I stayed up all night with my brother last night. I only slept for 4 hours during the day. I had to send him off on the train to the south at 10pm. I was very tired, but considering that I have never had a record of interrupting updates or asking for leave, we can't break my own rules.
, I had to hurry up and type. My head is a little confused. This chapter may be a bit boring. I won’t check for typos yet. Please bear with me. At least everyone can see the credibility of the brother, right?
------------Yunzheng's success for a period of time has made him a little more confident. This time the weapon he mentioned turned out to be a flintlock gun that directly crossed the matchlock gun!
In fact, Yunzheng has enough knowledge in this regard, but his actual level is limited. For example, he only knows some basic principles and shapes of flintlock guns, but such things as the maximum chamber pressure of gunpowder, what kind of qualified steel pipe to use, the caliber and charge,
How to precisely process gunpowder, the specific internal structure of a flintlock gun, the rifling and scale, and what kind of boring machine is used to make the rifling... He almost doesn't know very well.
According to what our Marshal Yun takes for granted, a flintlock gun is nothing more than: 1. A thick oil pipe 2. A long enough piece of wood 3. Add an iron platform to the wood 4. Add the iron pipe 5. Put the iron
The platform and the gun shaft are welded together
You can't blame him. For a half-hearted fan of the Puppet Army, it's pretty good that he can remember these things. Recently, Yunzheng has been very proud of his love life on the "battlefield". Just now he heard Dongfang Wuqing and Li Mo talking about Xige and Xige.
In Yun Zheng's view, the introduction of the Tang Sect's firearm capabilities was not "Wow, such a powerful thing?" but "Wow, it appeared so early?"
But for people like him who have seen bullets raining down from the sky in later movies, he got used to it in a blink of an eye, and then felt that since they have done it so well now, it can be seen that the basic scientific and technological capabilities of our Great Wei Dynasty have already
It's very good, so with the advanced ideas of this young marshal, wouldn't it be surprising to come up with something even more powerful?
Yunzheng, a liberal arts student with a fairly good history, finally made a mistake. He ignored the experience or rules of the development of gunpowder.
Let’s talk about the history of the previous life. From the matchlock gun to the flintlock gun, how many changes did it go through before it was successful?
For example, in the late 10th century AD, military technicians and military commanders of the Northern Song Dynasty in my country adjusted and modified the original formula of the matchlock gun based on the formulas used by alchemists in the process of refining elixirs. Primitive weapons were used in combat, ushering in a new era of firearms in the history of human warfare. In 1259, the first year of Kaiqing in the Southern Song Dynasty, firearms developers in Shouchun Prefecture, now Shouxian County, Anhui Province, invented the musket, which was the first individual soldier in human history. The creation of the hand-held bamboo musket, the musket, attracted the attention of firearms developers from all over the world in later generations. It is recognized as the earliest tubular firearm in the world and can be called the originator of the world's firearms.
Counting from this time, the matchlock gun alone has undergone hundreds of years of development before it truly withdraws from the stage of history and is truly equipped in the army for combat. It has a history of at least more than two hundred years. And Yunzheng wants to do it now.
But it was a flintlock gun - this is almost the Great Leap Forward!
The reason why Yunzheng had the idea to go directly to the flintlock gun instead of the matchlock gun was because he had extreme distrust of the matchlock gun. It has many shortcomings, especially in the extreme environment of the battlefield.
First, since igniting a matchlock requires a length of match rope (usually a fuse made of several strands of fine linen rope, boiled in vinegar or soaked in gunpowder), each musketeer at that time had to use it on himself
Carrying a match rope several meters long, they must light the match rope before going into battle, because it is extremely difficult to light the match rope when the weather is humid, and experienced warriors will light both ends of the match rope to fire the second shot at any time. In this way,
A match rope cannot be burned for long. During the British Bourgeois Revolutionary War, a Sir Ralph was caught in this dilemma. At that time, he was besieged by Waller in Devitches. Because all the match ropes were used up,
He had to order his officers to "search for all the ropes from house to house in the city, bring them all back, hammer them and cook them as soon as possible." Used as a match for emergency purposes, the match is also dangerous when lit. If you are not careful, sparks will ignite.
The ammunition belts carried on the body can cause explosions and injure the musketeers themselves, and the lit matches can easily expose themselves at night, making it almost impossible to sneak attack the enemy at night - China often likes to use night sneak attack tactics in the cold weapon era, and was
It is called stealing camp. Because of the cavalry, the Yun family army is now the leader of the Wei Dynasty. It is really difficult for Yun Zheng to accept such a weapon.
Second, the shooting process of the matchlock is very complicated and slow. Qi Jiguang recorded 10 processes for using the matchlock in "Qi Jiguang's Art of War". In Europe, Jacob de Gayer of Amsterdam published a volume of illustrations in 1607.
"Weapon Practice" describes the steps for firing a matchlock gun. It is divided into 25 steps. When a musketeer goes into battle, he must bring a gun and a matchlock, which are divided into two parts: the gun for internal use and the fire door use, projectiles, and fork brackets. Once the enemy and we are
During a firefight, the shooter is busy firing - reloading - and firing again. His hands and feet must be very agile. The best shooter can only fire two or three rounds per minute. How can Yunzheng, a later generation fan of the puppet army, be satisfied?
?
Third, it cannot be used in rainy days because water will enter and the fire will not start. In fact, it is not only unusable in rainy days, but also cannot be used in strong winds, because the wind will blow away the transmission on the fire door. And because the fire door was used at that time, there was smoke.
Therefore, when shooting, it is like a smoke bomb, which will seriously blind the sight of one's own troops.
Fourth, the accuracy is poor, the effective range is short, and it can only shoot targets within 100m.
There are four obvious big problems here. Of course Yunzheng doesn't like the matchlock gun. What he wants is a flintlock gun.
It was the Spaniards who first invented the flintlock gun. They replaced the match rope with a spring-loaded hammer. A flint was clamped on the jaw of the hammer. There was an anvil next to the fire hole. If you needed to shoot, just pull the trigger.
Under the action of the spring, the flint is hit hard on the edge of the fire door, causing sparks to ignite the ignition powder. This firing mechanism is called a percussion flintlock engine, and a firearm equipped with a percussion tunnel firing mechanism is called
Impact-type flintlock muskets The impact-type flintlock musket greatly simplifies the shooting process, improves the firing rate and shooting accuracy, is easy to use, and has low cost, making it convenient for mass production.
What Yunzheng can remember about the structure of the flintlock gun is mainly to know two things: First, flintlock means that the flint strikes the metal sheet to create sparks, which ignites the gunpowder and launches the ammunition. Second, the gears play a big role here.
After hearing Yunzheng's words, Dongfang Wuqing was more skeptical than surprised: "Accurate shooting from a hundred paces away?" Her doubts were not unreasonable. It was not unusual to shoot gunpowder ammunition a hundred paces away, but it was different to shoot accurately from a hundred paces away.
, and Yunzheng has previously stated that the firearm he is considering designing is an individual combat weapon. If an individual combat weapon can "accurately shoot" at a distance of a hundred steps, then the crossbow will have great advantages.
The ground was offset. As a crossbow expert, Dongfang Wuqing certainly had reason not to believe it.
Li Mo also had some doubts: "They all refer to the so-called accuracy. How accurate is it?"
Yun Zheng didn't realize that he was bragging. Instead, he said with a smile: "If this weapon is born, if it hits someone's head a hundred steps away, it shouldn't hit the stomach." He originally wanted to say, "It shouldn't."
"I'll spank you on the butt", but suddenly I remembered that Dongfang Wuqing was present, so I had to replace my butt with my stomach, so these words sounded a little weird.
Dongfang Wuqing and Li Mo looked at each other, and both could see the suspicion in the other's heart. Finally, Li Mo, who was more familiar with gunpowder, asked: "They all refer to this new... fire gun, can you tell us the general structure?
How can you be so capable?”
Yun Zheng was startled. Only then did he realize that although he had planned everything in his head, it was extremely difficult to make a sample by himself. The specific structure... Sorry, we forgot about it.
However, Dongfang Wuqing saved him. She shook her head: "Even if you hurt someone accurately from a hundred steps away, it's not that serious. If nothing else, Marshal Yun, last time we sent Dongge to Yingyang Guard.
The accuracy of the batch of hand crossbows can also reach this level, and the range is longer and more powerful. The manufacturing process of the musket is more complicated than the hand crossbows, and the materials are more expensive. Isn't it better to manufacture this weapon in this way than in large quantities?
Is it still worthwhile to equip a hand crossbow?”
When Yun Zheng heard this, he suddenly became silent. This was really ignored. He had been thinking about firearms for the past few days, but he had forgotten the original business of meeting Dongfang Wuqing. Dongfang Wuqing's new hand crossbow was really better than the firearms of this era.
Stronger, at least in terms of individual soldier lethality.
Yun Zheng pondered for a moment and waved his hand: "No, there is something Miss Wuqing forgot."
"Oh?" Dongfang Wuqing frowned.
"That's the production cycle," Yun Zheng said: "Making a crossbow is similar to making a bow, and a good bow should have six characteristics: first, the bow body is light and strong; second, the bow is easy to draw and has good elasticity; third, it is long
The shooting power does not decrease with time; fourth, the shooting power remains unchanged regardless of winter and summer; fifth, the sound when shooting is crisp; sixth, the bow is made with the bow body straight when the bow is opened. Miss Wuqing is an expert, and naturally knows that it is necessary to
Dry animal ligaments are used, soaked in glue soup and combed, so that they no longer stretch before they can be used to make bows; when making the bow body, the dry material of the bow must be bent in the opposite direction of the bow opening, and then the horns are attached
The key to optimizing the bow structure is that the length of the 'section' should be appropriate, so that the bow will be strong and powerful; the glue should be applied thinly when making the bow, so as not to affect the elasticity of the bow due to changes in the glue.
The role of the "Wangshan" on the machine ("Wangshan" was invented during the Western Han Dynasty) is that the muzzle velocity of the crossbow arrow is high and the ballistic trajectory is close to a straight line, so the scale on the "Wangshan" can be used to align the arrowhead and then aim it at the target before firing to improve the hit rate.
However, if this Wangshan is to really play a good role, each crossbow must be carefully adjusted to its Wangshan, coupled with the selection of crossbow wood, and the manufacture of the crossbow machine...'Everything is a bow, and it needs to be dried in winter.
, while Chunyejiao, Xiayejin, Qiuhesancai, Handianti, and Bingxijue' are made of completely dry bows in the winter of the first year; in the spring, the horns are made into suitable sizes.
In summer, they will be carded and shaped, steamed with wine, hammered, tightened, and hand-teared to prevent them from shrinking into thin strips; in autumn, the ribs will be pasted on the outside of the bow stem and the horns will be pasted on the inside of the bow stem; in winter, the
The silk is wound around the bow joints with fine silk; it is painted when it is extremely cold; it is stringed in the third spring. Therefore, it takes ancient craftsmen four years in total to make a good bow, including the selection of materials. In other words, four years
If there is a war later, the required materials must be prepared at least four years ago. So what if there is a temporary war? There is no way, but the musket will not be so troublesome. The wood used for the musket is not so particular, and the iron pipe of the gun body is completely
You can make it first and leave it there. This is no different from a bowstring. It will not break due to rain or humidity. As long as the quality of the gunpowder meets the requirements, muskets can be manufactured in large quantities at any time. The manufacturing cycle of a musket will not exceed five days. Miss Wu Qing can
Think about it, who has the advantage after all?" (Note: The production cycle only represents the total time required to manufacture a single weapon, but many can be manufactured at the same time) Dongfang Wuqing frowned, this was something she rarely paid attention to.
But after listening to what Yunzheng said, I feel that making crossbows is indeed a lot more troublesome than firearms.
When Yun Zheng saw that Dongfang Wuqing was silent, he felt relieved. In fact, he knew that in the early days of the development of muskets, there were really few advantages compared to crossbows. In the battle between the British longbow faction and the musketeer faction, the longbow faction proposed six major advantages.
, no joke: first, a well-trained archer has a higher shooting accuracy than an arquebusier - an arquebusier can only shoot accurately at very close ranges - while a good archer can shoot at 150 to
Accurately hit the target at a distance of 200 yards - an arquebusier at a distance of more than 100 yards, God knows what he can hit. Second, bows and arrows are very simple weapons, while firearms are very complex and prone to all kinds of malfunctions.
Clogged or stained with stolen goods, they are prone to leaking and can only be repaired by professional craftsmen. Humid weather can render gunpowder ineffective, and strong winds can blow out the match, or blow the sparks from the match to a cartridge filled with gunpowder or to a third party on the belt.
In the fierce battle, except for the most experienced and determined soldiers, most people are prone to operational errors. In the rush, soldiers may forget to load the filler between the gunpowder and the projectile. Smyth has seen many soldiers' guns because there is no filler.
When the muzzle is pointed down, the projectile rolls out from the muzzle. This is why when a group of rookie arquebusiers shoot at the opponent's entire phalanx at close range, you often only see a few fallen ones. Fourth, the arquebusiers have the most
Archers can only be arranged in two rows in battle, while archers can be arranged in six rows in depth, because the rows behind can carry out transcendent shooting. Fifth, matchlocks are much heavier than bows, and it is easy to cause soldiers to march tired. In addition, it is also easy to
Let them lose their accuracy after half an hour of rapid fire. The sixth, most important and cliché but most effective one is about the rate of fire. An archer can aim and fire six times per minute, while an arquebusier can only shoot every two or three minutes.
Shooting once, and this was under the condition that he strictly followed the procedures.
However, Yun Zheng is not worried that Dongfang Wuqing will use these points to question him, because he has reasons to refute. For example, if bad weather is not good for matchlock guns, it will not be much better for bows. Rain can make the bow strings relax.
After marching on a rainy day, arrow feathers tend to fall off, and archers will also be nervous in battle. Sometimes nervous archers do not pull the arrows over their heads and shoot randomly without aiming. They just want to shoot as many arrows as possible to compare with the arquebusiers.
For example, an archer relies on his own physical ability. "If he can't have a full meal every day like he does at home, and can't sleep warmly at night, he will become very weak and naturally cannot shoot decent arrows."
In fact, this last point is the key. The energy source of all crossbowmen is their own physical strength. Human physical strength has great limitations. Not only is it more susceptible to the influence of the external environment, but its continuous combat ability on the battlefield is also insufficient.
The energy source of the musket is the chemical energy of gunpowder. Not only is the physical requirement and energy consumption of the shooter much smaller, but with the advancement of technology, there is more room for improvement. In fact, this energy source is also the main limitation on the power of the crossbow.
The maximum tension of Eastern crossbows and Western crossbows that are drawn with waist force is limited by the strength of human waist and legs. If you want greater power, you can use a winch-ratchet, but the cost is that the bowing time is extended or the number of archers is increased.
On the one hand, after a certain amount of physical exertion from shooting, the shooters' physical decline will affect the subsequent battle (whether hand-to-hand combat or shooting). In short, there are limits to what manpower can do in a certain period of time. If you want to gain benefits on one side,
You have to pay the price in other aspects. Even if a few fierce generals are able to shoot strong bows, it is of little significance to the entire army unless a perverted magic arrow like Xiang Yunzheng can directly shoot over the battlefield when the two armies are confronting each other.
Kill the enemy general... But this is too magical, so it’s generally better not to discuss it.
Dongfang Wuqing listened to Yunzheng's words and looked at his confident look. He felt resentful in his heart. For some reason, he said angrily: "In this case, why did you find me? Hurry up and make the musket and equip it."
Ying Yangwei is the one, and the hand crossbow is still going on
