Shoehorns from the Ming Dynasty. Luo Tian did not expect to see such an unconventional collection before getting married. Shoehorns have a long history and have been mentioned in many literary works. Among some unearthed cultural relics, dynasties include
In the Yuan Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, an object used to lift shoes would be found on the back of the shoes. This object was a shoehorn. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that the shoehorn had written records.
Regarding the origin of the shoehorn, it is now difficult to find clear traces from historical documents. A clearer description of the "shoehorn" is from Li Guangting's "Xiang Yan Jie Yi" in the Qing Dynasty.
In "Ten Things about Miscellaneous Things", there is a special exposition on the shoehorn. He said: "In the world, cattle have many uses. And they make utensils according to materials, examine curves and surfaces, and achieve their ingenuity.
Don't use shoehorns. There is a saying: "If the clothes are not too big, the shoes will not compete with the silk", which is what women say. Men's shoes should only be suitable for them; if you want them to be tight, use a shoehorn. Local proverb
He said: 'Give me little shoes to wear, and I will give you a shoe that cannot be lifted up.' If you pull it out, lift it up to make it go up."
He also has a seven-character poem about "shoe horn". The poem goes: "But if you know the steepness and tightness, you will rush to run. If you don't want to be muddy, you will be like a heel. Who is willing to cut off the toes if you are suitable? There is a skill in picking sunflowers, don't hurt the roots; just rely on a corner."
With the power of swinging, there are no traces of my steps; I will never forget that when I went straight up to the blue clouds, I only squatted a few times on the stairs."
It can be seen from the poem that the shoehorn is used to lift shoes. The function of the shoehorn is to use its "swinging force" to help people put their feet into shoes easily and smoothly.
The lower end is curved, and the upper end has a handle. The length of the handle varies. There is usually a hole at the top of the handle. A rope can be threaded through the hole for easy hanging. The top of some "shoehorns" is carved into a deer head, a Buddha head or a peacock shape, which means
Good luck and good luck. The more valuable ones include ivory, jade, horn, agate, crystal, animal bone, gold, silver, mahogany or sandalwood and other precious wood materials; common ones include copper
, iron, aluminum, alloy and other ordinary metals, as well as ordinary wooden and plastic ones.
Although the shoehorns are small, most of them are carved, inlaid and shaped very beautifully. Some shoehorns have tops carved into the shape of deer heads, Buddha heads or peacocks, which symbolize good luck and good luck.
The reason why we work hard on a small shoehorn is because "shoe", "evil" and "harmony" are all homophones. Judging from the pronunciation of shoehorn itself, it was also believed by the ancients to mean "pulling out evil".
, the one Luo Tian is holding is made of mahogany, from the late Qing Dynasty, and has the most traditional shape, with a curved lower end and a handle at the upper end. Folklore collections have tended to be deserted over the years, but recently the public has become more aware of collections.
As more and more people come here, more and more people collect folklore collections.
Luo Tian wrote this appraisal certificate. Seeing that the authenticity of the appraisals had been separated from the fake ones, Luo Tian asked his employees to move these away so that there would not be much left, and he felt a lot calmer.
, Zhang Qiwei looked at the time: "Luo Tian, it's lunch time. You still have one afternoon. Let's have a meal first. There isn't much left now."
Luo Tian's stomach had been growling for a long time. He had just tried his best to get it done as soon as possible. After all, there were two other women at home who were busy. Luo Tian was forced to go to dinner by Zhang Qiwei.
I often go to a restaurant, but I don’t see Yuan Jie’s shadow: “Where has Fatty Yuan gone?”
"Now during the two-hour break at noon, he rushes to the bar as soon as he gets off work at noon." Zhang Qiwei said: "After all, now that he has his child in his belly, he will always be concerned about it, but it is strange to say that this Yuan
Jay has been talking less recently, which really makes me a bit uncomfortable."
Yes, Luo Tian realized at this time that he had been busy all morning, and Yuan Jie rarely spoke. It seemed that his speaking style suddenly changed. It turns out that men will become more mature when they become fathers. That is like
For someone like me who is already a mature man, won’t he become more mature after having children?
Luo Tian was wolfing down his meal, so Zhang Qiwei called for another glass of water: "Don't worry, I can definitely finish it in the afternoon. Besides, men don't actually matter when it comes to taking wedding photos. You can just do it when the time comes.
A good foil is enough, the focus is on Cheng Zhen."
This is true. Women care more about whether they look beautiful when photographed. As for men, just make a nice and quiet vase next to them. The most important thing is how the flowers in the vase look like. Luo Tianjing and Zhang Qiwei
He said that he immediately relaxed. The last time he took a magazine cover photo, he was very upset and attracted a little bee to himself. Fortunately, he managed to get rid of it. "That's right. I will pose tomorrow and the rest will be done."
I've left it to the photographer, I think I'm going to find some studio to shoot tomorrow, not a photo studio." Luo Tian said.
"This is good. You can use it as a reference first. Zhao Min and I can also learn from it later." Zhang Qiwei's expression became much brighter when he mentioned Zhao Min. He saw Luo Tian finish eating quickly and stood up: "
Qiwei, you eat slowly, I will go back to work first."
The dining place was only more than ten meters away from the company, but Luo Tian felt it was very long. Perhaps he was eagerly hoping for the wedding in his heart. As soon as he arrived at the company, Luo Tian rushed into the workroom without delaying for a moment.
Among the remaining collections, the first thing Luo Tian collected was a seven-colored stone, which had not undergone any processing at all. In China, only two places in China, Hubei Huangshi and Guizhou, produce colorful stones. Among them, Huangshi is the only one that produces colorful stones.
Colorful stones are better, just like the one on my hand, which is produced by Huangshi.
Huangshi is known as the "Jiangnan Cornucopia" and is extremely rich in mineral deposits. Ferrous metals include iron and manganese, non-ferrous metals include copper, tungsten, molybdenum, zinc, lead, cobalt, and nickel. Precious metals include gold and silver, and scattered elements include germanium and gallium.
Thallium, indium, selenium, strontium, rhenium, tellurium, etc. The mineral deposits of Yellowstone are mostly in a polymetallic symbiosis state. The part close to the surface will undergo a series of chemical changes under the action of external factors such as sun and rain, making it colorful.
It is the result of this long-term change. The more metals and non-metallic components contained in the ore, the richer and brighter the color. According to measurements, the specific gravity of Yellowstone Colorful Stone is 3.3-4, and the hardness varies depending on the mineral composition, with the highest
5---6.
The appearance of the colorful stone is like small crystals as big as pepper seeds or fish roes, showing colorful and beautiful colors. They are densely attached to the uneven stone body.
People are dazzled, and the output of colorful stones produced by Huangshi is not large. Only at the end of the last century, some mines produced this kind of stone. Because of its extremely high ornamental value, collectors from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Europe and the United States were ecstatic, and a large number of
Acquisition. This kind of ornamental stone is now very rare in the local area, and the colorful stone without any processing is even more rare.
Luo Tian may have subconsciously put the rarest and most valuable collections at the end. People have a mentality of having the finale. Luo Tian followed this rule unconsciously, and now he is holding a Langyao red piece.
porcelain, and it belongs to the oxblood red of Langyao red.
Lang Kiln was one of the official kilns in the Qing Dynasty, that is, from the 44th to the 51st year of Kangxi (1705-1712), Lang Tingji, the governor of Jiangxi, supervised and supervised the burning of the imperial kiln. The name Langyaohong is related to this Jiangxi governor.
Governor Lang Ting is not unrelated.
In addition to Lang Kiln red glaze, Lang Kiln's products also include Lang Kiln green, Lang Kiln blue glaze and gold tracing, Lang Kiln blue and white, multicolored, etc. The greatest achievement of Lang Kiln is to restore the lost copper red glaze firing technology in the mid-Ming Dynasty, and successfully
The famous Lang Kiln red is fired on the ground. Copper raw material is used as a colorant, which has been used on lead green glaze pottery as early as the Han Dynasty. The lead green glaze is the color of copper in a low-temperature oxidation flame.
High-temperature copper red first appeared in the Changsha kiln of the Tang Dynasty, and was also used for decoration in the Changsha kiln of the Tang Dynasty and the Jun kiln of the Song Dynasty. Really fired copper-red glaze porcelain began in the Jingdezhen kiln of the Yuan Dynasty, and the glaze color was dark red.
.It laid the foundation for the development of copper-red glaze in later generations. It was not until the Yongle and Xuande years of the early Ming Dynasty that the Jingdezhen kiln truly fired bright red high-temperature copper-red glaze porcelain. However, this firing technology was lost by the middle of the Ming Dynasty.
More than 200 years ago, in the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, high-temperature copper-red glaze porcelain was successfully fired in Lang Kiln.
The typical characteristics of Langyao Red are: brilliant color, bright red color, and a strong glassy luster. Because the glaze juice is thick and flows at high temperatures, the finished Langyao Red often has a white body on the edge of the mouth, showing a
The spiral white line is commonly known as the lamp grass edge. The glaze juice flows down and condenses at the bottom edge, which is almost black-red. In order to prevent the glaze from flowing down the bottom foot, the craftsman uses a scraper to scrape a two-layer platform outside the circle foot to prevent the glaze from flowing down.
This is a unique technique in the production process of Langyao red porcelain, and it is known as "Guo Guo Chuo Zui Lang Bu Liu" in the world.
During the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties of the Qing Dynasty, the social economy was relatively prosperous, and the porcelain making technology reached the historical peak of our country. Not only could all the existing varieties in the Ming Dynasty be fired, but most of them were improved or innovated. Because there was Emperor Qianlong who reigned for 60 years
He loved art, and under his advocacy, Langhong ware was more mature than Kangxi and produced more exquisite products. In addition, during the Qianlong period, the thin glaze ware in Langhong was like chicken blood, which was called "chicken blood red"; the glaze layer
It is thicker and has a deep color, just like newly coagulated cow blood, which is called "ox blood red". Langhong glaze uses copper as a colorant and is fired at a high temperature of 1300c. Due to the strict temperature requirements for the firing atmosphere, the firing
It was very difficult to make a successful product. Therefore, there was a folk proverb at that time: "If you want to be poor, burn Langhong." Therefore, Langhong ware was very expensive at that time.
In addition to the main features mentioned above, Langyao Red also has the characteristics of the Kangxi Dynasty. First, the fetal bones are white, dense and hard, and the exposed soles of the feet are flint red; second, the rim is coated with a powdery pink-white glaze.
Or the glaze is pulpy white, and often has broken bubbles; third, the foot pedicure has a flat-cut style, a flat-cut angular slightly rounded style, a rolled round style, or a two-story table style with the inside closed and the outside slanted; fourth, the body of the vessel is red glaze and the foot is
Except for the exposed tire, there is a white line; fifth, the shapes of the vessels are unique, such as Guanyin bottles, oil hammer bottles, and hat-shaped bowls, which were all very popular in the Kangxi period; sixth, most of them have no style, and occasionally there are blue and white "Fu", "Fu" and "Fu" in blue and white.