Chapter 610: The research and development of fourth-generation aircraft relies on data
Everyone nodded after hearing this.
There has not been any self-developed heavy-duty fighter aircraft in China. The only domestically developed medium-sized fighter jet that has succeeded is the J-10 fighter. The performance of this fighter aircraft is very impressive. This is what third-generation aircraft should be like.
The heavy fighter J-11 currently being produced in China is the authorized production model of Lao Maozi's Su-27. It is also a safer way to make changes based on this fighter.
However, this also means that the 601 Institute once again chose mediocrity. They did not dare to build a brand new aircraft. They could only tinker with existing aircraft.
"Okay, let's ask Mr. Gu to introduce the 611 institute's plan."
Mr. Gu walked onto the stage, looked at the people below, and opened the ppt.
What is strange is that the home page of his ppt does not have a picture of a fighter plane, but some text.
"Everyone, let us first study what is needed for a fourth-generation aircraft." Mr. Gu began his speech: "The Americans have proposed the 4S theory. These theories guide the development of our fighter aircraft. We will introduce them separately. The first
One is the stealth capability. On the battlefield, the American F-117 fighter jet has successfully demonstrated the power of stealth aircraft. It only accounted for 2% of the sorties dispatched, but destroyed 40% of the targets.
, and they are all high-danger targets. The fighter jet has stealth performance, which can make it a silent killer in the air. Especially when attacking high-value targets such as enemy early warning aircraft, it is the special skill of stealth aircraft, so,
We must first make the fighter aircraft stealthy in terms of appearance."
In the bidding meeting more than ten years ago, the 611 Institute only made a short report during the gap between the 601 Institute's reports, but this time it was different. They had a lot of time.
"At present, several mature stealth aircraft in the world use similar nose layouts, with a diamond-shaped nose and a parallelogram air inlet, and the air inlet is just on the two sides below the diamond, which achieves the advantages of aerodynamics and stealth.
Perfect integration, so we don’t have any innovations and still use this layout. However, in order to improve the fighter’s combat performance, we use a canard layout and a V-shaped cambered double vertical tail layout.”
"In the era of stealth aircraft, which can destroy enemies from long distances, do we still need powerful combat capabilities?" An Air Force boss present spoke.
"If you are facing a non-stealth fighter, you really don't need to get close, but what if the opponent is a stealth fighter? Even if you can't accurately detect and lock the opponent, you will still get within visual range. Since it is a heavy fighter, the combat performance
This must also be its strength. In order to aim the nose of the aircraft at the target faster and gain the opportunity to launch missiles, we continue to use the canard layout."
"The American F-22 has a conventional aerodynamic layout. Does it mean its maneuverability is poor?"
"But the engine technology in the United States is advanced. If we also have a large thrust engine with a thrust-to-weight ratio of 10, then we may also be able to use a conventional aerodynamic layout. Everyone, the shortcomings of the engine cannot be made up for in a short time."
Everyone was silent.
Currently, the turbofan-15 with the highest thrust in China is an imitation of the R-79 engine. Its afterburning thrust reaches 152 kN, but its weight is also as high as 2.5 tons, resulting in a thrust-to-weight ratio of only about 6.
The turbofan 15 is still being improved. Subsequent models will reduce weight, increase thrust, and further improve the thrust-to-weight ratio. However, that is all for the future. In this regard, we cannot expect rapid progress.
The third uncle's thrust-to-weight ratio is also based on the calculation of dry mass, which is barely close to 8, and the thrust is insufficient, so it cannot be used as the power of the fourth-generation aircraft.
"When the power is insufficient, we can only make up for it through aerodynamic layout. We use the canard layout in order to improve the combat performance of our aircraft under the condition of limited power." Mr. Song continued to introduce: "We We believe that this solution is currently the most appropriate, and until the thrust displacement technology matures, this is our best choice."
Mobility is not only a matter of high-thrust engines, but also thrust displacement technology, which allows the aircraft to make more maneuvers. However, this thrust displacement technology is also very difficult.
The F-22 uses the simplest baffle rotation method, but when rotating, it will lose the thrust of the engine. The American engine has full thrust, and it does not matter if it loses some, but for our own side, the thrust loss is unbearable. .
Da Mao adopts the method of rotating nozzles. The whole nozzle can rotate up and down for more than ten degrees. After improvement, it can even rotate left and right, which greatly improves the aircraft's over-stall maneuverability. The aircraft number 711 that frequently stole the show at European air shows The Su-37 relies on this technology to become famous.
However, the life of this type of displacement nozzle is very low, only a few dozen hours, which cannot meet the needs of high-intensity use.
Both technologies have no reserves in the country, and the research will definitely take a long time. The best way at present is to temporarily use conventional engines, and then replace them after the technology reaches the standard. In this way, the canard layout must be used to improve mobility. .
"Similarly, due to the backwardness of the engine, it is temporarily impossible for us to have supersonic cruise capability. For us, long range is more important than supersonic maneuverability. After the future modified turbofan-15 matures, we will replace it with This will enable supersonic cruise.”
When it comes to this, everyone has already understood that just like the time more than ten years ago, Mr. Song also gradually came to the conclusion through the needs of future air combat: what kind of advanced fighter aircraft we need!
"Finally, let's talk about the advanced avionics system. As a fourth-generation aircraft, it must use an active phased array radar. According to Mr. Qin's introduction, this radar is already a comprehensive radio frequency system and can not only search for targets. , and can also conduct communications and electronic warfare..."
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! An advanced fighter slowly took shape during Mr. Song's introduction.
Its size is larger than that of the F-22. This is a choice made for more fuel capacity, a larger bomb bay, etc. Its maximum take-off weight is also limited to about 35 tons.
"Okay, the two fighter jets have been introduced. Next, we should talk about suggestions. Mr. Qin, what do you think?" Mr. Lin began to summarize.
"Both design institutes' plans are impressive." Qin Tao said, "However, it would be too hasty to make a decision based solely on these plans."
Of course, this will not be decided in one meeting. This meeting is just the beginning. At this time, after hearing Qin Tao's words, Mr. Lin continued: "Then what should we do?"
"For a fourth-generation aircraft, the most important thing is stealth performance. Therefore, can we ask two design institutes to each make a quarter-scale model and determine their respective stealth performance in the electromagnetic laboratory? By the way, during the test, a scaled-down model of the engine must also be installed, so that everything simulates the real situation. Measure the average and maximum values of RcS within the range of 30 degrees forward and 30 degrees sideways of the aircraft."
A major feature of the fourth-generation aircraft is stealth! Therefore, this performance must be determined, and everything will depend on data.
Mr. Lin nodded: "That's right. Let the data speak for itself. No one needs to look for connections. Our Air Force wants the one with the best performance."
"There is also a wind tunnel to determine the respective zero-lift drag coefficients of Mach 0.8 and Mach 1.5." Qin Tao continued to introduce.
When he heard Qin Tao say this, an air force boss present spoke: "When we just had the meeting, Mr. Qin said that he was a shipbuilder, but he was an amateur when it came to building aircraft. Now it seems that he is an amateur. , Mr. Qin is an absolute expert!"
Those RcS values determine the stealth of the aircraft, and the following two zero-lift drag coefficients also play a great role in the performance of the aircraft. The value of Mach 0.8 determines the subsonic cruise combat radius of the fighter, and the value of Mach 1.5 is for the future. To lay the foundation, when the engine is powerful in the future, it will be able to carry out supersonic cruise at Mach 1.5 without afterburning, so now it is necessary to ensure that this value is excellent.
"I'm just talking casually." Qin Tao smiled: "The Air Force has to come up with an outline for the specific project indicators, including the maximum lift-to-drag ratio, the maximum lift coefficient for low-speed takeoff and landing, the overload coefficient at high angles of attack, etc. "
The one bidding now is the main engine manufacturer, which is responsible for the overall design. The engine and avionics are all determined by the supporting manufacturers, and they must develop the most perfect airframe!
"That's right, in this bidding, we heard the research and development plans for two of the most advanced fighter jets. The next step is to compare the data. We need to study various data settings and formulate the most complete comparison plan." Mr. Lin agreed. : "Mr. Qin, do you have anything else to say?"
"There is another one that should be added." Qin Tao looked at the people below, his eyes twinkling: "There are also R&D funds and costs. Both bidders should come up with a reasonable plan. During the specific development process, it may be possible There will be overspending, but if the overspending is too much, you have to be responsible."
If you want to develop a brand new fighter jet, you have to spend money, but this thing is a bottomless pit, and you must have budget control.
Project No. 10 has been completed. The original total budget was only 4 billion yuan. The scientific researchers scrimped on it, but in the end not enough money was spent.
Seeing the new projects launched by 611, the 601 Institute was unwilling to lag behind and proposed a major overhaul plan for the J-8 II, replacing it with a turbojet 14 engine, adopting a series of new technologies such as new pulse Doppler radar and fly-by-wire control, and developed a
A fighter jet that is comparable to the J-10 was expected to cost 700 million yuan to develop, but later...
"Yes, there must be a plan for R&D funding and cost. Our Air Force cannot be taken advantage of." Mr. Lin expressed his stance.
This meeting didn't last long, from eight o'clock to two o'clock in the morning. Even if it was over, Qin Tao covered his growling stomach: "It seems that I have to stay for dinner."
Generally speaking, this kind of meeting takes a whole day, but this time it was completed in half a day. Qin Tao played the main role. He proposed a way of using various data to speak in a fair and just way, and solved the problem of the Air Force in one fell swoop.
A big trouble.
The lunch for the meeting had been prepared long ago, but it was originally scheduled to start at twelve o'clock. Now it was two o'clock, and everyone was hungry. After arriving in the cafeteria, they started eating immediately.
Mr. Gu sat next to Qin Tao, looking a little worried.
"Mr. Qin, you should have noticed that the plan for our fourth-generation stealth aircraft was originally proposed by you." Mr. Gu said to Qin Tao.
"Yes, I can see that your 601 Institute has a very heavy task. You have to revamp the J-11 and design a new fighter. This fighter has indeed gone a step further in design, which reflects your
Level." When he said this, Qin Tao glanced at Mr. Gu: "I just don't know whether the shape of this aircraft was developed independently by your 601 Institute or in cooperation with Lao Maozi?"
Hearing Qin Tao's words, Mr. Gu blushed slightly. He hesitated for a moment, and then said: "Mr. Qin, nothing can be hidden from your eyes. The aerodynamic shape of this aircraft is the result of us and Su Huoyin Design Bureau
Developed together.”
"What?" Hearing Mr. Gu's words, the other people sitting at the table were suddenly surprised.
The fourth-generation heavy-duty stealth aircraft is the most important project of the Air Force. Such an important project was not developed by ourselves, but in cooperation with Su Huoyin? Then wouldn’t the secrets of our aircraft have been exposed to outsiders?
"Lao Gu, why didn't you say anything at the meeting just now?" Mr. Lin's face became serious.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! If you ask me at the meeting, is there any next opportunity? You will definitely deny it directly!
"Mr. Lin, don't worry too much about this. The aircraft are just similar in aerodynamic shape. As long as the subsequent development is our own, just like the Su-27 fighter jet, once it is in our hands, even Lao Maozi can't change it.
Can't you recognize it? We have installed avionics ourselves, and in the future we will even have qualified engines. It is only similar in appearance to the Su-27, but its combat effectiveness has been completely changed." Qin Tao said: "I believe,
As the leader of our military aircraft research and development, the 601 Research Institute still has this ability, and I look forward to all the wonderful performances of the 601 Research Institute."
Mr. Song, who was sitting at a table, never spoke. He still clearly remembered Qin Tao’s analysis: the short engine nacelle layout of the Su-27 series aircraft will inevitably lead to the air inlet directly facing the engine. This design cannot have excellent performance.
radar reflection area, so it will definitely be eliminated!
Qin Tao also supported his fourth-generation aircraft with a canard layout. Moreover, more importantly, the J-31A was originally developed by the 611 Research Institute. Although the development department was separated from their research institute by a wall,
, we usually meet each other, so they are more familiar with how to develop a stealth machine.
Not to mention anything else, when he just made a model to test the real stealth area, he was confident that it would be better than the 601 institute, so their 611 institute would definitely win this time!
At this time, after hearing Qin Tao's words, Mr. Gu nodded: "Yes, Lao Maozi is involved in this project, but the future path will be up to us. In this field, we and Lao Maozi are involved.
Maozi is on the same starting line."
Although Lao Maozi's aviation technology is advanced, after all, Lao Maozi has no experience in developing stealth aircraft. They are engaged in plasma stealth and have never been exposed to form stealth. Therefore, Lao Maozi is starting from scratch.
The next road needs to be walked by themselves. So far, the 601 Institute has not had any good products. The so-called J-8 fighter is just a dual-issue large version of the J-7, and it even has a nose air intake modification.
They didn't dare to directly operate the air intakes on both sides. They waited until they got the MiG-23 and mapped the MiG-23's nose before they dared to graft it over. Now, would they be allowed to do this kind of project?
A little too complicated?
It's complicated and there's no way around it, they have to work hard!
The J-10 has succeeded, but there is no market for their J-8-3. Now, they must develop advanced fighter jets, otherwise, their big brother will only become an aircraft assembly factory!
After saying this, Mr. Gu thought of something and continued: "Old Lin, our 606 Institute has completed the ground test of Turbofan 10. Next, we need to apply for a fighter jet, install this engine, and conduct aerial test.
"
"Has Turbofan 10 completed ground testing?" Qin Tao was also very curious: "Your research and development progress is fast enough."
"It was not developed by us, but by the 606 Institute." Mr. Gu explained to Qin Tao: "Since the introduction of the R-79, our comrades in the 606 Institute have felt even more pressure. We must develop the engine as soon as possible and give it as a gift to the motherland. In the end,
Fortunately, in 1999, I was able to participate in the military parade in the capital."
Qin Tao frowned.
The turbofan 10 was originally developed for the J-10. This was completely inconsistent with the rules of engine development. After all, the engine development cycle is much higher than the aircraft development cycle. Only when there is an aircraft project, can there be an engine project.
, the engine will definitely not be able to keep up!
At Qin Tao's suggestion, Mr. Song made up his mind and chose his third uncle as the engine of the J-10, and finally let the J-10 fly into the sky.
Now, Turbofan 10 is in embarrassment. Should we continue to develop it?
Mr. Lin has a long-term vision. After all, the third uncle is from abroad. There is a risk of supply cuts at any time. He still has to rely on himself! Therefore, the turbofan ten must be developed! When it is completed in the future, it will not only provide Jian Shi
You can even equip our J-11!
The embarrassing situation of the Turbofan 10 R&D team was over, but not long after, Turbofan 15 came again!
The size of turbofan fifteen is slightly larger than that of turbofan ten, but it also has greater thrust. The initial afterburner thrust can reach 152 kN, which is far more than the thrust of turbofan ten. In the subsequent negotiations with Lao Maozi,
, and even planned to replace the third uncle.
This makes the R&D team of Turbofan 10 feel even more pressure. With pressure, there is motivation. Now, they have completed the ground bench test and plan to install it!
"If you want to conduct an aerial test run, it is not appropriate to use our J-10. Our aircraft is a single-engine aircraft. Once a malfunction occurs, it will easily cause the aircraft to crash." Mr. Song spoke for the first time: "It is most suitable to use the J-11
, one side installs the turbofan 10, and the other side installs the third uncle, so that if the turbofan 10 fails, the flight capability can still be guaranteed."
Mr. Lin nodded: "That's right, let's mobilize a J-11 to go there. They are all in the same city anyway, so it is easy to mobilize them."
After saying that, Mr. Lin glanced at Qin Tao: "Taozi, what's going on with your expression? Do you have any ideas about this engine?"
Of course Qin Tao has an idea. There are many problems with the early turbofan ten!
There are too many problems, such as low-altitude large-speed surge, broken fourth-stage compressor blades, mid-air parking, etc. If you think that after the bench test is completed and installed on the aircraft, you are done, then you are totally wrong.
However, Qin Tao also knows that the road to engine research and development is so uneven, especially if it is developed from scratch, there are many problems. If you encounter problems, solve them, continue to solve them, and constantly optimize, so that you can finally mature.
From Turbofan Ten to Turbofan Ten A, they were all problematic models. When it reached the Turbofan Tenb, the performance finally stabilized and began to be installed on the J-11. When it reached the Turbofan Tenc, it could still be installed on the J-11.
The J-20 is being assembled, and there is even news that it has supersonic cruise capabilities.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Not only does it have high reliability and long life, but its thrust is also first-class! The maximum thrust is similar to that of R-79, but it is light in weight and has a high thrust-to-weight ratio!
"Mr. Qin, do you have any opinion on Turbofan 10? Do you think it is inferior to Turbofan 15?" Mr. Gu also became nervous. Although Mr. Qin is a shipbuilder, he also has great influence in the Air Force.
Ah, if he says he doesn't like it, then the Air Force may give up.
Qin Tao shook his head.
Turbofan 15 was built with his support, and he even hired a lot of experienced experts, while Turbofan 10 was built by himself. Both projects seemed to be high-thrust engine projects.
, are they in competition with each other?
"The Turbofan 10 project is of great significance." Qin Tao began to explain: "Our J-10, J-11, and even the future J-15 and J-16 will all be powered by it. Today's aircraft have a long service life.
As for the life of the engine, when these three uncles fly to the end of their life, then the engine can be replaced, and then we can replace it with our turbofan."
"And our turbofan 15 is prepared for fourth-generation aircraft. Its starting thrust reaches 152 kilonewtons. With later modifications, the thrust can reach 181 kilonewtons, or even more than 200 kilonewtons.
With it, the fourth-generation aircraft can finally achieve the supersonic cruise indicator." Qin Tao continued: "The installation targets of these two engines are different, and they are not in a competitive relationship."
Mr. Gu breathed a sigh of relief. Looking at Qin Tao's expression just now, he thought he was dissatisfied with Turbofan Ten.
"I just thought of the tortuous experience that the Americans went through when developing third-generation fighter engines. Therefore, we'd better be mentally prepared. After the turbofan X is installed, it may take five or even ten years.
Perfect." Qin Tao looked at everyone seriously: "Don't worry about being late for a good meal, we must have enough time to prepare."
Mr. Lin nodded: "Yes, we built the Turbofan 10 ourselves, and we will inevitably face various problems. However, no matter what problems arise, we hope that our technicians can use their ingenuity to find the problem correctly.
Don't be discouraged, don't be discouraged, our Air Force fully supports Turbofan 10."