Submarines rely on sonar to listen to sounds underwater, which can be divided into two types: active and passive.
Active sonar is used when attacking. It will emit sound and reflect it back to determine the opponent's position and bind the torpedoes to fire. Therefore, once it is hit by the opponent's active sonar, it means that it will be hit by the opponent's torpedo.
Attacked. In underwater confrontations, active sonar is rarely used because it is too exciting and may cause the gun to misfire.
Passive sonar is like an ear that passively monitors targets. It has three methods.
The earliest sonar was almost always equipped with a device at the bow of the boat for monitoring, because the bow is the farthest from the power cabin and the quietest. If you want to monitor others, you must ensure that you are not confused by your own noise.
Later, in order to obtain better monitoring effects, towed body sonar began to appear. Lines were placed at the tail of the submarine to keep the passive sonar array away from the submarine itself, so that submarines farther away could be monitored.
However, this needs to be released, which will be very troublesome in an emergency. Sometimes the captain has to throw away the precious sonar array and run away quickly. Therefore, there are sonar arrays on the side of the hull, and the arrays are arranged directly on the submarine.
Up, convenient and practical.
However, the sonar on the bow is still the most widely used. The performance of this sonar directly determines the performance of the submarine.
The most advanced in this regard are of course the Americans. They made breakthrough progress in the 1960s. The sonar system reaches a higher level every 10 years. The pressure-sensitive components of the listening devices are more sensitive and can identify lower frequencies.
, smaller noise, and the subsequent processing system is also very advanced.
But Lao Maozi can't.
Until the collapse of the Red Empire, the Type 971, which was the pinnacle of the Lao Maozi attack nuclear submarine, still used the bow cylindrical array integrated sonar. It was not until the Type 885 that the Ajax giant ball array sonar was installed.
Compared with cylindrical sonar, ball array sonar is expensive and requires high processing technology. Moreover, because of its large size, it occupies all the space in the bow of the boat, and even causes the torpedo launch tube to be moved backward, which brings a lot of trouble to the layout of the entire hull system.
Difficult; however, the spherical array sonar engineering is simple to implement (that is, the beam control is the simplest), the acoustic aperture is large, and the underwater acoustic performance is more advantageous; in contrast, the cylindrical sonar array has complex acoustic processing procedures and poor accuracy, and often requires amplification
Volume and power, for example, the bow cylindrical array integrated sonar of the MGK-501 system used on the Type 971 nuclear submarine has a diameter of 8.1 meters and a height of 4.5 meters, while the spherical sonar of the Type 885 is only six meters in diameter.
Looking at the United States, not to mention the Seawolf class, the Los Angeles class nuclear submarine already has a spherical sonar.
Now, when the country wants to map and imitate the cylindrical sonar on the Type 705 nuclear submarine, it has encountered difficulties. Qin Tao actually said that he wants to develop a more advanced spherical sonar?
Mr. Zhang looked at Qin Tao worriedly.
"It's still not possible to rely on our technology. However, the Red Empire has collapsed. In the future, there will be many old Maozi technicians who will not be able to eat. We can invite them over. In this way, our technical strength will be stronger and it will be easier to achieve breakthroughs."
” Qin Tao said to Mr. Zhang: “It shouldn’t be difficult to make a breakthrough in sonar technology.”
The collapse of the Red Empire is good for the country. Everyone will divide the legacy of the Red Empire, and we have to go up and eat it until our mouths are full of oil!
Mr. Zhang nodded: "If there are a few technical personnel from Lao Maozi, maybe our development will be smoother."
"How many?" Qin Tao smiled. How many people are enough? Dozens, hundreds, or even thousands!
However, there is no need to say it out yet. It is a bit of a boast about Haikou. It can be done later.
After chatting with Mr. Zhang for another long time, the sky outside became dark, and the crackling of firecrackers could be heard in the distance. When he heard the sound of these firecrackers, Qin Tao suddenly remembered something and patted his head.
: "Really, I forgot the purpose of coming to Huating!"
"Aren't you here to attend the opening ceremony of the CNC milling machine?" Mr. Zhang looked at Qin Tao curiously.
"Of course not!" Qin Tao answered simply: "I'm here to find my wife."
After saying that, Qin Tao had already ran out, jumped into his car, and drove out with the roar of the engine.
Huating Aerospace Technology Research Institute is still brightly lit.
Qin Tao trotted all the way, and when he opened the door, there were actually people inside!
"In order to complete the project research and development as soon as possible, we have completely copied Shijili's electronic system." At this time, in front of a large table, a group of people were still coordinating the project, and it was Zhao Ling who spoke.
Now Zhao Ling has short hair and a white coat. She looks like a scientific researcher. Looking at his wife, Qin Tao is very proud. The innocence of just graduating from university has faded away, and she has become a real scientific researcher.
personnel.
"However, I still retain the idea of modifications. Of course, we can wait until later. For example, the traditional semi-active radar continuous wave irradiation system used by Shiji. Each fire control radar can only illuminate one target and guide one.
To intercept missiles, as long as we slightly modify the system, we can change it to a semi-active homing intermittent irradiation system, which can illuminate two or even more targets at once. This can greatly improve the anti-saturation strike capability of the entire air defense system.
, it can be replaced with an active radar seeker in the future.”
Zhao Ling did not give up on the modifications, but she knew that the problem of whether or not should be solved first, so she just put these suggestions into practice later. For now, there is no need to modify them.
"Yes, these are all follow-up upgrade projects." Zhang Lao (chief designer of the Hongqi 16 missile) nodded: "At present, our surveying and imitation progress is still good. It seems that by next year, we will be able to produce it.
The sample has been tested for target shooting. Do you have any other ideas?"
"Mr. Zhang, in terms of missiles, the range is still too short. If we can add a booster to the missile in the future to give it a greater range, that would be even better!" Someone else spoke.
The range of the Shikili missile is only 25 kilometers. Although it is a good improvement compared with the Sea Sidewinder and the domestic Red Flag 61, there is still room for improvement. Of course, the higher the range, the better!
"Increase the range? If it can be increased to 70 or 80 kilometers, our brother units will say that we are taking away their jobs!"
Everyone laughed.
Zhao Ling also smiled and turned her head inadvertently. Then she saw Qin Tao and was stunned: "Why are you here?"
"Can't I come?" Qin Tao asked back, and then looked at Mr. Zhang: "Mr. Zhang, as a family member, I want to give you some advice. When will your unit's annual leave be released? The New Year is coming soon.
Now, do you plan to let our family members stay alone in the empty room?"
Zhao Ling rolled her eyes at Qin Tao, what did you say? Aren't you holding me back? Last time I asked for leave to accompany Vitalia, I already delayed a lot of work, and now, you're here again?
"New Year?" Mr. Zhang glanced at the calendar beside the table: "Is it still early?"
Are you up early? Qin Tao glanced at Sure enough and couldn't help but laugh: "I remembered a joke."
"Jokes?"
"Who can keep time?"
"Of course not, time will never stop moving forward."
"According to Einstein's theory of relativity, if we can approach the speed of light, then time will stand still, but so far, human technology has not been able to achieve it."
"No, no, no." Qin Tao shook his head: "You people have already saved time. You don't have to be so high-minded. As long as you don't tear up the calendar card, time will stop!"
Don’t tear up the calendar card?
Qin Tao couldn't help but walked over and tore off seven pieces in a row.
"Everyone, you have really saved your time. You are still stuck seven days ago! Today is already the twenty-ninth day of the twelfth lunar month, tomorrow will be the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month, and the day after tomorrow will be the first day of the lunar new year."
What?
Everyone is busy in the research institute, day and night, and they can't remember the time. It's normal for them to miss a page occasionally, because they are not on Sunday at all, so they won't wait to check in during the break.
As a result, over time and over time, the time was just one week off, and the Chinese New Year was about to begin!
"In this case, we will have a holiday tomorrow!" Mr. Zhang said.
"No, we haven't finished a lot of work yet!"
"That's right, I can't buy a ticket home anyway, so why not just continue here."
"Everyone, the best combination of work and rest is the best. If you keep working like this, your body will collapse and your work efficiency will decrease." Qin Tao, an outsider, began to deceive them: "So, you must take a break, even if you can't
Go home, take these three days of annual leave, rest in the dormitory, or go for a walk in the city. I have refreshed my energy so that I can devote myself to work with fuller enthusiasm!"
"Yes, Mr. Qin is right. Tonight, let's arrange all the work at hand and make a simple ending. We will go to work after the annual vacation and then continue working." Mr. Zhang said.
After saying that, he looked at Qin Tao: "Mr. Qin, as a family member, are you satisfied?"
Qin Tao nodded, that's pretty much it. If everyone doesn't leave, then Xiaoling will be too embarrassed to leave!
It's really time for them to take a break. If they are kept tight like this, sooner or later they will break.
"Mr. Qin, please give us the total. After our missile is successfully developed, which warship is most suitable for it to be used on?" Mr. Zhang continued.
At first, after getting the entire Schkili system, they were going to imitate it. But now, the imitation has made great progress, and they will be able to make sample bombs next year. Then, next, they have to consider putting it on the ship.
Problem.
What warship is most suitable to board?
"Frigate." Qin Tao said: "It is a bit wasteful to use this kind of missile on a destroyer."
It is not a waste of missiles, but a waste of the hull. After all, the hull of the destroyer is larger and should accommodate the regional air defense system. This kind of medium-range air defense missile should be installed on the frigate and mass-produced as a low-cost warship.
"Yes, it should be installed on frigates. This can make up for the much-needed air defense capabilities of our navy." Mr. Zhang said: "Our existing 053 frigates do not need to be modified to Hongqi 61. They can be directly mounted on our Hongqi 16."
Qin Tao shook his head: "No, the 053's hull is too small. It is not suitable to modify this kind of anti-aircraft missile. The hull needs to be enlarged to about 4,000 tons. That's about it."
What? About four thousand tons?
Qin Tao's words stunned everyone present. Are you serious?
A frigate of more than 4,000 tons?
Our 051-class destroyer has a displacement of just over 3,000 tons, and the Type 052 destroyer has a displacement of over 4,000 tons. Now you are saying that you want to build a 4,000-ton frigate? This should be the main destroyer, okay?
Although you guys are engaged in aerospace missiles, they are for supporting warships after all, so you still know these basic data clearly.
You don’t think there are frigates with more than 4,000 tons.
Knowing that the big guy's vision was not far-sighted enough, Qin Tao smiled and said, "Why, did I say something wrong?"
"Mr. Qin, with a displacement of more than 4,000 tons, it seems that it should be classified as a destroyer, right?"
"Really? Then tell me, what is the difference between a destroyer and a frigate?"
the difference?
Everyone was deep in thought.
"Mr. Qin, I would like to hear the details." Mr. Zhang spoke.
"Destroyers are used to drive away enemy warships and are one of the main battleships in the fleet. Frigates are used to protect our own fleet and can also be used as human shields at critical times." Qin Tao said: "Although generally speaking, destroyers are large in tonnage.
, the tonnage of frigates is small. But you can see that with the current development trend of the world, warships have become larger and larger."
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! "Our 052 destroyer has a displacement of only about 4,000 tons, but now the 051C we produce has a displacement of six to seven thousand tons. Our frigates also have a displacement of
It will get bigger and bigger." Qin Tao said: "This is a trend. After all, only when the displacement is enlarged to 4,000 tons can we easily install a sufficient vertical launch system."
Mr. Zhang nodded.
The supporting vertical launch system is also under development and is progressing smoothly. However, if these vertical launch systems are to be crammed into a warship, it is absolutely impossible without enough space.
These people have really never seen the world. Our 055 destroyer has a displacement of tens of thousands of tons, but we don’t call it a cruiser. To avoid others being upset after hearing it, the name of the destroyer is much better.
"Our country is poor and the navy cannot afford the construction and maintenance of a large number of destroyers. Therefore, in the future, we will have more and more frigates. All of them will be equipped with our Hongqi 16 missiles." Qin Tao said:
"At the same time, our army and air force also have air defense needs, so this missile must not only be used in the navy, but also has a vehicle-mounted solution."
Qin Tao didn't say too much. It was useless to talk to the people in front of him anyway. After the construction of the two 051Cs was completed, the Hongqi 16 would be mature. By then, his shipyard would be able to start building the 054 frigate.
This amount will be larger.
After the 054 is built, Hongqijiu is mature, the phased array radar is mature, and the Navy's 052C Aegis ship is also available.
There is no need to reveal these plans now.
After all, this place is engaged in anti-aircraft missiles, so Qin Tao has nothing to do, so he simply talks about the development plan of the Hongqi 16 missile. If the navy wants to use it, the army also needs to use it. After all, the army's head is also bare.
"Army and Air Force?" Hearing Qin Tao's words, Mr. Zhang frowned, and then said: "Mr. Qin, you may not know that there is another type of medium-range missile being developed in our country, just because it
The demand at sea has not been considered, so it has always been used on land. With the existence of such missiles, it is estimated that it will be difficult for our Red Flag 16..."
Qin Tao smiled. These people have a really strong sense of confidentiality. They will not tell outsiders about specific projects, including Red Flag Nine, and the so-called medium-range missile currently under development.
However, Qin Tao knew that the project mentioned by Zhang Lao was actually Kaishan-1.
Within a few decades, domestic air defense for important areas will almost all rely on Hongqi-2 air defense missiles. This missile is a copy of Lao Maozi's S-75 missile. As time goes by, this missile is becoming more and more popular.
Out of date.
Therefore, relevant units have carried out a series of improvements.
For example, the original missile used a liquid rocket motor, and you had to wear a gas mask to add highly toxic fuel before use. With the development of technology, solid rocket motors are becoming more and more mature, so Kaishan-1
The original liquid rocket motor was replaced with a solid rocket motor, which greatly improved reliability and operability.
For another example, with the improvement of technology, advanced phased array radar technology has become available, so relevant units have also upgraded the radar.
After a series of improvements, the performance of the Kaishan-1 air defense missile has been greatly improved. At the same time, it has inherited many technologies from the previous Hongqi-2 missile, such as radio command guidance, etc., making the cost of this missile very low.
Low.
According to the thinking of the design unit, this missile can open up the international market with its cost advantage and replace the outdated S-75 missiles in many countries. However, in fact, since this missile was developed, the response has been mediocre and there is no
What foreign customers purchase.
The missiles that were developed with a large amount of money could not be given up. Therefore, the relevant units continued to improve the technology, and finally obtained the approval of the Air Force, purchased a batch, and were given the number of Hongqi-12.
In terms of technical indicators, this missile is similar to the Hongqi-16, but in terms of actual performance, there is a huge difference.
The radio command guidance technology inherited from the Hongqi 2 missile is too interfered with in actual combat, which is a serious problem.
Although it is a missile planned for export, it is still kept secret and will not be announced for the first time until the Zhuhai Air Show in 1998.
Qin Tao did not say the specific model. He smiled and said: "I don't know what model of missile you are talking about, but I can know that the performance of the Shikili missile is very good. When this missile is copied, it will definitely be
It will become the most advanced medium-range air defense missile in our country. It is not only needed by the navy, but also by the army. Therefore, I suggest that you simultaneously develop the models that the army needs."
Mr. Zhang thought carefully and then nodded: "Yes, in terms of technology, our Hongqi 16 has very high performance. You are right, we also have to develop a land-specific model. Mr. Qin, what do you have?
Any suggestions?"
"Well, the model used on land can be placed on an off-road truck and still use a launch tube. However, since this missile is not large enough, a vehicle can carry at least six launch tubes."
Of course, Hongqi 16 needs to have a land version.
We still have to wait a long time for the Navy's thermal launch system. The only one that can be used now is cold launch. Therefore, Hongqi 16 also uses a circular launch tube, two rows of six launch tubes, which are poked on the ground.
Call it spectacular.
"After the naval model is produced, we will study this related model!" Mr. Zhang made up his mind: "Anyway, competition is popular now, so we will compete with our brother units."
"Mr. Zhang, you are right, only through competition can the best products emerge." Qin Tao expressed his support for Mr. Zhang. He also believed that the Hongqi 16 would soon become the leader in domestic mid-range air defense weapons, even in the
There will also be a place in the world.
The night is already dark.
Zhao Ling finished all the work, walked out of the building with Qin Tao, and then got into Qin Tao's car.
"The stars are very bright tonight." Zhao Ling raised her head and glanced at the sky: "This year is over like this."
"Yes, it's over." Qin Tao said: "Xiaoling, you can summarize what you have gained this year."
"Harvest?" Zhao Ling had a satisfied smile on her face. She had indeed gained a lot this year, both professionally and emotionally. At this time, sitting in the car, Zhao Ling felt very satisfied.
"Brother Tao, do you have any regrets?" Zhao Ling suddenly asked.
"Yes, I have."
"Do you still have regrets?"
"Yes, my wife, my belly hasn't risen yet, which means I haven't worked hard enough." After Qin Tao finished speaking, he glanced at Zhao Ling. Zhao Ling's face immediately turned red. Of course she knew what Qin Tao meant.
"tonight…"
The next day, New Year's Eve, Qin Tao's car drove back to Mingzhou.
The shipyard is still busy, and it doesn't look like celebrating the New Year at all.
"Brother Tao, you protested at our research institute, but you didn't even have a holiday here." Zhao Ling glanced at Qin Tao with some dissatisfaction.
"I pay my workers three times their wages, what about you?" Qin Tao said naturally.
"We work not just for wages."
"I know, I still have ideals and beliefs." Qin Tao said: "I am a very vulgar person. If I want my people to work, then I will pay them enough wages and bonuses. I won't
No matter what ideals you mention, it’s better to give money directly and concretely.”
"I still have to have a meeting. Do you want to stay here or go home and prepare the New Year's Eve dinner with our mother?"
"I'll go back and fulfill my obligations as a daughter-in-law." Zhao Ling said, "I haven't seen Shiyu for a long time. Let's have a good chat with her."
Zhao Ling walked to the family area, while Qin Tao had to go around the shipyard to see the progress, especially the construction of the dock. In the afternoon, he had to call people from other branches to make a year-end summary.
－－－－－－Digression－－－－－
PS: I couldn’t sleep well all night because of the data loss. I got up at four o’clock and started coding. I’ll add another chapter for everyone. I will add updates from time to time in the future. Please subscribe, please subscribe, please subscribe!