From university lecturer to chief academician Chapter 441: Imperfect magnetic confinement of nuclear fusion, those who can do more work? Those who can take responsibility!
Chapter 441: Imperfect magnetic confinement of nuclear fusion, those who can do more work? Those who can take responsibility!
“When did we have such high-end technology?”
"What exactly is perfect ignition technology? If there is such a technology, it will directly solve a big problem!"
"Ignition is really important."
"Said to be 'perfect', can this technology achieve deuterium-deuterium ignition?"
"That's unlikely, right?"
"What kind of technology and what is the specific principle?"
"..."
After Teacher Xu nodded and approved Tang Jianjun's statement, the scholars in the audience started discussing. They were really surprised.
The ignition of nuclear fusion is one of the biggest problems.
They couldn't think of any ignition technology that could be called 'perfect', so they couldn't help but discuss it. The scholars who could participate in the meeting all had a high level of ability.
soon.
Some scholars thought of the annihilation force field. "The ignition technology that can be called perfect can only have two directions. One is the superconducting direction. Superconducting technology is used to create unimaginable high magnetic fields, and it is associated with other technologies to achieve ignition."
…”
"The other direction is more likely, which is the strong annihilation force field. The strong annihilation force field can greatly increase the activity of the example."
"I think this technology is likely to be the control of the strong annihilation force field. The current annihilation force field container has a strong annihilation force field on the outer layer. Can it make the strong annihilation force field shrink inward?"
"After the reaction is stimulated, then control the outward diffusion..."
This idea is very close.
Those scholars who do not know about f-rays certainly cannot imagine that a strong annihilation force field can be excited by rays.
Some scholars who know about f-rays know that they are highly confidential and will not say much about them.
Scholars discussed it a lot.
The atmosphere at the venue became obviously lively.
Before the meeting started, most scholars regarded it as an exchange meeting rather than a formal engineering project demonstration meeting, because they were not optimistic about the research on controllable nuclear fusion.
Since most people are not optimistic about it, research on controllable nuclear fusion cannot be carried out.
They only regarded the meeting as an academic exchange meeting.
While coming here to participate in the conference, I can communicate with other scholars and have some fun together with some familiar people.
etc.
It's different now.
A "perfect" nuclear fusion ignition technology solved a major difficulty in nuclear fusion research. They suddenly felt that there was still hope for nuclear fusion research projects.
Many people are also taking it seriously.
The ignition technology of nuclear fusion is indeed very important. It sounds like just ignition, but it is not easy to achieve the ignition conditions.
Ignition is to make the nuclear fusion reaction self-sustaining. The conventional method is to heat deuterium and tritium plasma to more than 100 million degrees Celsius.
In addition to high temperature, high pressure also needs to be provided to increase the probability of collisions between light atomic nuclei.
It is generally believed that to achieve ignition conditions, deuterium and tritium plasma needs to be compressed to about 10^20 atoms per cubic meter, which is equivalent to compressing one kilogram of material to the size of an egg.
If it is a reaction between deuterium and deuterium, the ignition requirements are even higher, and the lowest temperature required is one billion degrees Celsius.
Scholars heard about the new technology and felt confident.
After the venue became a little quieter, Tang Jianjun continued to talk. He skipped the ignition technology and talked about "Magnetic Field Environment Creation and Reaction Control".
This question contains a lot of content.
If we make a simple summary, it can be understood as an argument for achieving energy output greater than input.
Another major difficulty in controllable nuclear fusion is to 'achieve output greater than input'.
This is also the basic engineering goal of nuclear fusion research. Only when the goal of output being greater than input can be achieved can all research and discussions be meaningful.
The research on "achieving output greater than input" can be traced back to the wson criterion proposed in the 1950s.
This is related to the tokamak device.
In the complete magnetic confinement environment of a tokamak device, the strength of the magnetic field determines the upper limit of density and temperature, and the size of the device determines the upper limit of confinement time.
So whether the output can be greater than the input, the decisive factors are 'magnetic field strength' and 'device size'.
The "Magnetic Field Environment Manufacturing and Reaction Control" that Tang Jianjun talked about is an explanation of the existing basic technologies, including superconducting materials, first-order iron materials and corresponding materials that support the production of high magnetic fields.
In short, the key lies in the material.
The scholars in the venue all understood. Simply put, with the support of first-order materials, superconducting material technology has been greatly improved and can create higher intensity magnetic fields.
In addition, the manufacturing technology for magnetic field generation has also been improved.
Regarding the research and development of advanced superconducting materials, Tang Jianjun only gave a brief introduction. After all, he is not an expert in the field of materials.
After Tang Jianjun finished speaking his part, he left time for Zhao Jiarong.
Zhao Jiarong is the deputy director of the Superconducting Materials Research Center. He introduced the latest results of the Superconducting Materials Research Center.
"Our research has discovered a new type of superconducting material, named cwf-021. This material can carry a very high current, which is about three times that of niobium-titanium alloy."
"In addition, through a series of experiments, we believe that replacing the carbon element with first-order carbon will give cwf-021 a stronger melting point and toughness."
"Research is still ongoing in this area..."
"..."
The report given by Zhao Jiarong was also very shocking.
The superconducting materials used in many strong magnetic field generating devices are niobium-titanium alloys. The upper limit of current intensity carried by niobium-titanium alloys is very high, which means that the intensity of the excited magnetic field is high.
Now a new material has been developed that can carry an upper limit of current intensity that is more than three times higher than that of niobium-titanium alloy, which means that the magnetic field intensity that can be created will be much higher.
This material technology breakthrough can lay a solid foundation for nuclear fusion research.
After Zhao Jiarong finished his report, the venue gave the scholars a break for discussion, and then Wang Hao walked onto the stage with everyone's attention.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! The venue suddenly became quiet.
Many people are looking forward to Wang Hao's speech. Wang Hao is definitely one of the project leaders and the most influential scientist in the world.
They all wanted to know what Wang Hao would say.
Wang Hao was also prepared to speak. A ppt appeared on the big screen, but the title only had four words - "Reaction Vessel".
"All I'm talking about is the reaction vessel."
"Everyone should know that the nuclear fusion research we are demonstrating will use annihilation force field technology. The annihilation force field technology combined with the tokamak device is the most suitable container for nuclear fusion reactions."
"However, many people have a very superficial understanding of this, so I will explain it seriously here."
Wang Hao quickly entered the topic, "The strong annihilation force field we created uses magnetic interference in the outer layer, which is similar to the magnetic confinement method of tokamak..."
“This magnetic interference method can also be used in conjunction with the magnetic generation device of a tokamak.”
"That is, it is a set of magnetic field equipment that can be used to interfere with the strong annihilation force field and can also be used to constrain the internal nuclear fusion reaction."
"That's one of the things."
"Also, we don't need complete magnetic confinement of the tokamak..."
He got to the point.
When these words are spoken, many scholars' eyes widen. International research on nuclear fusion focuses on tokamak devices, and tokamak devices perform complete magnetic confinement, that is, the spiral magnetic field forms a closed loop.
Now Wang Hao says that there is no need for ‘complete magnetic confinement’, which is equivalent to saying that there is no need for a ‘closed-loop magnetic field’.
This is a completely new technical theory.
Wang Hao said seriously, "My idea is to use the magnetically constrained space as the main output end of the device. If there is a magnetically constrained space, it will definitely bear a lot of pressure."
"However, there is an anti-gravity field inside the device."
"Everyone knows that a strong antigravity field can reduce particle activity by up to twice, and the reaction speed can be reduced by three or even four times."
"In this way, we can control the rate of internal fusion reactions by adjusting the strength of the internal antigravity field."
"In the outer layer, there is a strong annihilation force field that absorbs energy."
"The output end has to withstand a lot of pressure, neutron impact, and the impact of alpha particles are all problems, so it needs to be combined with high-end materials..."
"Professor Ding Zongquan's team has developed an upgraded high-melting-point, tough iron-tungsten material with a melting point of 4380 degrees Celsius..."
What follows is an introduction to materials and other technologies.
Wang Hao's introduction to the reaction vessel mainly explains the coordinated control of nuclear fusion reactions by magnetic fields, antigravity fields and strong annihilation force fields.
He also proposed the idea of 'imperfect magnetic confinement'.
The tokamak device uses a magnetic field to completely control the reaction. At the same time, it also brings a series of problems.
For example, temperature control.
For example, the problem of raw materials.
The complete magnetic confinement of the tokamak limits the reaction rate, making the deuterium-deuterium reaction "almost impossible". Just ignition is a big problem.
Now that the ignition problem has been solved, all that remains is the problem of reaction efficiency.
The deuterium-deuterium reaction is the best choice for nuclear fusion.
The reason is very simple. Natural tritium almost does not exist in nature. The cost of artificial production is high and the output is extremely limited.
Deuterium is not restricted and is found in large amounts in sea water.
The reason why nuclear fusion can be called unlimited energy is because the deuterium in seawater is almost "infinite" to humans.
Another benefit of the ‘imperfect magnetic constraint’ design is that it solves the a-particle problem.
Nuclear fusion reactions produce a particles.
A particles are charged particles and are naturally affected by magnetic fields.
In a completely magnetically confined environment, a particles are an impurity that need to be removed, otherwise the fusion reaction rate will be reduced.
In an environment of "imperfect magnetic confinement", the magnetic field will have an "exit" and a particles can be expelled.
…
The morning meeting is over.
The enthusiasm of every scholar participating in the meeting was mobilized, and they continued to discuss the contents of the meeting, including perfect ignition technology, breakthroughs in superconducting material technology, and Wang Hao’s ‘imperfect magnetic confinement’ design idea.
"Although there are still many difficulties that need to be overcome, being able to achieve 'imperfect magnetic confinement' has solved most of the problems and already has the main core direction."
"'Imperfect magnetic constraint' will also bring new problems, and the pressure on the output port will be very large."
"Even if there is an anti-gravity field and a strong annihilation force field, it is difficult to achieve conventional output..."
"The high burst of energy inside is concentrated at the exit..."
"..."
During the ongoing discussion among scholars, the topic quickly turned to the most critical material technology.
Many technical problems can be solved with high-end materials, but materials technology is one of the most difficult fields, and it is very difficult to achieve a series of breakthroughs.
Even though there are still many technical difficulties, scholars have more confidence in the argument.
Now we have just conducted the first demonstration meeting and solved many problems. If we continue to study and conduct demonstrations, some problems may have solutions.
This is the purpose of the argument.
A large-scale engineering research project must conduct very detailed demonstrations to ensure that the research does not encounter insurmountable technical problems.
The afternoon meeting will continue with reporting.
At this time, other experts and scholars also spoke, and some people raised questions, such as the issue of energy conversion at the output port.
The output of nuclear fusion is also a big problem.
From an output perspective, the efficiency of converting neutron energy into usable thermal energy is limited, and the efficiency of thermal power generation itself is very low.
How to maximize power output is something that must be demonstrated in detail.
The demonstration meeting raised some questions, solved some problems, and also raised new problems, but in any case, the meeting achieved the expected results.
After the meeting is over, we will discuss it together for three days.
This period of time is used for discussions and exchanges among scholars.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Wang Hao and Teacher Xu sat together, and they continued to talk about nuclear fusion research projects, but the content was not about technical issues.
Teacher Xu wanted to gain some confidence. He smiled bitterly and said, "Wang Hao, the nuclear fusion project is so difficult. I never thought that I would be able to be responsible for the demonstration of this kind of project in my lifetime."
While he was talking, he kept scratching his scalp.
Teacher Xu is really under a lot of pressure.
The nuclear fusion project is so important that every high-end decision-maker will pay attention to it. He is the direct person in charge of the project demonstration and also has the decision-making power to start the project.
If you decide to officially start the project, the pressure will become even greater.
If the research is successful, history will naturally record it; otherwise, it will be a major decision-making mistake in his personal work life.
All responsibilities are borne by Teacher Xu.
Relatively speaking, there is no pressure on Wang Hao. To put it bluntly, he is just a scholar. No matter how influential he is, he is still just a scholar. He does not have the decision-making power to decide to start the project.
If controllable nuclear fusion technology can be successfully researched, Wang Hao's leadership in project research will definitely be the biggest contributor.
On the contrary, if the research fails, Teacher Xu will be held responsible.
Wang Hao couldn't help but smile when he heard Teacher Xu's complaint, "Don't worry. If the argument can be passed, there will definitely be no problem with the research."
"I'm still confident about this."
"I also know that you are under a lot of pressure...but those who are able work hard, this is what you told me..."
Teacher Xu could only nod gloomily.
He said that those who are capable work hard, hoping that Wang Hao will do more research and contribute more to the national scientific cause.
It's on me...
Able people should do more work?
Now it’s the capable people who take responsibility!