudal relations and the strengthening of royal power, the duke became an upper-class figure in the ruling class. In Britain, the duke initially
It was entrusted by King Edward III of England in the 14th century, and all those who were granted the title of duke were members of the royal family. This practice was broken only in the 15th century, and a few non-royal persons were also granted the title of duke.
Marquess: Marquess is the second level of nobility. When Charlemagne was on the throne, it referred to a border governor with special full powers, equivalent to a vassal. After the split of Charlemagne's empire, it became an independent feudal lord. Feudal royal power
After strengthening, marquis became a title between duke and earl, and its status was equal to other earls. It was only after the tenth to fourteenth century that the status of marquis was confirmed to be above earl.
Earl (Earlor Count): In the Roman Empire, the earl was the emperor's attendant, in charge of military, civil and financial power, and sometimes served as a local official. After the feudal system was strengthened, the earl could separate one party and become a hereditary feudal lord. Later, others
The status is gradually lowered, between marquis and viscount, and is the third level of nobility. In the UK, the title of earl has the longest history. Before Edward, the Black Prince, was made a duke in 1237, it was the highest title in the UK.
.This title comes from Denmark in Scandinavia.
Viscount: Viscount was originally a national official name in the Frankish Kingdom. It was first granted by King Charlemagne in the eighth century, and later spread to other continental European countries. At first, viscount was the deputy of the earl, and later it existed independently and could also be
Hereditary. The title of viscount was not introduced to Britain until the fifteenth century. Beaumond John was the first British viscount to be named in 1440, and his status was above that of a baron.
Baron (BaronorLord): Baron is the lowest level of nobility. In the 11th to 12th centuries, it was a direct vassal of the king of the European monarchy or the great feudal lord. In English, the word Baron is Norman
Introduced when people conquered the European continent, the original meaning was "just ordinary people", and later evolved into "powerful people". At that time, the big tenants in Britain who received land directly from the king could be called
He was made a baron, but this was not entrusted by the king. It was not until 1387 that Richard II made John Beecham a baron, and the baron became a formal title of British nobility.
In addition, there are two classes of civilians, namely:
Baronet
Knight
These two classes are often directly addressed by the word [Sir].
Among the five noble titles mentioned above, they are divided into two categories: hereditary nobles and lifelong nobles according to whether they can be passed on to future generations. A hereditary noble can be inherited by the eldest son after his death, and a lifelong noble can only hold the title while he is alive. After his death, his son
Cannot be inherited.
In the UK, a [Patent] or [Writ] granted by the king determines who should inherit.
But generally the religious system is followed, with the eldest son inheriting the throne.
In some special circumstances, the [Special Title] granted in the [Jurisdiction Act, 1876.] and the [Life Peerage Act, 1958] can also be used. For example, the [Baron] cannot be hereditary.
In terms of civilians, the title of [Baronet] can be hereditary, but [Knight] cannot be hereditary.
