Qin Tao remembers very clearly that in his time and space, controllable nuclear fusion has always been a project in the laboratory. Even if many countries unite and want to mature controllable nuclear fusion, it will take decades.
time, which is equivalent to not saying anything. After all, three monks have no water to drink. With so many countries working together, there is too much uncertainty. Just look at the Galileo Project.
And now, our own controllable nuclear fusion technology is so good that it can be commercialized within ten or twenty years?
"Mr. Qin, you're here? This is great." Krasnopolsky said, "We thought you couldn't catch up."
"As long as I know about the project, I will definitely come." Qin Tao said. He really had to make it clear. Many times, he, the boss of the group, doesn't know what his subordinates are going to do. Naturally, he cannot go to the site to participate. For example,
He said that high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors are already in commercial operation, but he didn’t know.
However, if Qin Tao is asked to read those mountains of group documents all day long, Qin Tao will not be able to bear it. His subordinates can only pick out the ones that they think are important and show them to Qin Tao. But many times, the subordinates think that they are not important.
, it may also be important here for Qin Tao.
Fortunately, in terms of controllable nuclear fusion, Qin Tao happened to participate.
"Krasnopolski, I remember you are not engaged in nuclear fission? Why are you engaged in nuclear fusion again?" Qin Tao continued to ask.
"Mr. Qin, don't you understand this? Fission and fusion are both nuclear physics. I used to do fission because this project can be commercialized, but suddenly I discovered that our laser technology has made a big breakthrough.
And I had engaged in fusion research before, so I changed my direction. After all, there is nothing to improve on the fission reactor, and the fusion reactor is the focus of our future research."
High-temperature gas-cooled reactors already belong to the fourth generation of nuclear reactors. Its biggest feature is safety. No matter it is an earthquake or tsunami, or any sudden accident caused by any natural disaster, the nuclear reactor will not be at risk of explosion. If there is a slight disturbance, it can
Natural shutdown.
It can be said that the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor has reached the limit of this type of nuclear reactor, and there is nothing to worry about. The direction of nuclear fusion is a new fortress that nuclear physics experts must conquer.
In the past few years, various Eastern technologies have continued to make breakthroughs, and laser technology has made great progress, which also led Krasnopolski to choose a new method.
"Yes, Starship Company will build a lunar base in the future. There is a large amount of helium-3 on the moon. Now that we have successfully developed a nuclear fusion reactor, unlimited energy can be obtained on the moon, and the helium-3 on the moon can also be transported back to the earth.
, build a large number of nuclear fusion reactors on the earth, and there will no longer be energy shortages in the future." Max actually came to participate, and said excitedly from the sidelines.
"Our manufacturing of natural gas ships and oil tankers will probably enter the graveyard of history," Qin Tao said with a smile.
On the earth, oil is the most important energy source. For the sake of environmental protection, the use of natural gas is now being advocated. The construction technology of these ships is mainly in the hands of the Mingzhou Group. They have risen by relying on the construction of natural gas ships, and even
The entire Eastern shipbuilding industry profited from this.
Will these be gone in the future?
"Yes, new technology will eliminate the fallen technology, so that development and progress can be achieved. Although many conservative forces will be dissatisfied or even obstruct this, in the face of history, they will become clowns, just like the craftsmen who smashed the
It's the same as a machine, it doesn't make any sense, but our Mingzhou Group will always be at the forefront."
Speaking of this, Max was very emotional: "Mr. Qin, you were vigorously developing electric vehicles back then. I used to think it was just a boring little toy of yours, but now I finally discovered how far-sighted you are. Those people in the island country
, we shout about hydrogen energy every day, but it can’t be compared with electric cars.”
"Really? How come I have such foresight?" Qin Tao asked curiously.
Electric cars have reason to be criticized by others. With so many batteries installed inside, they are prone to fires and explosions. The battery life depends entirely on the stack of batteries. Moreover, the charging time is slow. Although many experts boast of inventing technology that can fully charge in a few minutes.
But he never mentioned how terrible the charging current was at this time, whether there were such thick cables, and whether the electricity in the entire community could supply such a car for charging.
Therefore, the islanders want to take the hydrogen energy route. In their eyes, hydrogen energy is the final route. The product of this thing is only water, which is the most environmentally friendly. However, the islanders will never mention how this hydrogen comes from.
Moreover, how to add hydrogen to a car? As the lightest gas, what should I do if it leaks? It is much more dangerous than natural gas.
If a hydrogen refueling station explodes, almost the entire nearby street will be greatly affected.
In short, both routes are not very good. Qin Tao wanted to invent electric cars, so he just let nature take its course at the time.
"Currently, Golden Sun Electric Vehicle Company has begun testing wireless power supply technology." Max said: "In the future, when our nuclear fusion reactor research and development is mature, energy supply will be very cheap. In the future, wireless power supply networks can be laid on roads, and cars will be able to walk on the road.
In the process, the power from the wireless power supply network is directly used, and you only need to bring a small battery for the car to use in places where there is no power supply network for a short period of time.”
The train is also a tram, so why doesn’t anyone criticize it? Of course, it’s because the power used by the train is provided from the overhead wires, and the train itself does not have a battery.
Of course, electric vehicles can also remove batteries and just draw power from the road. This method is the most mature electric vehicle solution.
Of course, the efficiency of wireless power supply is very low. The power supply method with two coils facing each other shown in the laboratory has an efficiency of only 75%. When applied in practice, the power supply efficiency will not exceed 10%.
five.
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! A large amount of energy loss is unacceptable. Unless the energy supply can reach an extremely low price, it can be wasted at will. This can only be done by nuclear fusion.
Therefore, Golden Sun Electric Vehicles has begun to conduct related experiments, and will also register a large number of patented technologies. In the field of gasoline vehicles, many car companies that developed first registered a lot of patents, and then lay on them to sleep. Now, to
In the field of electric vehicles, the technology is ours.
Qin Tao is also full of expectations when thinking about the future of electric vehicles.
"Report, someone from the International Atomic Energy Agency is here."
"Let's go and greet them." A leader said.
"Let them come in, we don't have time to greet them." Krasnopolsky said, "We didn't invite them here."
Krasnopolski is very active in the country and often attends various activities. However, he is very careful never to go abroad or participate in any international cooperation projects. In his eyes, Eastern technology is the most advanced.
, there is no need to find others to cooperate. If others have needs, they can come to you.
"That's right, let them in." Qin Tao also spoke.
Charman walked in with someone. He first saw Krasnopolski and immediately greeted him: "Hey, brother, I heard that your nuclear fusion project is going well and is about to be ignited now. I
On behalf of the International Atomic Energy Agency, congratulations!"
"Is there anything else besides congratulations?"
"Also, with the United States taking the lead and all countries responding actively, they have jointly launched an international cooperation plan to promote the development of nuclear fusion. This will enable nuclear fusion to be commercialized as soon as possible, clean energy can be used around the world, and mankind will cope with it well.
The worsening climate crisis." Charman continued: "Your technology in nuclear fusion is developing rapidly. If you can join this plan, you will definitely be able to bring nuclear fusion to a practical level faster."
"We're not interested." Qin Tao refused directly: "Our Mingzhou Group's technology is already the most advanced in the world, and we don't want our technology to be plagiarized by others."
"No, Mr. Qin, this is for the common dream of mankind."
"I know that we humans only have one earth, so we have invested heavily in developing nuclear fusion technology and even built an artificial sun here. We will definitely be the first to complete the research and benefit the entire human race. As for the Americans-led
Plan? Not only will we not participate, we will also introduce relevant regulations to prevent our advanced technology from being plagiarized by some rogue countries."
"Yes, we need to prevent our high-tech from leaking out." Krasnopolski also said.
Charman's face turned dark.
"Excuse me, what are you doing here? If you are here to participate in our lighting ceremony, you are very welcome. If you are not interested in this, forget it."
"Participate, of course you must participate. This is our daily work at the International Atomic Energy Organization."
"Okay, let's get started. Pay attention, prepare to start the equipment now!"
All kinds of noises started to sound, and even the lights overhead became slightly dim.
"Our experimental device is also in a vacuum state inside, so it needs to be evacuated. At the same time, our laser device needs to store energy in advance." Krasnopolski said: "Many of these systems are golden sun motors.
The company helped develop it, such as the energy storage device, we use supercapacitor technology..."
Krasnopolski looked very relaxed, as if he was confident, but his slightly clasped hands still represented his inner excitement at this time.
In the early 1950s, veterans invented the tokamak device, which uses a magnetic field to confine plasma and conduct nuclear fusion experiments. Since then, almost all nuclear fusion devices in the world are variations of the tokamak device.
However, Krasnopolski felt that the Tokomak device could perform nuclear fusion, but it also had many shortcomings. In particular, it restricted the minds of many scientists, who only thought about how to improve the Tokomak, but did not want to find another way.
The Tokmak device is likely to be a dead end. The nuclear fusion reactor that can be truly commercialized in the future should probably be laser-controlled!
Of course, using lasers to generate nuclear fusion was not Krasnopolski’s idea. As early as the 1960s, various nuclear physics experts noticed it. Wang Ganchang, a famous physicist of the motherland, proposed the idea of laser nuclear fusion in 1964.
Belongs to the forefront of the world.
In the 1970s, Dongfang also used a laser to drive a polydeuterated ethylene target and successfully produced a nuclear reaction. Senior Yu, who developed a successful hydrogen bomb, also proposed a cavity surrounded by a heavy metal shell, which was then driven by X-ray radiation after the laser was fired into it.
The idea of realizing laser nuclear fusion. In the 1980s, Dongfang also developed the laser nuclear fusion experimental device "Shenguang".
However, these are all experimental devices. What needs to be verified is that nuclear fusion can occur. What Krasnopolski and others have to do is to make the output power greater than the input power, so that nuclear fusion can truly enter the commercial field!
Now, the experiment is about to begin!
At this moment, everyone held their breath and looked expectantly at the huge display screen outside, which was displaying various data. There was also a simulated composite image in the center, showing the scene inside.
"The output power of each laser beam is three hundred kilowatts, and there are a total of 192 laser devices in it." Max said from the side: "This means that every time it is started, there will be a power requirement of seven hundred megawatts. If there is no
Energy storage device means that a power station is needed to supply it."
"In this case, it must output more than 700 megawatts of power to meet the requirement that the input is greater than the output." Qin Tao also became interested: "Does our fusion device have such a high power output?"
"Of course not." Max said: "The laser is not continuously active, it is only used for ignition." Max continued to introduce.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click the next page to continue reading the exciting content! The most difficult part of nuclear fusion is how to make the nuclei overcome the repulsion and come into contact with each other. The way of laser ignition is to illuminate the target evenly from all directions. In a powerful
Under the input of energy, the outside of the target pellet is ablated, forming a high-temperature and high-pressure plasma. Under the pressure generated by the recoil of these gases, the target pellet will rapidly collapse and be compressed to a super-high mass of several hundred grams per cubic centimeter.
High density, so that local areas will reach ignition conditions, and then all the nuclear fuel will be burned.
"Ignition? That means the time is very short? One second?"
"Not even a nanosecond, it's at the picosecond level." Max is obviously very familiar with these technologies.
As long as the laser is irradiated to cause the target pellet to undergo a nuclear fusion reaction, you don't have to worry about the rest. The energy generated by the nuclear fusion reaction will cause other nuclear materials inside the target pellet to react accordingly, which will continue to burn for several seconds, thereby increasing the output
The energy is much greater than the input energy.
Although the input power is high, it is calculated in picoseconds, and even if the output power is not high, since it is calculated in seconds, sufficient energy output can be obtained.
You can't calculate the power, you have to calculate the amount of work done.
"In this case, the coordination and simultaneous use of these lasers, and the targeting of a capsule with a diameter of two millimeters, require sufficiently high control technology, right?"
"Yes, this technology is the key. Fortunately, we have advanced computer systems..." Max's words were interrupted by a voice.
"Preparations are ready!"
"Put in the target pellet!"
"Attention, prepare to start the laser and illuminate the target together!"
At this moment, a gorgeous scene appeared on the screen, and for a moment, it was like firecrackers exploding.
"The presence of neutrons detected!"
The appearance of neutrons means that a nuclear reaction has occurred! After all, only heavy nuclei can spontaneously emit neutrons. This is called decay. Some half-lives can last for millions of years, so they will always affect the surrounding environment, while light nuclei will not.
The neutrons emitted from the interior of the light nucleus can only be caused by the fusion of the light nucleus, and the excess neutrons are released!
Success! At least it means that the ignition was successful!
At this moment, bursts of cheers erupted in the entire control room. The device had just been built and the first trial run successfully carried out nuclear fusion ignition. It was so exciting!
Krasnopolski did not cheer along with him. He kept looking at the screen, with various numbers jumping on it. Fortunately, the Loongson computer had strong performance, and half a minute later, the data came out.
"The input energy is 2.05 megajoules and the output energy is 3.15 megajoules. Our nuclear fusion experiment obtained positive energy!"
Only when the output energy is greater than the input energy does it mean that nuclear fusion has commercial prospects. After reaching this conclusion, Krasnopolski finally cheered.
"That's great, that's great!" Krasnopolski said excitedly: "I knew that the tokamak device was unreliable, and laser fusion is the future!"
"Congratulations, this is the world's first positive energy nuclear fusion experiment!" Charman said: "On behalf of the International Atomic Energy Organization, I congratulate you, you have ushered in a new era of nuclear fusion!"
Although not popular, Charman still did not forget his identity.
Qin Tao was standing aside, still a little curious. He didn't dare to ask anyone else, so he could only continue to communicate with Max.
"I'm very curious. With such a small capsule, the reaction cannot continue!"
192 high-energy laser beams bombarded a target pellet with a diameter of only 2 mm, successfully achieving nuclear fusion, but how to use it commercially?
The target pellet cannot be made too big, otherwise it will become a hydrogen bomb. However, the reaction cannot continue in this way.
"It's just like an internal combustion engine," Max said. "It does work intermittently."
This kind of small capsule can be continuously fed into these three football field-sized machines and receive laser irradiation. Each capsule reacts in turn, just like an internal combustion engine. Among the four strokes, only the power stroke outputs power, and the others
It consumes energy all the time, but it can still output power.
This kind of laser nuclear fusion device keeps loading capsules and igniting them with laser, so that the energy can be output in the form of pulses.
"Oh, so that's it. What happens after that? How is the energy output?"
The energy output of nuclear fission is in the form of heat, which heats the water and takes the energy out. What about nuclear fusion? The interior must be evacuated, so how to output energy?
"I don't know about this either. This is something we need to consider in the future. We must first solve the ignition, positive energy, and continuous reaction of nuclear fusion."