Chapter 254 You are just doing it for money, but I am doing it for career!
Physics Journal: "Universe and Microphysics".
Thesis title: "Decay Analysis and Undiscovered Particles".
Author: Wang Hao, Paul Phil-Jones.
After briefly reviewing the contents of the paper, Ledley-Parsons felt that his heart was filled with a combination of "grievance", "suffocation" and "anger".
A scholar certainly has freedom of research.
For the study of physical theory, there are no field restrictions for scholars, but because the basic definition of annihilation theory conflicts with string theory, the two theories can be said to be semi-opposed.
In the eyes of string theory scholars, scholars who study annihilation theory are "heretics."
Academic "pagans" will of course not have any other influence, but in the academic circle of string theory, it would be considered an absolute betrayal to first study string theory and then switch to annihilation theory.
In the academic circles of string theory, Ledley-Parsons' reputation can be described as "bad".
Not to mention in other universities, even at Florida State University, some people call him a "traitor" and a "villain".
Some students also believe that they have no respect for academics and that they have betrayed their former beliefs for the sake of funding.
Before, Ledley Parsons didn't feel anything. If he turned to the opposite direction, it would naturally have an impact. But now he only feels very humiliated and very angry.
What he felt aggrieved was that he was not the only one, the famous Paul Field-Jones also turned to study the annihilation theory.
He was angry that Paul Phil-Jones actually went to study the annihilation theory!
Ledley-Parsons felt that his faith had collapsed. From the bottom of his heart, he felt that Paul Phil-Jones was not at the same level as himself. Paul Phil-Jones was a genius of string theory and a member of the younger generation of string theory academic circles.
Representative figures.
In the heart of Ridley-Parsons, Paul Field-Jones is the "pure white lotus" among string theory researchers. He devotes himself wholeheartedly to the research of string theory. When it comes to his loyalty to string theory, he never fails to do so.
No one else can keep up with him.
It is not strange at all that Paul Phil Jones can reach the heights of Edward Witten in the future. He is the kind of person who is truly gifted and talented.
In addition, Ledley-Parsons also believed that it was precisely because he had no talent or talent that he turned to the research of annihilation theory to "cheat" more funds to pay for going to bars to find girls.
Paul Phil-Jones doesn't have to do this at all. He has always insisted on researching string theory, and the school will give him enough financial support.
As a result, Paul Field-Jones also went to study annihilation theory, and what was even more outrageous was that he studied with Wang Hao, the founder of annihilation theory, and achieved great results and published them.
This is so infuriating!
Ridley Parsons gritted his teeth thinking about it, "It turns out that Paul is the biggest traitor!"
"I'm only in it for money, and he is an absolute betrayal, both in behavior and in heart!"
"Last time, he said that he was determined to research and find out the problems of the annihilation theory, so he went to China to study together?"
"What a shame!"
After Ledley-Parsons determined the content of the paper, he immediately sent a special withdrawal message--
"Let's see who is the traitor!"
Attached is a picture below, marked with key information such as the journal "Cosmos and Microphysics", "Decay Analysis and Undiscovered Particles" and the author Paul Phil-Jones.
Ledley-Parsons still has a certain influence. He is a full professor at Florida State University and is very famous in the academic circles of string theory.
It is precisely because of this that he is considered a "traitor", otherwise an unknown scholar will certainly not have any impact if he changes his research direction.
Many string theory scholars have seen the news released by Ledley-Parsons.
They felt incredible.
After carefully reviewing the contents of the paper, they also understood why Ledley-Parsons said this.
Paul Phil-Jones!
That guy who was super obsessed with string theory actually turned to studying annihilation theory and achieved certain results?
This is definitely a major blow to the string theory camp!
If the field of string theory can be compared to an army, then Edward Witten of Princeton University is the commander-in-chief of the army, and Paul Phil-Jones is a young general who has made many meritorious deeds and is regarded by many as the future president.
Commander's successor.
As a result, the 'successor to the commander-in-chief' suddenly surrendered to the enemy and achieved great success in a battle.
For a while, string theorists were silent.
None of them knew what to say. The only thing they could do was to click a like on the post Ledley-Parsons’s post and then check the paper silently.
Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University.
Edward Witten had the same reaction as other string theory scholars. He also noticed the message sent by Ledley-Parsons, and then went to check the content of the paper. His heart suddenly became very complicated.
He was mainly frustrated by the new research content. He spent his whole life studying string theory, and even developed string theory into a recognized "grand unified" theory. As a result, a new theory that was opposed to string theory emerged.
This new theory is not just a theory, it can also be linked to experiments to make predictions in advance.
Edward Witten briefly read the content and basically confirmed the argumentation process. Wang Hao and Paul Phil-Jones conducted research together. There is no need to question the rigor of the argumentation.
The part related to the annihilation theory is still the basic definition of annihilation force.
Edward Witten could easily understand the core content in the initial mathematical part - the dimension of the annihilation force is higher than the other three microscopic forces.
In some subsequent mathematical systems, there are conflicts in the research on chord theory.
If the final experiment proves that the conclusion is correct, it can be explained to a certain extent that the annihilation force is likely to exist.
Although the 'missing data' from the last particle collision experiment and the new particles analyzed now are only side arguments for the annihilation force, they only assume the existence of the annihilation force and give a basic definition of the annihilation force.
If it can be continuously predicted and verified experimentally, it will naturally prove that the annihilation force is real.
That's the problem.
There is a partial conflict between the basic definition of annihilation theory and string theory. If the annihilation force is proven to exist, wouldn’t it be reversely proven that string theory is wrong?
Having been engaged in the research of string theory all his life, one can imagine how Edward Witten felt when string theory was proven wrong by others.
He sighed deeply and found a handwritten letter from the drawer.
This letter came from Paul Phil-Jones, who wrote it before he went to China. Edward Witten opened the letter and saw that it read, "Dear Mr. Witten,
String theory has ushered in its biggest crisis in decades, and annihilation theory is the biggest challenge to string theory.
So I decided to go to Sokai University to study annihilation theory.
In the process of learning Chinese, I learned that there is a very philosophical saying, "Know yourself and the enemy, and you will be victorious in every battle." It means that you must understand the enemy in order to defeat the enemy.
Only by studying the annihilation theory can we find out the problems with the annihilation theory..."
Looking at the contents of the letter, Edward Witten couldn't help but nodded, thinking, "Is this Paul's method? There are research results published..."
"Then, the experiment will prove that there is no discovery? At that time, the research will be wrong, and the definition of the high dimension of annihilation force will naturally be wrong.
"If we analyze it further, maybe other definitions are also wrong, and the alternative explanation using string theory makes sense..."
Although the inference felt a bit unreliable, Edward Witten still had some expectations.
Because he believed in Paul Phil-Jones.
Paul Field-Jones is as enthusiastic about string theory as he was when he was younger!
······
But Edward-Witten was not the only one concerned about experimental verification.
When the paper was actually published, many people noticed it. "Universe and Microphysics" is the top academic journal of quantum physics, and the number of orders in the field is still very large. Combined with the reputation of Wang Hao and Paul Phil-Jones
, which naturally attracts more attention.
The research paper is not a purely mathematical argument, but is related to experimental issues.
Whether there are new particles in the "183GeV-187GeV" energy range can be studied and demonstrated. Soon, professionals began to search for past experimental reports.
Regarding the "183GeV-187GeV" energy range, there have been two related reports in the past. One seems to be the latest report, saying that "there are numerical signal fluctuations in the 178-195GeV range."
The other report was from eight years ago, saying that there were abnormal numerical fluctuations near '182GeV', but the "judgment" given was "due to experimental errors."
Putting the two pieces of information together, it is still difficult to attract attention under normal circumstances, because there are many similar reports for each energy point.
In particle collision experiments, subtle anomalies abound, and most of them are just statistical data fluctuations caused by the large number of events generated and recorded by the experiment.
In this case, when more data is collected, many of the random anomalies disappear.
However, when linked to the research conducted by Wang Hao and Paul Phil-Jones, it gives people a different feeling.
Several professional teams within CERN have begun to carefully analyze data in the "183GeV-187GeV" energy range from past experiments.
For example, Gessner-Rainier.
When Gessner-Renier saw the latest research paper, he only felt very stupid, because he had always known that in the past week, Didier-Major's team had been doing intensive experimental data screening.
For analysis work, a large amount of experimental raw data was also used.
In addition, he also knew that the other team's team was looking for new particles.
When he learned the news, Gessner-Reinier didn't take it to heart at all, because he looked down on Didier-Mayor's level and thought that the other party was just a waste of time.
Now Gessner-Rainier understood, "This guy must have known something in advance."
"Perhaps it was the information I received from Wang Hao that led to large-scale data work!"
There are no such coincidences in the world.
Gessner-Renier was 100% sure that Mayor's team was doing this research, and he immediately started to explain the research work, hoping to catch up with the progress of Mayor's team.
Unfortunately, it's too late...
One week is enough to do a lot of things.
At this time, Didier-Mayor had already achieved results, "183GeV-187GeV". The calculated energy range was so accurate that the work to be done was greatly reduced. They found out the past experiments
All data within the intermediate interval, even the original data, are analyzed.
Finally, we came to the conclusion that ‘new particles are likely to exist in the energy range of 183GeV-187GeV’.
What made Didier-Mayor feel depressed was that Wang Hao published the paper too quickly. He only published it one week in advance, and other teams must also be doing research.
Therefore, if you have results, you must publish them, and he originally hoped to make them more in-depth and precise.
The European Organization for Nuclear Organization cooperated with "The Universe and the Microcosm", and Didier-Mayor also knew the editor-in-chief Resal, so he simply called and asked directly, "We have achieved results in the research of new particles, please send the research."
When can it be published?”
Resal's eyes lit up when he heard this, and he immediately said, "Are you confirming the existence of new particles?"
Didier-Mayor said, "It's not entirely certain yet, but the confidence level is very high."
Lesser suddenly lost interest. He thought for a while and said, "Then let's do the next issue. After the next test, the results will be published together."
Didier-Mayor tugged at the corner of his mouth and finally gave up publishing it in "The Universe and the Microcosm".
Next issue? After the particle collision experiment?
By then, other research groups must have achieved results, and may have discovered new particles, so what significance does their team's results have? Didier-Mayor simply put the results on the homepage of the experimental team's report, and also
A brief summary of the results report was submitted to the Nuclear Organization, and soon the official homepage of the Nuclear Organization was updated with news about the new results of Mayor's team--
"New particles are likely to exist in the 183GeV-187GeV interval".
Probably, not sure.
There is a numerical difference of one standard deviation. Physicists agree that only five standard deviations can be used to confirm the discovery of new particles.
During the data analysis of the physical experiment, an abnormal signal is suddenly discovered. Is the particle really detected, or is the system data a false alarm? This is a question that requires judgment, and the judgment method is to set the confidence interval and calculate the deviation.
The stronger the signal, the more the value deviates from the theoretical value in the particle-free state, the higher the authenticity of the signal. In statistics, the "standard deviation" is used to represent the degree of deviation of the signal.
Under the normal distribution, the 95% two-tailed confidence interval is 1.96 standard deviations. That is to say, when the deviation of the signal is 1.96 standard deviations, there is a 95% probability that it is a true detection. However, there are still 5
% false positives possible.
Five standard deviations can be used to confirm that interference has been eliminated and new particles have been discovered.
The confidence level of Mayor's team in discovering new particles seems to be 1.85 standard deviations, which can be understood as about 90%.
Under normal circumstances, the conclusion of 1.85 standard deviations cannot indicate the discovery of new particles, but combined with the research of Wang Hao and Paul Phil-Jones, the conclusion seems to become very convincing.
Many people are beginning to pay attention to next month's particle collision test experiment.
By then, with more intensive experiments and more complete data, we should be able to discover this new particle!
Sokai University, Mason Mathematical Sciences Laboratory. Office of the Director.
Looking at the reported news one after another, Zhu Jianrong sat on the sofa and couldn't help but twitching his lips, "New particles have been calculated and analyzed..."
"Is this a small study?"
When he looked at Wang Hao again, he didn't know what to say.
really!
He was deceived again!
Zhu Jianrong was stunned for a long time, and then asked, "Professor Wang, can the conclusion of this new study, that is, the new particles, be confirmed?"
Wang Hao thought for a while and said, "Even with my own research, I can't be 100% sure. After all, it is a new particle. Maybe it won't be discovered in next month's particle collision experiment. This new particle decays very fast, and the signal
The intensity is very low."
After hearing this, Zhu Jianrong turned to look at Paul Phil-Jones.
Paul Field-Jones thought about a number and said, "More than two standard deviations."
"??"
Zhu Jianrong suddenly looked confused.
Wang Hao twitched his lips and helped translate, "More than ninety-nine percent, he is talking about the possibility of what will be discovered in the experiment next month. Didier-Mayor's team has based on past data.
The confidence level has been increased to 1.85 standard deviations. Calculating the intensity of the experiment, the probability of discovery this time is very high."
"oh oh."
Zhu Jianrong nodded continuously, feeling that his IQ was being crushed, but he still said, "This research can analyze new particles, which is awesome!"
He said giving a thumbs up.
It is simply unimaginable to rely on theoretical research and calculation to analyze new particles.
The only new particle that has been completely analyzed by theory before is the "Higgs particle". Others, even neutrinos, were predicted in advance by combining experimental data and theory.
The "Higgs particle" is a complete set of
When the Standard Model of Particles first took shape, there were already relevant theories, and it was only decades later that it was actually detected in experiments.
Now, the analysis and calculation of a paper has led to the conclusion that there are new particles, which can be regarded as a 'very important' research result.
Even if it is not as good as the Higgs particle, neutrinos, etc., it is still the top achievement of quantum physics.
Wang Hao shook his head and said, "It's just a small study. The focus is on the theoretical basis, not the conclusion."
Zhu Jianrong twitched his lips again.
"That's true."
Paul Field-Jones nodded in approval and said, "This is just an analysis of the decay process of a single particle. If it is finally proven that new particles exist, it means that the dimension of the annihilation force is likely to be higher."
"On this basis, we can expand to other fields. Even if we only study the decay of baryons, we may discover new particles again."
"It has finally been proven that there are new particles, and our work has only just begun."
"Then we will expand to other fields of quantum physics and improve the standard model of particles. There is still a lot of follow-up work, and the research space is very broad..."
Paul Phil-Jones was looking forward to it as he spoke.
The existence of higher dimensions of annihilation force is the foundation, and the discovery of new particles is only one of the conclusions.
They can use this basis to conduct research and draw more conclusions.
As Paul Phil-Jones spoke, he became very expectant and excited. He couldn't wait to see that the European Organization for Nuclear Organization's experiments proved their research conclusions.
At that time, you can continue research in other directions. While the research space becomes broader, you can also draw more conclusions.
Achievements and honors are coming!
"Perhaps, I will become the most famous theoretical physicist and win the Nobel Prize in Physics..."
The more he thought about it, the more excited he became, and he kept thinking in his mind, "New particles will definitely be discovered!"
"It must be possible!"
With the expectation that the research would be confirmed, Paul Phil-Jones returned to his office, opened his personal mailbox and saw the email from Edward Witten.
The content of the email was to inquire about this research, "Paul, is your research correct?"
Paul Phil-Jones was suddenly filled with complexity. He thought for a long time and replied an email, "Edward, I have been working hard on the annihilation theory. Only deeper research can find out the problem.
In addition, research can also help revise string theory. I will always work hard for this!"
Immediately afterwards, he saw another email from Ledley Parsons.
This email was not very friendly. It asked why Paul Phil-Jones did not insist on studying string theory, but instead studied annihilation theory like himself.
Paul Field-Jones was suddenly filled with disdain. Ledley Parsons?
This traitor!
He immediately wrote back, "Yes, let's all study the annihilation theory.
But we are different!
You're just doing it for dirty money, and I'm doing it for science!"