There are one hill and eight buildings in the Northern Prefecture of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Chapter 5384 Civilian households, military households, and farm households
Chapter 5384 Civilian households, military households, and farm households
When Bai Hu said this, he paused and continued in a deep voice: "Yes, when Cao Cao recruited the Million Yellow Turbans in Qingzhou, he had already established a firm foothold in the troubled times and became a prince with a considerable territory. One of his territories
There was no shortage of fields in the country, but after the great turmoil, there were more than a hundred people living, and the population was the rarest. Therefore, Cao Cao let these people who defected to him in the turbulent times carry out a management model of separated household registration, divided into
Military households and civilian households. Later, on the basis of these two types of people, a new type of farming households was differentiated."
Zhuque's eyes lit up, he looked at Bai Hu and said, "What are the specific differences between these three types of household registration? Please explain it to us."
Baihu said sternly: "The civilian households were actually the aborigines of the counties and counties around the world at that time. Although they experienced wars, after order was restored in the territory ruled by Cao Cao, these people dispersed back to their places of origin, or arrived in
In other places, the government under Cao Cao's rule was allocated fields as they were in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Because at that time, the world was in war, the population was sparse, and there were many fields, and there were many powerful people in various places who built forts to protect themselves. If Cao Cao treated the people, he would
If the oppression of the people is too heavy, many people will simply flee to the hands of these powerful people and become hermits. Then Cao Cao will not be able to collect any tax revenue or manpower. He is busy with the war, and it is impossible to disperse the army to the grassroots countryside to conduct inventory and investigation.
To control the population, Cao Cao thought of a way to give very low taxes to households, or in other words, according to the unified tax of the Han Dynasty, a tax of four liters per mu of land was paid, and each household paid silk per year.
Two pieces, two pounds of cotton."
Qinglong said coldly: "This tax is very low. It is just the standard tax when the Han Dynasty used Huang Lao's method when the country was founded to rest with the people. It is almost thirty taxes per land tax and two pieces of silk per household.
It’s just a transfer. However, I’m afraid Cao Cao is not so kind. The taxes he pays are very small, but the corvee is definitely indispensable.”
Bai Hu nodded: "Exactly, the tax payment is small, but the condition is that you must put yourself under the unified household system of the Cao Wei regime, and the state will master all your information and allocate it to the land, and then in these groups
Among the households, forced labor is levied and asked to bear many burdens for the country, including digging rivers and building roads, maintaining rural security, collecting taxes, resisting thieves, etc. However, these forced labor does not involve military affairs. In other words, it does not require
Go join the army to fight, because during the Three Kingdoms period, the world was in chaos, and wars continued among the princes. The probability of dying in the army was very high, so the people were unwilling to join the army and fight. On the premise of not going to war, they paid less taxes, so they were willing
Those who bear relatively heavy labor and corvee labor. This is why Cao Cao established this kind of private households and carried out light taxes and heavy labor."
Xuanwu breathed a long sigh of relief: "Master Baihu said it very well, light taxes and heavy labor. In fact, there was a lot of land in the world at that time, and the population was very sparse after the war, so it was meaningless to collect too many taxes from people.
The first thing to consider is how to gather people, organize households and people, and bring them under their own rule and management when chaos comes. The most feared thing of the people at that time was to join the army and fight.
It may be gone, no need to talk about it. If they escape into the mountains and forests, build a camp to protect themselves, and do not have the convenience of being on the plains, they are likely to starve to death. Therefore, if they can pay less taxes and become soldiers, they are very willing to accept Cao Cao.
Under his rule, or protection, Cao Cao induced these households to accept his rule, and then organized them into households and managed them. As for taxes, military rations, etc., they were borne by the farming households."
Suzaku said softly "Oh": "Then what is the situation like in this farmhouse?"
Bai Hu nodded and said: "Tuntian households, as the name suggests, are some of the people recruited from the refugees recruited by Cao Cao to actively carry out farming, or in other words, a part of the people separated from the military households. They
There is no need to bear the corvee like civilian households, and there is no need to join the army to fight like military households. Sixty households are divided into a village, and a village commander is set up to manage it. Each person is assigned dozens of acres of land. Moreover, because the land is vast and the people are sparse, Cao Cao also once
Taxes are not levied based on the number of fields, but on the number of cattle. In general, if cattle are allocated by the official family to the farming households, the output of the fields is divided into sixty-four, six for the official family, and six for the farming households.
Four, and if the cow belongs to the farmer, it will be divided into 50 and 50."
Qinglong sneered and said: "Public households only need 30% of the tax, but this farming household has to share 60%. The tax difference is dozens of times. It's really cruel. However, if you don't have to serve because of this, then in fact
The later you go, the more advantage you get. Because in fact, we all know that labor service, corvee service, and the money and poll tax that you have to pay in order to be exempted from service are the real heavy burdens on the people, because the court can use the corvee service
During this period, the intensity of labor will be greatly intensified, making people's lives worse than death."
Bai Hu smiled slightly: "Yes, the burden on ordinary households is actually higher than that on these farm households, because it seems that the amount of taxes paid is extremely high, but if the allocated fields are enough, and there are cattle and farming tools, then even if they are only allocated four
With success in hand, it is enough to feed the whole family, which is not easy in troubled times. Moreover, many of the irrigation, roads, farm tools, and seeds needed for farming can be completed by the household's corvee work, without having to do it yourself.
Well, these will actually stimulate many people to change their status to farm households."
Suzaku suddenly said: "Wait a minute, do these farming households have to be regarded as military households? Those who manage them are not civilian officials like village chiefs, but military attachés like Sima. Are they considered military households and farming households?
What about the nature of the household, which must be in the business for generations and cannot be transferred?"
Bai Hu curled up his lips, stroked his beard, and said: "You put the question very well. Farm households are quasi-military households, or in other words, they are a kind of serfs who have to pay heavy taxes, but they are exempted from taxes.
Although they were subject to military service and military service, they were under militarized Tun Sima management, but they were not in the nature of military households. In other words, they had to be Tun Tian households throughout their lives, but their descendants could freely choose whether to be civilian households or military households.
A household, or continuing to be a farming household, is not like a military household, where one cannot change positions for generations!"
"Actually, this farming household was a very popular and sought-after household registration when Cao Cao first established it. It does not have to bear the corvee like a civilian household, and does not have to fight in the army like a military household. Life or death is unknown. All it takes is paying more taxes. In troubled times,
At that time, being able to survive and have something to eat was the dream of many people. Therefore, most of the millions of men and women like the Qingzhou Yellow Turbans chose the promising career of farming." (End of this chapter)