The Japanese economy was in ruins after the war. After a period of adjustment and recovery, the economy began to take off after entering the 1860s, which lasted for more than 10 years, with an annual growth rate of about 10%. Japan experienced the era of controlled economy before and after World War II.
This era was dominated by the military industry, which cultivated many technical talents and carried out technical reserves.
After World War II, the United States occupied Japan alone for seven years to ensure the integrity of Japan's territory and the unity of its social system and ideology, which was conducive to Japan's long-term and stable development. The United States also carried out reforms based on democracy and the rule of law against Japan.
Political transformation. Professors Robert Edelstein and Jean-Michael Paul said: "To achieve success, it is necessary to immediately carry out extensive institutional reforms, that is, to creatively break down those obstacles that hinder Japan's economic recovery or economic growth."
Due to the needs of the "Cold War", it gave strong support to the recovery and development of Japan's economy. The United States gave up its war claims against Japan and canceled its plan to demolish Japanese military industries as war compensation. From January 1947 to March 1948, the United States successively
Two new plans were proposed, and the previous "compensation plan" was significantly modified, reducing the demolition of industrial equipment to 30% of the plan. By May 1949, it was simply announced that all compensation payments from Japan would be cancelled. In the early post-war period, the United States
Japan provided more than 2 billion US dollars in aid and loans, and provided Japan with a large amount of oil, coal, iron ore and other energy and raw materials. This promoted the revitalization of the Japanese economy after the war, and the US "nuclear umbrella" strategy greatly saved security and defense.
cost.,
The two local wars in Asia provided important opportunities for Japan's economic development. The Korean War, in particular, greatly promoted the pace of Japan's post-war economic recovery. The war caused a "special needs boom", and the US military invading North Korea placed a large number of military orders with Japanese manufacturers.
and the purchase of cheap labor services, which wiped out the 10 to 15 million yen of unsalable products accumulated by Japanese companies, and in one fell swoop changed the passive situation of the Japanese economy, which was struggling amid fiscal austerity.
According to statistics, from the outbreak of the war to 1953, this kind of special needs income was 1.28 billion U.S. dollars, and special needs income in a broad sense was 2.38 billion U.S. dollars. Japan's foreign exchange reserves were only 200 million U.S. dollars in 1949, and did not increase to 1.14 billion U.S. dollars in 1952. Three
It increased nearly five times during the year. The proportion of special needs income in foreign exchange earnings reached 38.1% in 1953. More than 200,000 people directly benefited from special needs production. In short, by 1955, Japan's special needs income totaled US$3.6 billion.
The 1950s was an export-oriented era, and the 1960s began an era of free capital economics with rapid economic growth. The so-called 10-year economic doubling plan, Japan introduced Western technology and management, mainly purchased patents at high prices, introduced production lines and production licenses, and gradually created
It developed its own characteristic management and formed independent innovation capabilities. After the energy crisis in the 1970s, efforts were made to improve technology. During this period, economic growth entered a mature period. Japan did not control oil prices at that time, allowing market forces to promote energy-saving technological progress.
In the 1960s, due to the continuation of the "Cold War", Japan became a bridgehead to contain the communist regime in Asia. In order to stabilize this fortress, the United States spared no effort to support Japan's economic development. By 1968, Japan's gross national product ranked first in the world.
Second place. By the 1980s, Japan was not only second to the United States in terms of economic scale, but also ranked among the best in the world in terms of industrial technology and equipment level, high-precision processing capabilities, and industrial structure. These show that as a
An era of catch-up in a historical development stage has ended in Japan.
The economic system, production relations and business ideas established with the goal of catching up are facing profound adjustments. However, Japan does not seem to realize that the great turning period is coming. It still continues its past policy ideas and development models, and does not pay attention to cultivating independence.
The ability and mechanism to develop development. A large amount of excess capital was not combined with technological innovation and industrial innovation, but flowed to real estate and the stock market, creating a bubble economy. This has brought about sequelae that are difficult to eliminate, such as a large number of bank bad debts,
A weak stock market, lack of investment confidence, sluggish consumption, and huge fiscal deficits have still plagued the Japanese economy.
The two companies "Tianci Certificate?" and "Angel Fund" have combined the funds and loans they raised and put them into the Japanese market this time. The total amount has reached 5 billion U.S. dollars. Such a huge amount of funds will have a negative impact on the Japanese financial market.
Although it is not too much, it is still quite a lot. Add in some investors who have taken notice of the situation, and the amount of money pouring into Japan can reach a terrifying level.
But these are not what Feng Yifeng should pay attention to. He invested the money in the Japanese market and it was immediately broken into pieces. In addition to investing part of it in the financial market, real estate and high-tech industries are also his current goals. In addition, Wenxiu is also
Hong Kong was operating at a high speed. It started to acquire some of the targets that had been established in Hong Kong, and then quickly reorganized and sold them again to cash out funds.
As a large amount of money entered Japan, the hot money brought about a skyrocketing increase in Japanese stocks and property prices. In less than two months, the original selling price of one square meter in the suburbs of Tokyo nearly tripled.
Many Tokyo citizens mortgaged their houses to banks, and after receiving loans, they also invested in the stock market. As the saying goes, whatever you buy will rise, so that the stock market in Japan is booming. There are even some cases where the stock market is booming.
Many people in Japan's securities industry boldly predict that within five years, Japan's economy will surpass the United States and become the world's largest economy. By then, it will be able to wash away the shame of World War II and stand at the top of the world again.
After World War II and before being occupied by the US military, foreigners had never invaded or conquered Japan, nor had large-scale foreign immigration occurred. The long-term stability and relatively closed environment enabled the Japanese to develop a special national consciousness.
In their concepts and feelings, there is a clear dividing line between foreign nations and the Japanese nation, which naturally creates a sense of affinity and cohesion among the own nation. At the same time, it also forms a mentality of "difference between the inside and the outside" when dealing with foreign nations. This mentality has become the basis for today's Japanese companies to unite with foreign countries.
One of the foundations of competitive group consciousness has also become the psychological cornerstone of Japan's willingness to absorb advanced foreign cultures, including those of hostile countries. Therefore, traditional Japanese culture is compatible, tolerant and co-existing, and is an open
sex, a diversified cultural complex. Of course, in international cultural exchanges, it always "accepts a lot, but gives very little."
In order to obtain more, Japan does not mind at all the influx of funds from the United States and even Europe into Japan. In their view, this shows that Japan is gradually beginning to replace the status of the United States. Otherwise, there would not be so many people who are optimistic about Japan's economy and have invested in it.
A large amount of capital was invested. With sufficient capital, Japan's small and medium-sized enterprises began to take notice and began to make large amounts of high-value loans to banks. The banks were also optimistic about the market outlook. Without sufficient mortgages, they could easily borrow money.
Money is lent to those companies, and the companies put the funds in the stock market, causing the company's own stock price to soar. The bosses of those companies naturally make a lot of money, and the small shareholders who bought the stocks also make big gains.
This is simply a vicious cycle, but no one sees it now, because no one believes that Japan's economy will have a bubble and burst. In the next few years, many Japanese companies will even set their sights on American industries.
and businesses.
In fact, starting in 1977, Finance Minister Blumesa of the Carter administration in the United States used the trade surplus between Japan and the former Federal Republic of Germany as a reason to verbally intervene in the foreign exchange market, hoping to stimulate U.S. exports and reduce U.S. exports through dollar depreciation.
trade deficit. His speech caused investors to sell the U.S. dollar crazily, and the U.S. dollar depreciated sharply against the currencies of major industrial countries. In early 1977, the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the Japanese yen was 290 yen per U.S. dollar, and fell to a low of 170 yen in the autumn of 1978.
The dollar fell by 41.38%. The U.S. government was shocked. In the autumn of 1978, President Carter launched a "rescue dollar package" to support the price of the dollar.
As the fiscal deficit of the United States increased sharply at this time, the foreign trade deficit increased significantly. The U.S. government hoped to increase the export competitiveness of its products through the depreciation of the U.S. dollar to improve the U.S. international balance of payments imbalance. The depreciation of the U.S. dollar allowed those Japanese companies to start again
Arrogant and arrogant, many Japanese bosses waved checks and traveled around the United States, wanting to acquire any buildings and businesses they saw and liked.
Because of this, four years later, the United States, led by the United States, and the finance ministers and central bank governors of the Federal Republic of Germany, France, and the United Kingdom (referred to as G5) held a meeting at the Plaza Hotel in New York, and the world-famous "
Plaza Accord".
The superficial economic background of the "Plaza Accord" is to solve the huge trade deficit problem caused by the overvaluation of the US dollar. However, judging from the huge amount of US dollar assets owned by Japanese investors, the "Plaza Accord" is to attack the largest creditor's rights of the United States.
Country - Japan.
But these are things for the future, but because of the depreciation of the US dollar, it has indeed driven the Japanese market and economy to develop rapidly again, and it has also given investors who have seen the situation clearly and come to Japan a lot to gain money. Watch it every day
As Japan's Nikkei Stock Average rose, their hands cramped when counting money. Naturally, Feng Yifeng was among them. He was sitting in the company now, listening to Carlos and Dent's reports, and his heart was filled with excitement.
Jump out quickly. Because within half a year, the money he invested in Japan has nearly doubled.
"Boss, we have won a big victory this time. Do we want to continue? I think Japan's financial market will continue to rise. If we continue, we will definitely make a lot of money." Seeing those jumping people
Looking at the numbers, Carlos already felt that he was about to have another heart attack. He followed the company and made a fortune this time. With the bonus promised by Feng Yifeng, he estimated that eight figures would definitely be unavoidable.
"No, we have to start evacuating." Feng Yifeng looked at the computer screen calmly, not looking at Carlos's flushed face.
"What? Withdraw?" Not to mention Carlos screamed, even Mani and Dent looked at Feng Yifeng in shock.
"That's right, we will start slowly withdrawing funds now, convert the Japanese yen we obtained into US dollars, and pay off all the loans. However, the funds in Japanese real estate will be transferred to Hong Kong, and only the funds in the stock market will be transferred back to me.
That's fine." He didn't answer why he wanted to withdraw most of the funds, but Feng Yifeng handed a document to Carlos.
It turns out that the depreciation of the U.S. dollar has indeed saved the increasingly depressed U.S. manufacturing industry and reduced the trade surplus. However, this is only temporary. The United States cannot maintain this exchange rate forever, otherwise the impact on the U.S. economy and the world economy will still be huge.
Fez has collected information that the depreciation of the US dollar this time was actually caused by those large consortiums. Now that their goal has been achieved, they will soon withdraw funds from Japan. By then, the US dollar exchange rate will rise again and return to the level of Japan.
The previous level. If we don’t withdraw the funds now, a lot of the profits earned in the early stage will be spit out by then. This is something no one wants to see. And the most important thing is Feng Yifeng’s big move and the money-grabbing
The speed has attracted the attention of some people. Although the "angel funds" shared part of the attention, the funds doubled in half a year, and his name as a "financial wizard" once again entered the sight of those predators.
(This is different from history, and a lot of it is collected information. Don’t mind it too much. After all, writing a book is not writing history. I am not a financial professional, so many of them may not be suitable for reality. As long as everyone can understand the meaning.