() Jia Xu, courtesy name Wenhe, was born in Guzang, Wuwei. He was a counselor who had the most masters during the Three Kingdoms period. Therefore, people who don’t know the truth often think that he is a disloyal person. But what is the reality?
In fact, those who say that Jia Xu's client is unfaithful mostly base their judgment on personal emotions rather than rational thinking. In fact, this is not what Jia Xu is really criticized for. It is not difficult to understand if you look at the different masters Jia Xu changed and the reasons.
(1) Dong Zhuo → Niu Fu → Li Jue:
When Dong Zhuo died, his son-in-law Niu Fu succeeded him; when Fu died again, his general Li Jue succeeded him. Therefore, it is said that these three people were not traitors to the master.
(2) Li Jue → Duan Xuan → Zhang Xiu:
If we really want to say that Jia Xu's victim was disloyal, we can only look at this part of the story: (1) Li Jue: Jia Xu saw that Li Jue was innocent, and he might have felt guilty for persuading Li Jue and others to go to Chang'an (see below for details)
, so he left after weakening Li Jue's military strength and helping Emperor Xian escape from Chang'an (Jia Xu's biography in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms: Jue waited for peace, came out as the emperor, and protected the ministers, so Xu was powerful. After the emperor came out, he also printed the ribbon on the Xu) (2) Duan Xuan:
At that time, Jia Xu was already quite prestigious. Although Duan Xuan respected him, he was jealous of him, which made Jia Xu feel uneasy (Xu said: "Xuan is suspicious and jealous. Although the courtesy is generous, don't rely on it. You will be plotted for a long time.")
Therefore, he soon joined Zhang Xiu, whom he was already familiar with. (3) Jia Xu finally gained important employment under Zhang Xiu, and defeated Cao Cao again and again.
It is said that good birds choose good trees to roost. This is true for Gan Ning (Liu Biao → Sun Ce), and so is Zhao Yun (Gongsun Zan → Liu Bei). But why does Zhao Yun become the representative of loyalty, while Jia Xu is synonymous with disloyalty? This question is a little bit
More to come later.
(3) Zhang Xiu → Liu Biao → Cao Cao:
There is nothing to say about this paragraph. Zhang Xiu first relied on Liu Biao and then surrendered to Cao Cao. Of course, Jia Xu followed Zhang Xiu and changed his master, just like Zhang Liao and Gao Shun followed Lu Bu from Ding Yuan to Dong Zhuo. But no one asked about Zhang Liao and Gao Shun.
, but Jia Xu is known as the master of job hopping? I think it’s because his argument about persuading Zhang Xiu to surrender to Cao but not Yuan is so famous.
Based on the above three points, it is completely inappropriate to say that Jia Xu's victim was unfaithful. Jia Xu just changed jobs rather than rebelling against his master. Duan Xuan was even more willing to let Jia Xu leave and treated his family well. Compared with Fazheng and Zhang Song, his behavior as a seller was better
Much more. However, this kind of thinking is understandable because he did something that future generations cannot understand.
During Dong Zhuo's chaos, Jia Xu worked under his son-in-law Niu Fu. After Dong Zhuo's death, his whole family was executed, and there were rumors that Wang Yunyu killed all the people in Liangzhou. Jia Xu was both Dong Zhuo's old subordinate and a native of Wuwei Guzang. Naturally, he
In the blacklist, he came up with the most bad idea in the history of the Three Kingdoms, which was not inferior to Li Ru's and burned Luoyang: to unite Dong Zhuo's four generals, Li, Guo, Fan and Zhang, to take Chang'an directly.
With the help of Jia Xu, Li Jue and others took Dong Zhuo's revenge as a call to action and defeated Lu Bu in one fell swoop and captured Chang'an. However, the four cobblers, still cobblers, still couldn't defeat Zhuge Liang (my dad told me, meaning things still have to be done)
(Leave it to someone who knows how to do it), Li Jue, and Guo Fan had no political talent and made Chang'an miserable. Later, they started fighting in the city of Chang'an because of the struggle for power and profit, which almost destroyed Chang'an. Therefore, Jia Xu's life-saving plan was successful.
This is the most criticized thing by future generations.
So how does this matter relate to Jia Xu’s comments about being disloyal? The reason is very simple. Just like politicians have poor administrative efficiency, they will not only be criticized for their political achievements, but also those who are interested will criticize the debatable aspects of their private lives.
Digging it out and exaggerating it. If Jia Xu's capture of Chang'an is regarded as a "bad political performance", then his job hopping is exactly what was exaggerated.
Due to the impact of the above-mentioned plan of "joining four thieves to capture Chang'an", later generations' evaluations of Jia Xu are mostly negative, and at most they are fair. The only thing that can bring positive evaluations to Jia Xu is his ability.
Jia Xu's talents include analyzing battle situations, figuring out the thoughts of his master and the enemy, and estrangement plans. As for strategic planning, there are few records. The most famous analysis of battle situations should be the pursuit of Cao Cao with a defeated army in Wancheng. The original text of the Three Kingdoms is as follows: "
Taizu ordered his troops to retreat, and Xiu pursued them. Xu said to Xiu, "You cannot pursue them. If you pursue them, you will be defeated." Xiu refused, so he advanced and fought, but was defeated and returned. Xu said to Xiu, "Hurry to the enemy."
The more we pursue, the more we fight, and we will win." Xiu Xie said, "There is no need to speak publicly, so that's what happened. Now that we have been defeated, how can we pursue again?" Xu said, "The military situation has changed, and we must gain the upper hand if we go there urgently." Xiu believed it, and then
He collected the scattered soldiers and pursued them, and the battle ended with victory. Wen Xu said: "Xiu used elite troops to pursue the retreating army, but the Duke said they would be defeated; retreated with defeated soldiers and defeated the victorious troops, but the Duke said they would defeat it? It's like what the public said,
Why is it that everything has been proven?" Xu said: "This is easy to understand. Although the general is good at using troops, he is not Cao Gong's enemy. Even though the army has recently retreated, Cao Gong will surely cut off his rear. Although the pursuers are good, the general is invincible, and the soldiers are also sharp.
Therefore, we know that we will be defeated. Cao Gong made no mistake in attacking the general. If he retreats before his strength is exhausted, there must be domestic reasons. After defeating the general, he will advance with a light army quickly. Even if the generals are left behind and cut off, although the generals are brave, they are not the general's enemies. Therefore, although the generals are brave, they are not the general's enemies.
You will win if you fight with defeated troops. "Xiu Nai Fu." This was the second time that Jia Xu had Cao Cao defeated inexplicably after the Battle of Wancheng.
Later, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao sent people to surrender Zhang Xiu at the same time. Jia Xu had already seen through Yuan Shao's incompetence and Cao Cao's mentality, so he dismissed Yuan Shao's envoys. In addition to the three points of Jia Xu's analysis of Zhang Xiu, "My husband, Cao Gong, was entrusted by the emperor to command the world.
It is appropriate to follow the first. If Shao is strong and prosperous, I will follow him with a small number, and he will not take me seriously; if the public of Cao is weak, I will be happy when he gets it, so it is appropriate to follow the second. If a husband has ambitions to overlord, he will definitely put aside his personal grudges.
, To spread virtue all over the world, it is better to look beyond the three. Obviously, Jia Xu, like Guo Jia and Xun Yu, sees that Cao Cao has a greater chance of winning in the battle between Cao Yuan and Cao Yuan. (Of course, I have to admit that he is still not as good as in this aspect.
Guo Jia.)
Jia Xu's performance in Cao Cao's camp was relatively unspectacular. He did not provide a complete strategic plan to Cao Cao like Guo Jia and Xun Yu, nor was he like Xun You who defeated Yan Liang and Wen Chou in the Battle of Guandu, but he also had certain qualities.
"Yuan Shao besieged Taizu at Guandu. When Taizu ran out of food, he asked Xu about his plan. Xu said: "Gong Ming defeated Shao, bravery defeated Shao, employed people to defeat Shao, and decisive machine defeated Shao.
"There are four victories that cannot be determined for half a year, but we have to take everything into consideration. The opportunity must be determined, and it can be determined in a moment." Taizu said: "Good." So he went out with his troops, surrounded Shao's camp for more than thirty miles, and defeated it.
"Shao's army was defeated and Hebei was leveled." However, Jia Xu's suggestion to persuade Cao Cao to advance the army quickly was put forward by Xu You in the novel. Speaking of Xu You, the situation of Xu You's coming to surrender is related to the biography of Xun You in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms.
What they said was quite different. When all the Wei generals suspected that Xu You was deceiving Cao Cao by using his identity as an old friend of Cao Cao, Jia Xu and Xun You tried their best to persuade Cao Cao to trust Xu You and thus won Wuchao's victory.
.
After Cao Cao pacified Jingzhou, he was preparing to launch the Battle of Chibi to the south. Jia Xu said: "Ming Gong defeated the Yuan family in the past, and now he has conquered Hannan. His reputation is far-reaching and his army is huge. If he takes advantage of the old Chu people, he can use them to feed the officials."
"Shi, if you pacify the people and make them happy, you can conquer Jiangdong without having to work hard." Cao Cao did not accept his belief, and as a result, he was defeated in the Battle of Chibi. Although Pei Songzhi did not think this was a true insight, he thought that Cao Cao was defeated by
It was bad luck, and the timing of sending troops was not inappropriate. However, this changed Kong Ming's "The so-called strong crossbow is at its end, and the force cannot penetrate Lu Zhen."
Guanxi is a trouble for Cao Cao; 2. Cao Cao houses pommel horses and canoes with sticks and poles, competing with Wu and Yue; 3. It is now very cold, and the horses have no wormwood, so the Chinese scholars are driven to far distances between rivers and lakes. If they are not accustomed to the water and soil, they will be born.
Disease; 4. Everyone is frightened when they see the Cao book saying that the water can move 800,000, and they don’t know the truth, so they start this discussion, which is very meaningless. Now if they check it with the facts, they think that the Chinese are no more than 15 or 16
Wan, and has been tired for a long time) indirectly denied.
In addition, Pei Songzhi also said: "Empress Wu of Wei defeated Zhang Lu, and Shu was shocked by dozens of people in one day. Even though Liu Bei killed him, he was unable to stop it. Because Liu Ye's plan was not used, he lost the chance to sweep away the enemy. It was a huge loss, and there was nothing to regret.
, that is, this incident (the Battle of Chibi) and the like. When Shi Xian said that Liu Ji was right, it became clear that Jia Yan was wrong." Liu Ye's plan refers to Cao Cao's advice after he pacified Hanzhong, to the effect that not to let the enemy surrender.
Liu Bei, who had just entered Shu, had the opportunity to reorganize himself. He advised Cao Cao not to worry about the problem of insufficient food and grass, and to quickly eliminate Liu Bei.
Eight of them out of ten are powerful in the world and frightening overseas. Now, Hanzhong is waiting for the wind, and the people of Shu have lost their courage. They push forward and decide whether Shu can pass on the message. Liu Bei is also a great man, but he is slow to win.
, the Shu people have not relied on it. Now that Hanzhong has been broken, the Shu people are frightened, and their power will collapse on their own. With the gods of Gong, they will be suppressed by their overwhelming force, and they will be defeated. If it is a little slow, Zhuge Liang will be the prime minister in governance, and Guan Yu will
, Zhang Fei bravely conquered the three armies and became a general. The people of Shu have established that they must guard the key points in danger and cannot be violated. If you don't take it now, you will worry about it later.).
This kind of active strategy is similar to Guo Jia's suggestion that Cao Cao attack Lu Bu and Wuwan quickly. In other words, Pei believes that it is better to quickly overwhelm the enemy with power to prevent the enemy from growing stronger than to stabilize the people's soldiers first and then raise the army. However, if it cooperates with the above-mentioned Zhuge Liang and Wu Wan
If Zhou Yu said this, he would not think that Jia Xu's suggestions were worse than Liu Ye's.
Understanding other people's thoughts is also one of Jia Xu's specialties. When Jia Xu was young, he was caught by Di bandits and almost buried alive by the bandits. Jia Xu said calmly: "I am the grandson of Mr. Duan, please don't bury me.
My family will redeem him generously." At that time, Taiwei Duan Juong had a good reputation for guarding the frontier in his early years, so Jia Xu used Duan Juong's name to scare the bandits. Of course, Jia Xu was not related to Duan Juong, but he expected that the bandits would never
Dare to really capture him as a hostage, so I thought of this way to save my life.
As for Cao Cao, Jia Xu is simply a roundworm in his belly. Needless to say, the third item in the argument about surrendering Cao Cao is that in Cao Cao's later years, when Cao Pi and Cao Zhi were fighting for succession, as a supporter of Cao Pi, he knew that Cao Cao did not like to see courtiers marry.
Party, so he declined friendship and only helped Cao Pi secretly. When Cao Cao asked him about his successor, his answer was to the point: "I miss Yuan Benchu, Liu Jingsheng and his son." He also told Cao Pi that as long as he behaves respectfully and filial piety, he can win over Cao Pi.
Cao Huanxin is much more clever than Yang Xiu's method of writing a cheat sheet to Cao Zhi. After Cao Cao followed Jia Xu's advice, he began to eliminate Cao Zhi's party members, Ding Yi, Yang Xiu and the deaths of celebrities close to Cao Zhi. Not so much Cao Cao
Jealousy of talents is rather to weaken Cao Zhi's power. Even Cui Yan, who supports Cao Pi, may be because his niece is Cao Zhi's wife (who was later executed by Cao Cao) and other factors, which made Cao Cao lay a trap for him.
Murderous intention. This shows that Jia Xu was right not to form a party. If Cao Cao did not adopt Jia Xu's advice and make Cao Zhi his successor, the political storm would be difficult to sweep away Jia Xu.
The alienation tactic was also a strategy that Jia Xu was good at. Chang'an was severely damaged, and Jia Xu knew that he was in the wrong. Therefore, in addition to reducing the war between Li and Guo, he also rewarded the Qiang soldiers from Xiliang in the name of the court and persuaded them to desert Li Jue.
, greatly weakening Li Jue's military strength overnight.
The battle in which Jia Xu made the greatest contribution in Cao's camp was to pacify Ma Chao and Han Sui. Although the Liangzhou soldiers were much inferior to Cao's army, the Liangzhou cavalry was brave and good at fighting, and Ma Chao was unparalleled in bravery. Only Chu could barely match him, and Han Sui was no mediocre either.
After killing Cao Cao, he cut off his beard and discarded his robe. He was in a state of embarrassment no less than that of Jieshui, and Chibi was defeated. So Jia Xu came up with a plan and suggested that Cao Cao write a letter to Han Sui with the key points corrected, and let Ma Chao intercept the letter.
.Ma Chao fell into the trap and forced Han Sui to surrender. He became weak and had to seek refuge with Zhang Lu.
As for the matter of alienating Pound, I will not discuss it because I have found no historical evidence to support it.
In short, Jia Xu was also an outstanding wise man in the Three Kingdoms and a figure who should not be underestimated.
