Huang Buyi smiled mysteriously and said: "Those things you mentioned just now, one will appear holding the Sword of the King. Guess which one it is?"
Since he is holding the Sword of the King, he must have hands. Lin Sen thought for a while and said, "Is it the famous centaur in Greek mythology?"
Huang Buyi clapped his hands in praise and said, "Smartness is what it is. Then guess again, what beasts will come out to challenge us in the east?"
Lin Sen said without hesitation: "The green dragon has transformed into a human form, holding the Xuanyuan Sword in his hand, right?"
Huang Buxi was stunned. He thought this question would stump Lin Sen. Unexpectedly, Lin Sen said it directly and gave a very standard answer.
Damn it, how did you do it?
However, no matter how Lin Sen did it, Huang Buxi didn't care. What he cared about was whether he could grab the swords in the hands of those two beasts when they appeared!
Whether it is the King's Sword or the Xuanyuan Sword of the East, they are both first-class divine objects. As long as you get one, your strength will be endlessly improved!
The current supernatural world is really too weak. When the world of cultivation intervenes in the mortal world, the entire supernatural world will usher in a catastrophe. In one word, surrender or perish!
As the young master of the Struggle Association and a powerful figure, Huang Busi will not surrender at the feet of those cultivators. The only thing he can do is to make plans now and snatch the Xuanyuan Sword when the time comes! He prefers the Xuanyuan Sword.
, much easier to use than the Western Sword of Kings.
The Xuanyuan Sword is an Eastern divine sword, most suitable for Eastern people to use, while the Sword of the King is a Western two-handed sword, which is not very easy to use. Huang Buxi has always relied on the strength of his father and uncle to use his supernatural powers.
With the power to move the wind and rain in the world, there is hope that he can grab the Xuanyuan Sword. As for Lin Sen, with the powerful and mysterious Yi Tianxing as his backstage, it is not difficult to grab a sword.
This was the reason why he valued Lin Sen so much. If it weren't for the mysterious Yi Tianxing behind Lin Sen, he wouldn't have told Lin Sen all these things. Everyone is selfish. If they want to succeed,
, if you want to obtain higher strength and better things, you have to be selfish. Whoever is not selfish will lose.
The concept of "selfishness" is usually included in "self-centeredness". The biggest difference between the two is that selfishness means that when an individual faces a conflict between his own interests and the other party, he will ignore the losses of the other party in order to satisfy his own interests. In addition, selfish people
While engaging in selfish behavior, they are usually aware that their behavior may harm the interests of others, but they still do whatever it takes to follow their own interests.
Of course, in fact, Huang Buxi's behavior and mentality are not very selfish. First of all, if a person benefits himself at the expense of others, it is called selfish. Secondly, selfishness means only planning for oneself and only pursuing personal interests; it is privately owned;
Partiality.
Then, selfishness is the moral realm of individualism and the product of private ownership, with various degrees and forms of expression. Some people are extremely selfish and openly benefit themselves at the expense of others; there are also some people who try to find a way to both
The philosophy of life that satisfies one's own selfish interests while taking care of the interests of others claims that "the subjective is for oneself and the objective is for others", but in essence, self-interest is the core, the fundamental foundation, and the fundamental driving force for their activities.
No matter where it is, selfishness is a concept that is used very frequently. In fact, it is not easy to define it because people use it so often. As a research, how can we define it more scientifically to summarize all its essential characteristics? Some people even define it as
The most basic unit of gene is also said to be "selfish". By extension, the meaning of the concept of "selfishness" is that one grass competes with another grass for nutrients, birds eat insects, cats eat mice, and one dog competes with another.
A dog fights for bones, and people eat pork and grains. These are all manifestations of "selfishness". Although genes have neither consciousness nor emotions. In fact, any organism behaves in a way that benefits itself and harms other organisms.
"Objective behavior" at a cost is collectively called "selfishness".
Huang Buqi's selfishness, at least, did not create much benefit for himself, he just formed a gang to do big things!
Selfishness, as one of the attributes of human beings and a broad and complex social phenomenon, can be expressed as both objective behavior and subjective consciousness, concepts and motivations of people. Due to the unity of human consciousness and behavior, selfishness can be both
It refers to both behavior and concepts; and because human behavior and consciousness may be disconnected, separated in space and time, or appear in contradictory forms, it can also refer to behavior or concepts alone. So, what is selfishness in terms of subjective consciousness?
Is it better to define it? Or should we define selfishness in terms of objective behavior? As long as it is a thing, it will be selfish.
Some people focus on defining selfishness from the perspective of objective behavior and its effects. They believe that "selfishness refers to the behavior of people to satisfy their own interests at the expense of harming others and the interests of society." In other words, selfishness is an objective behavior that benefits oneself at the expense of others. I
Call this definition “an objective behavioral definition of selfishness.”
This definition is in line with people's habit of focusing on the effects of behavior in moral evaluations, and many people use the concept of selfishness in the sense of behavior that benefits themselves at the expense of others on many occasions. However, this definition fails to be simple.
First of all, according to the definition, a person can be called selfish only when he actually performs behavior that benefits himself at the expense of others. If a person does not perform behavior that benefits himself at the expense of others, he is not selfish. However, as we all know, just as people can commit crimes
Consciousness and motivation do not necessarily actually represent criminal behavior. In the same way, people have the consciousness of harming others and benefiting themselves, and they do not necessarily actually behave in ways that harm others and benefit themselves. This is because: 1. Motivation and consciousness guide the generation of behavior, and there is another factor in it.
Process. Before the process is completed, a kind of motivation and consciousness may have changed or disappeared and been replaced by another consciousness and motivation; 2. A kind of motivation and consciousness may still exist, but due to the constraints of the external environment, or due to another consciousness
, the suppression of motivation, the consciousness and motivation temporarily do not guide the generation of behavior and are latent.
Huang Buxi's plan does not harm others and benefit himself, nor does it benefit himself at the expense of others. He completely harms others and benefits himself.
Therefore, a person does not exhibit behaviors that harm others and benefit himself, but this does not mean that there must be no awareness and motivation of harming others and benefiting himself in his mind. Since the definition of objective behavior does not include this situation, it appears stiff and far-fetched when explaining some phenomena.
Attachment. For example, someone does not behave at the expense of others to benefit himself in one thing, but in another matter he behaves in a way that harms others and benefits himself. According to the definition of objective behavior, it can only be explained in this way: he changed from unselfish to selfish. But
In fact, there are two situations here: first, the change in objective behavior is the result of corresponding changes in motivation and consciousness; second, although the behavior changes, the motivation does not change, and the motivation originally existed and is continuous. According to objective behavior
It is reasonable to use definition to explain the first situation, but it is obviously inappropriate to explain the second situation.
Secondly, if the concept of selfishness is used in the strict sense of "benefiting oneself at the expense of others", then when someone is in trouble and refuses to help or refuses to save someone, such behavior cannot be called selfish. Because the actor neither harms others nor does it harm others.
It is not self-interested. In fact, people without exception call this kind of behavior selfish, and such actors are called selfish people. What is particularly important is that when the objective effect of a person's behavior is self-benefiting and benefiting others (reciprocity)
When, are people selfish? According to the definition of objective behavior, it cannot be called selfish.
We know that the objective effects of actions that benefit oneself and others are often the result of the subjective motivation of "for me" (of course there are other situations). When someone performs actions that are objectively beneficial to others and society, he is likely to be "altruistic"
It is to obtain corresponding rewards from others and society. "His good behavior is a sophisticated move, essentially for the benefit of himself and his relatives." The concept and motivation are selfish. Precisely because it is "for myself"
and the interests of his relatives”.
Huang Buyi's thoughts turned quickly. Is this kind of behavior of my father considered selfish? It shouldn't be counted, right?
Therefore, if his good behavior (altruism) does not enable him to obtain from the other party what he thinks is the corresponding reward, or is less than what he thinks is the corresponding reward, then it can be expected that his good behavior will disappear or decrease, if he can obtain the corresponding reward
If he is rewarded, his good behavior will continue to be performed. Although this type of behavior is indeed inconvenient to be called selfish in a static sense only from the perspective of behavioral effects (self-interest and others), but if it is viewed in a dynamic sense and subjectively
In terms of consciousness and motivation, there is good reason to call it selfish.
From this point of view, defining selfishness only from the perspective of objective behavior takes into account the unity of behavioral motives, but does not pay attention to the contradictions and disconnection of concepts and behaviors, so it does not summarize all the ways people use the concept of selfishness.
The connotation, therefore, has considerable limitations.
In fact, in Huang Buxi's world, selfishness is not just defined in this way.
How to define selfishness in terms of subjective consciousness and motivation?
Undoubtedly, there is a basis for defining selfishness from the perspective of subjective consciousness: First, only humans have distinct consciousness (in a relative sense, of course). Therefore, from the perspective of subjective consciousness, we can distinguish human selfishness from the "selfishness" of other animals.
"(instinct) is well distinguished. Moreover, this is in line with my purpose of studying selfishness only in people; secondly, defining selfishness from the perspective of subjective consciousness and motivation makes it easier to understand selfishness and people from a dynamic perspective, thereby avoiding objective behavior.
Limitations of the definition; 3. Motivation and consciousness are more powerful than the behavior itself. The logic is: Normally, human behavior is always conscious behavior. If we can truly eliminate consciousness and motivation, we can eliminate the behavior itself at the same time.
, but eliminating behavior does not mean eliminating consciousness and motivation. As long as motivation and consciousness still exist, it can re-produce the eliminated behavior...
Therefore, Huang Buxi defined selfishness as: when a person has an interest relationship with others or society, he first considers his own interests more than others. When a person thinks that there is no conflict between himself and the interests of others, this kind of self-interest
The motivation to consider can guide behaviors that are objectively beneficial to others and self-interest; when people think that their own interests are in conflict with the interests of others and society, this motivation to consider their own interests will be expressed as sacrificing the interests of others and society to maintain development.
behavior in one's own interests.
Defining selfishness in this way may still not summarize all the essential characteristics of people's use of this concept. But one thing is certain, the concept of selfishness must be grasped from multiple angles, multi-levels, and dynamically as a whole. For this reason, it is necessary to
Combine the study of people's subjective consciousness, motivation and objective behavior.
Moreover, selfishness is not absolute, but relative...
One of the relative meanings of selfishness is that selfishness is relative to selflessness (selflessness).
Without selfishness, there is no selflessness, and vice versa. They are a pair of contradictions, interdependent.
Some thinkers believe that one of the principles and laws that governs how people deal with the interests of others and society is "selfishness" (selfishness). When dealing with the interests of others and society, people have only one concept, consciousness, and motivation, and that is "selfishness"
"For yourself", people will not sacrifice their own happiness for the happiness of others.
Even if someone objectively performs behavior that is beneficial to others and society, even if it is at the expense of his own life, it is just to satisfy his own sympathy and his own impulse to cherish honor.
In the early years, some young people in our country discussed the issue of the value of life. The famous Pan Xiao also talked about the issue of selfishness. He believed that even those who are called noble and selfless people are just "subjectively for themselves and objectively for others."
”.
The objective effect of a person's behavior is objectively beneficial to others and society. We always have to look at the problem from an objective perspective. The fact of "subjectively for oneself" has no actual impact on society, while "objectively for others" has no actual impact on society.
The impact on society is great. This is the selflessness of altruism."
Every time Huang Buyi thinks about this, he feels that he is great. There is no selfishness. He even thinks about Lin Sen. If he wants to grab the Xuanyuan Sword, Lin Sen will grab the King's Sword. Isn't it great?