From university lecturer to chief academician Chapter 245: Technological competition! New breakthroughs in superconducting materials! Can laymen guide experts?
Chapter 245: Technological competition! New breakthroughs in superconducting materials! Can laymen guide experts?
"The Yang-Mills equation cannot cover all masses. Is it because of the influence of annihilation force?"
"The annihilation force interfered with the Yang-Mills theory?"
"Is it all because of the Annihilation Force?"
Wang Hao felt that the conclusion he had drawn was absurd, but after thinking about it carefully, it made sense.
Yang-Mills theory aims at unifying the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces to describe the asymptotic freedom of microscopic particles. The theory has become the basis for the construction of the particle standard model, and the premise of perfection is that only the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces exist in the microscopic world.
Force The effects of the three forces.
Now an annihilation force has been added to it. When Yang Zhenning and Mills did their research, they certainly did not know that annihilation force existed. Naturally, there were certain deficiencies in the Yang-Mills theory they studied.
The specific manifestation is the mass gap problem of the Yang-Mills equation.
Wang Hao is very sure that the annihilation force exists. In this case, the problem of the Yang-Mills equation caused by the annihilation force can be understood to a certain extent.
The current conclusion is just a thinking based on the development of micromechanics.
The annihilation theory system is far from perfect. Wang Hao is unable to make a detailed demonstration on the Yang-Mills equation. At most, he can only make a certain mathematical logical analysis based on the mathematical foundation of annihilation theory.
"If we want to complete this research, we still have to focus on quantum physics."
Wang Hao took a sip of coffee and thought seriously, "Just like what Chen Mengmeng said, study the singularity issues in quantum physics and find out how the annihilation force manifests itself in the microscopic realm."
"As long as we can find a few locations and improve the mathematical structure of the annihilation theory, to a certain extent, we can use mathematical logic combined with experiments to explain the problem."
"So, we still need to study quantum physics..."
"Or, theoretical physics!"
Wang Hao feels that research in this area is very difficult.
Quantum physics is a big direction, and he has a lot of research to do, and he doesn't have much time to do research in a completely new direction.
The content of quantum physics is too broad, let alone general theoretical physics.
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He cannot be proficient in all fields of knowledge. By that time, his brain may not be able to bear it, and time is limited. If he wants to catch up with the world's top scholars in the fields of quantum physics and theoretical physics, it will take a long time.
time.
Maybe two years, three years?
Maybe, longer?
Wang Hao felt a little unsure. He must have a certain foundation, but to achieve proficiency, he needed to know too much knowledge. "It would be great if we could have a top theoretical physicist to do research together."
He thought and shook his head silently.
The world's top theoretical physicist?
What is most lacking in China is talents in the field of theoretical physics.
Domestic algebraic geometry scholars are already "scarce" enough. Compared with the field of theoretical physics, the number of algebraic geometry scholars can be considered "too many."
That's really nothing compared to a big witch.
For example, there is not a single pure theoretical physicist in Sokai University.
Most of the school's physics professors do research on materials, mechanics, electromagnetism, etc. All research is related to experiments and can be classified as "applied physicists" or "experimental physicists".
, it can be said that there is not a single scholar who studies physics based on mathematics and uses imagination.
You don’t have any, why are you looking for the top?
Wang Hao thought very depressedly, feeling that he still had to rely on himself, or find outstanding scholars from other universities and institutions to conduct research together.
At this time, the office door opened.
Luan Haiping walked in with a blond young man. After he entered, he shouted, "Wang Hao, come here, I will introduce you to a genius, Paul, from California Institute of Technology, Amerikan."
"————?"
Wang Hao raised his head in shock and looked at Paul Phil Jones who was walking behind.
Paul Phil-Jones had no expression on his face and just stretched out his hand calmly, "Mr. Wang, we will be colleagues from now on."
"……Hello!"
Wang Hao has not yet
After recovering from the surprise, he shook hands with Paul Phil Jones and wanted to take Luan Haiping aside to talk.
Luan Haiping said indifferently, "He doesn't speak Chinese, it doesn't matter."
Wang Hao glanced at Paul Phil Jones and asked, "Why did he come to our school?"
"I don't know either."
Luan Haiping said, "I was the one who interviewed him. After looking at his resume, I felt there was no reason to object, even if he doesn't speak Chinese."
"That's true."
Wang Hao also recognized this.
Although Xihai University is also a key university in China, it is not at the same level as California Institute of Technology, which has long been among the top ten in the world. Not to mention, Paul Phil-Jones is a full professor at Caltech.
What's more, his main research direction is string theory.
It’s not that there is anything special about string theory, but to be a full professor at the world’s top universities, that is, a tenured professor, the premise is that there must be top international research results.
In the direction of theoretical physics, it is really difficult to achieve world-class research results.
Paul Phil Jones is still very young, only in his early thirties. It is very remarkable for a scholar of this age to serve as a full professor in any field.
This kind of genius came to the "obscure" Xihai University?
How to refuse?
Luan Haiping said, "Whatever, they are here anyway. Even if they are twitchy, we have nothing to lose."
"……All right."
Wang Hao thought about it carefully.
Paul Phil-Jones is undoubtedly a genius who happens to need to do research with theoretical physicists.
If Paul Phil-Jones has no other purpose and can be trusted to do quantum physics-related research together, there seems to be no problem.
"Welcome!"
Wang Hao walked up to Paul Phil Jones again, shook hands with him and said seriously.
"Mr. Wang, I'm looking forward to my new job," Paul Phil-Jones said in weird-sounding Chinese.
Then, when Luan Haiping was stunned, he turned around and emphasized, "Although I don't understand most of what you just said, I can still understand some of it. I have been studying Chinese seriously recently."
"Well!"
Luan Haiping was immediately embarrassed.
…
Paul Phil-Jones came to Xihai University, but he has just completed the entry procedures and will not officially work until the next semester.
Wang Hao is not in a hurry to do research with Paul Phil Jones.
They are not familiar with each other yet, and they also know that the other person's personality seems a bit weird. In addition, his research is not in a hurry.
There is good news today.
Over at the Superconducting Materials Research Base, a new iron-based superconducting material has been produced with a superconducting critical temperature as high as 79k.
Deng Huanshan came to Wang Hao's office and talked about their new results with excitement, "We used the CVD method to prepare the thin film, which is iron-based. After detailed testing, the superconducting critical temperature is 79k."
"The highest iron-based superconducting material prepared in China before was fluorine-doped arsenic oxygen iron arsenic compound, and the transition temperature was only 55K!"
The 79k iron-based superconducting material is definitely a great achievement worth celebrating.
Previously, the Superconducting Laboratory of the Academy of Sciences developed 52k iron-based superconducting materials, breaking the foreign monopoly in the field of iron-based superconducting technology. It had already won the first prize in natural science. Later, it continued to conduct in-depth research and prepared fluorine-based superconducting materials.
Doping with arsenic, oxygen, iron and arsenic compounds only increases the transition temperature by 3K.
One can imagine how difficult it is to improve the iron-based superconducting material if it exceeds 50k.
Now Deng Huanshan has led the experimental team to prepare a 79K iron-based superconducting material, which has increased the transition temperature by 24K, which can be said to be a qualitative leap.
Deng Huanshan's excitement can be imagined, but he knew that it was not how well he did, but the information given by Wang Hao that played a huge role.
They only conducted a few experiments and achieved such significant results.
Wang Hao was very indifferent when he heard the news. He already had such detailed information, and his research was going in the right direction, and he could prepare higher transformations.
Temperature iron-based superconducting materials are a matter of course.
His first question was, "Is it only 79K? There is no higher value."
"……Gone."
Deng Huanshan was stunned when he heard this. He was filled with depression.
I originally thought that 79k was already high, but when I arrived at Wang Hao's place, I didn't seem to care at all.
Wang Hao nodded after thinking, and commented, "79k is not bad either."
Then he continued, "79k is also a good start. Let's do this. In the past few days, you will summarize it first, and then I will participate in the experiment."
Deng Huanshan was stunned again, "Professor Wang, do you want to participate in the experiment?"
"What's wrong?"
"……nothing."
Deng Huanshan couldn't figure out why Wang Hao wanted to participate in the experiment, but he did not object. Instead, he asked curiously, "Professor Wang, I would like to ask, what is the ultimate goal of our research...?"
Wang Haodao, "We just need to keep making progress, and the best thing is to develop room-temperature superconducting materials."
"That's the long-term goal."
"In the short term, I think based on the existing data, iron-based superconducting materials of more than 150K can be produced at the highest."
"We will work hard in this direction."
Deng Huanshan froze in place for a long time. This was the first time he heard Wang Hao talk about goals. He grinned hard, "150K? Iron base? Short-term goal?"
"yes?"
Wang Hao said matter-of-factly, "Otherwise, why do you think the superiors strongly support the construction of a high-temperature superconducting materials research center here?"
Deng Huanshan took a deep breath and tried to digest the information he heard. He suddenly felt that the result of 79k was indeed no big deal.
150k?
If it could really be researched, let alone a natural science award.
By then, it will definitely cause a sensation in the world, right?
…
At the same time, the influence of superconducting semitopological theory has gradually emerged.
At the beginning, the results only received a lot of reports. The academic community was very concerned about the research content, while the media industry continued to look forward to the impact of the theory, including the take-off of superconducting technology.
Nowadays, a large number of institutions have announced that they will invest in the research of high-temperature superconducting materials.
As time goes by, many research demonstrations have been completed, and naturally many projects have been officially launched.
Several large companies in the world have announced the establishment of superconducting materials research centers or the establishment of superconducting materials experimental groups to specialize in research related to superconducting materials.
Similar news can be seen every day, and it seems that the whole world is devoted to the research of superconducting materials.
These are top national news.
Only top countries can compete in high-tech research, while backward countries cannot find even the most basic talents even if they invest in research.
The international scientific and technological environment revolves around the research of superconducting materials.
It's easy to find some information in the news.
For example, Japanese media broke the news that Japanese institutions already have the technology to prepare 63k iron-based superconducting materials.
German officials have announced that they will invest 2 billion euros in funding to support various institutions in theoretical and material research on superconductivity.
The most generous one is American.
Amerikan has drawn up a scientific research support plan and announced that it will allocate US$130 billion to support the research and development of superconducting materials in the next five years.
Brookhaven National Laboratory is the most high-profile.
They are a world-famous large-scale comprehensive scientific research base, and they are also famous all over the world. The research base has a large number of scientists in various fields.
Buckhaven Laboratory announced a very shocking news. They claim to have united 43 universities in Amerikan and organized thousands of algebraic geometry scholars to conduct research on semi-topological theory.
The first goal is to improve the database of double element composition corresponding to superconducting critical temperature.
"Our goal in the first phase is to complete theoretical research."
"In the process of realizing the first phase, we will invest more than 2 billion US dollars to use
Research on high-temperature superconducting materials.”
"Superconducting material technology will be the main direction of future technological competition. We will increase investment in this field and hope to develop superconducting materials with a transition temperature exceeding 120K that can be used for industrial manufacturing within three years."
A spokesman for Buckhaven Laboratory also responded to the reporter's question, "Although superconducting technology already has theoretical support, it is still very difficult to develop superconducting materials that can be used in industry."
"Some institutions in China are our competitors. They proposed the theory first, but in terms of material manufacturing, we have the most high-end technology and experience, as well as the most talents."
"I believe that we will develop superconducting materials that can be used industrially as quickly as possible."
"120K is an important dividing line. Our goal is to complete it within three years..."
The spokesperson of the laboratory said a lot, including technical difficulty, talent pool, material manufacturing technology and experience, as well as scientific and technological competition and looking forward to the future, etc.
His high-profile speech also has a purpose. One is to show confidence to the outside world so as to attract more financial sponsorships from enterprises.
Amrican's new scientific research sponsorship plan has a large funding of US$130 billion. A higher profile will help it get more funding.
Plus, they're really confident.
The thousands of algebraic geometry scholars in 43 universities are no joke. There are basically not as many as thousands. There are still more than 500.
With so many algebraic geometry experts working together, they can naturally study the theory thoroughly.
In terms of calculations of at least two elements, they can complete most combinations as quickly as possible. With enough data support, coupled with materials research technology and experience, and inexhaustible financial support, they are indeed confident that they can
Take the first step to create superconducting materials for industrial use.
The news released by Buckhaven Labs is shocking.
The spokesperson said that there are thousands of experts in algebraic geometry. Including other scientific researchers, the number must reach several thousand.
Thousands of scientific researchers can spend hundreds of millions of dollars in salary alone, plus the cost of experiments, it can easily cost billions of dollars a year.
This is definitely a big deal for superconductors.
As a result, some media also lamented, "The world has entered an era of competition in superconducting technology!"
The country is also feeling the pressure of competition.
In the past, China was absolutely leading in research on superconductivity theory. Even now, they do not think they are lagging behind because they have more detailed research data.
However, the funding support announced by Amrican and the research information released by Bookhaven Laboratory are indeed very shocking.
The Science and Technology Department and the Science Foundation quickly held a joint meeting and decided to provide large amounts of financial support for research on superconducting theory and materials.
Relatively speaking, they are more concerned about the research of superconducting materials, especially the planned establishment of the Xihai City Superconducting Materials Research Center.
The Science and Technology Department immediately decided to speed up the construction progress. They also convened many scholars and experts in related fields, and finally decided to appoint Yan Shiqing, a 63-year-old academician of the Academy of Sciences and an expert in superconducting materials, as the director of the Xihai City Superconducting Materials R&D Center.
The Superconducting Materials R&D Center has just begun construction, and the director of the R&D Center has been determined in advance. This is equivalent to hoping that experimental research will be carried out first, instead of waiting for the R&D Center to be built before conducting research.
Yan Shiqing’s resume is very rich.
He is an expert in condensed matter physics and a top figure in the field of research and development of superconducting materials in China. He has made outstanding achievements in the research of iron-based superconducting materials and organic superconducting materials.
The job of director of the research center has been confirmed.
Yan Shiqing is not in a hurry to find a job. He still has to finish the work at hand before he can go to work in Xihai City.
After the meeting, Wu Hui and Yan Shiqing walked together, talking about the research of superconducting materials, and asked him about his specific work plan.
Yan Shiqing said, "It won't be until the end of next month at the earliest. The project I'm working on has not been completed yet, and I have to arrange for others to take over."
He said with a smile, "In fact, there is no need to rush this research. Amrican also said that we need to make sense first.
It is a theoretical study rather than a direct study of the material."
"In the past, I still had to form a team first and call on some scholars to join in and do theoretical research together."
Wu Hui said, "You can communicate more with Professor Wang Hao. Semi-topology is his theory, and he has the deepest understanding in this aspect."
Yan Shiqing nodded as he listened.
Wu Hui continued, "Materials research still depends on you, Academician Yan. You are the top expert in this field in China, and you are the top in the world."
"We developed the theory first. If we lag behind in the research of superconducting materials, we will lose face internationally. Moreover, it will involve future competition. Your work is really important."
Yan Shiqing smiled and said, "Don't worry, I have a good understanding of semi-topological theory and am very experienced in this area. With the support of Professor Wang Hao, I am very optimistic about this research."
Wu Hui asked, "How long do you think it will take to produce results?" He asked for a target, "Just like what American said, create a superconducting material with a transition temperature exceeding 120K that can be used in industry?"
"this……"
Yan Shiqing hesitated for a moment, then thought about it and said, "Three years should be enough, right?"
Wu Hui laughed and said, "It can be made in three years, which is amazing!"
"I think Ameriken is just talking. Their purpose is to talk big and attract funds. We just want to do research with peace of mind. It will last for three years. We are really looking forward to it."
Yan Shiqing smiled and nodded.
In fact, he was still a little worried, because the research on new superconducting materials was based on semi-topological theory, which was beyond the scope of his field, and he felt a little unsure.
But think about it, everyone is doing new research, and their mentality is much better.
The main personnel involved in the research sat around the conference room of the office building and discussed the next direction.
This is a summary meeting and a meeting to determine the direction of the experiment.
Wang Hao sat in the main seat. He had already read the information related to the experiment. At the same time, the experimental information also increased the mission inspiration value.
He found the main direction.
Now, the next step of experiments is determined based on the experimental data. He participated in the meeting mainly to observe, because he has never been engaged in the research of superconducting materials, and he does not know the specific research methods.
In this regard, Deng Huanshan is too professional.
Deng Huanshan organized discussions on experiments.
The leaders of each group gave a work report, and then reorganized the methods and processes for preparing materials.
There are many methods for preparing superconducting materials. The method they use is called "CVD method", which is to introduce two or more gaseous raw materials into a reaction chamber, and then they chemically react with each other to form a new
material and deposited onto the wafer surface.
This allows a thin film of material to be easily formed.
The gas in the reaction chamber is very complex, and many factors need to be considered, including the temperature of the wafer, the pressure in the chamber, the flow rate of the gas and the distance through the wafer, the chemical composition of the gas, and the relative strength of one gas to another.
ratio, etc.
What Wang Hao was listening to was the work report of the experiment.
After all the reports were completed, he began to ask about his ideas for the next experiment.
The entire experimental group is divided into many groups, each group is responsible for a part of the content, and they can all be said to have rich experience in their respective professional fields.
When it comes to next steps in research, everyone has a lot to say.
Wang Hao kept listening to these opinions and asked in detail when he encountered something he didn't understand.
At this time, the people in the experimental team discovered that Wang Hao really did not understand the research on superconducting materials and did not understand some very basic things.
They didn't underestimate Wang Hao either.
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Wang Hao is the top mathematician and is also responsible for the research on the theoretical mechanism of superconductivity. He has developed the semi-topological theory, which has gained worldwide recognition.
Current research on superconducting materials is also conducted around his theory.
So when Wang Hao asked, everyone was very serious in explaining, and they also felt that it was a very honorable thing to explain to Wang Hao.
Who is Wang Hao?
He is the world's top mathematician, and he also developed semi-topological theory.
For such famous scholars, it is not shameful to ask them questions.
Wang Hao was very patient in asking and listening, and he constantly asked professional people to express their opinions in the process. Sometimes he not only asked for an opinion, but also asked people in other fields to express their opinions.
This research is indeed different from previous studies.
Wang Hao has participated in the research of alloy materials, but alloy materials are mixed together with many kinds of elements. To a certain extent, it can be understood as the study of physical properties, rather than allowing the elements to undergo chemical reactions.
Current research is about making elements undergo chemical reactions, combining elements to form a new substance, rather than forming mixed materials.
When it comes to chemical reactions, research seems to have become much more complicated, and it is not just a matter of process and preparation methods.
The meeting of the experimental group lasted for more than three hours.
Wang Hao went to the experimental group again the next day and continued the meeting, still allowing others to express their opinions, but it did not last too long.
Afterwards, under the surprised eyes of many people, he took out an experimental plan and handed it directly to Deng Huanshan, saying, "You will prepare new materials according to this plan."
"It contains my thoughts on several steps. It is not only a reference, but also serves as the basis for experiments."
"When new materials are prepared, let me know as soon as possible."
After Wang Hao finished speaking, he left the experimental group.
Deng Huanshan looked at the document in his hand in a daze. He didn't expect that Wang Hao could directly come up with an experiment plan?
Isn’t Wang Hao studying theory?
"I just listened to the meeting and gave instructions on how to conduct the experiment." Deng Huanshan tugged at the corner of his mouth, feeling very unreliable.
He is a real expert in the field of research on superconducting materials.
Wang Hao is a layman.
Now it was the layman who guided the expert. He suddenly felt that his future was bleak, but he could only do what Wang Hao said because Wang Hao was the deputy director of the research center.
Even if Wang Hao's position is not considered, Wang Hao's influence is too great. Even if he gives wrong orders, he must decide to obey them.
When he was confirmed to be the leader of the experimental group, Deng Huanshan was specially reminded -
“Everything is dominated by Wang Hao.”
"No matter what happens, whether in life or in experimental research, you must obey Wang Hao absolutely."
This is the order from superiors.
Deng Huanshan was psychologically resistant, but he still had to read the experiment plan and do what it said.
He was somewhat looking forward to the arrival of the "Director of the Research Center".
If there could be one more director of the research center, of course he would still have to listen to Wang Hao, but at least there would be a "director" in front of him. If Wang Hao makes any wrong instructions, the director's position is higher than his, and he can definitely put forward some different opinions.
.
"Director of the research center, you won't be here until the end of the year, right?"
"Now let's do what Professor Wang Hao said. As for the lack of progress in the experiment... Anyway, a 73K iron-based superconducting material has been prepared."
“This one achievement is enough to explain!”
Deng Huanshan sighed deeply as he thought about it, and then began to read the experiment plan seriously.