Chapter 2277 the opposition between feudalism and the new era
Chapter 2277, The Confrontation between Feudalism and the New Era
Under the leadership of Liu Jin, the military generals of the Ming Dynasty Xungui Group had actually transformed into an emerging bourgeoisie early on, and each of their subordinates owned a large number of industries.
These factories, firms, etc. are all controlled by emerging capitalists and entrepreneurs. These feudal nobles are just emerging capitalists disguised as feudal nobles.
The traditional feudal nobles relied on the traditional feudal feudal system to survive. They relied on the output of the feudal land obtained by their families to survive, and they also did some small businesses as appropriate.
Under such a system, although these noble groups can live a good life, the wealth and energy they control are far inferior to those of the capitalists.
The output of the land is limited, especially under traditional farming. The little grain, cloth, tea, etc. that are produced can still allow these nobles to live a good life in a feudal society.
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However, in the era of rapid development, capital is rampant, and technology is developing rapidly, this output becomes insignificant.
Factories and commercial banks are different. As soon as the factory machines are started, money rolls in like snowflakes. The income that any factory can generate in a year is higher than the income that was previously obtained by being close to the land.
Although these nobles of the Ming Dynasty are still nobles, they have essentially broken away from the original feudal aristocracy and are representatives of the emerging bourgeoisie.
Since it is the bourgeoisie, it will naturally have its own interests and demands that the entire social system be better suited to the development of the capitalist era.
To put it simply, it requires the imperial court to better serve itself and the capitalist era.
Liu Jin looked at the newspaper, looking at the things reported in the newspaper, and he was thinking rapidly in his mind.
Because they specialize in salt and iron, these salt merchants can unscrupulously raise the price of salt. You have to eat the salt even if you don’t want it. No matter how expensive it is, you still have to buy it.
Being an official in this way is naturally very comfortable and there are very few things you need to do every day.
Relying on such policy barriers, the salt merchants became the richest people in the world, but neither the Ming court nor the people received any benefits.
Fortunately, Emperor Yongsheng was still sober and did not really listen to the opinions of these conservative officials. Otherwise, the Ming Dynasty would have been in chaos long ago.
Naturally, there is no need to provide any education to ordinary people. Farming does not require much education, and you don't even need to know how to read.
Only on this basis can these capitalists be able to run factories and firms with higher technological content and higher added value.
In this regard, Liu Jin and Wang Shouren did very well when they were here.
The tuition of private schools is extremely expensive, and ordinary families simply cannot afford it. However, private schools can lead directly to good universities, which is the foundation for the future to gain a foothold in the middle and upper reaches of society.
This requires the government to actively serve the society, raise funds to improve infrastructure, and at the same time better regulate and manage the market, provide general basic education, cultivate more qualified industrial workers, etc.
Later, with the gradual abolition of the salt and iron monopoly and the opening up of the salt industry, not only did the Ming Dynasty gain more tax revenue from salt, but the common people also enjoyed cheaper and better quality salt.
Especially in some technical factories and emerging fields that require technology, the requirements for workers are even higher. They not only need to know words and arithmetic, but also need to understand more scientific knowledge, mechanical knowledge, etc.
At the same time, the government will develop compulsory education and popularize higher education through the government, so as to cultivate various professional talents to serve itself.
Therefore, in feudal society, knowledge is always in the hands of a very small number of scholars, and the proportion is very low. Often there may not be many people in a county who can read, and the cost of studying is also extremely expensive, thereby squeezing out ordinary people.
outside.
But for capitalists in the new era, they have many requirements. For example, if capitalists want to build factories, they naturally require the construction of good roads, railways, ports, etc., so as to facilitate the transportation of raw materials and commodities.
Relying on this method, society is divided into the general public and the elite class. The elite class firmly controls everything, while the general public appears to be relatively ignorant and ignorant, even to the basic half.
You can't figure out how much you add one-third to.
In fact, the current system still exists in Europe and the United States in later generations.
The happy education advocated by later generations of Europeans and Americans is essentially laissez-faire, allowing ordinary children to become happy and waste away, and will never have the possibility of joining the upper class society.
New learning is the foundation, and prohibiting new learning will disturb their foundation and foundation, and will naturally lead to strong opposition from them.
But the traditional feudal system and bureaucratic system are obviously unable to adapt to this.
Because only those with a certain academic background can be applied and qualified for related jobs. If you are uneducated and know too little, it will be difficult to be qualified for this job.
Take the automobile manufacturing industry, do you think that just anyone can go to the automobile factory to drive screws?
Automobile manufacturing is a technical job, and employees in the factory basically have educational requirements. Even in later generations, at least they will require a college degree or above.
A very simple point is that the capitalist era and the industrial era require a large amount of raw materials and markets.
Logically speaking, it should be distributed according to the court's system, distributed to those merchants, and then sold to people across the country.
For ordinary people, they certainly hope that their children can receive education and gain knowledge, because only in this way can their own destiny be changed.
If he still wants the imperial era like before, his future will be full of all kinds of changes.
They do not need to know the characters, let alone have any cultural knowledge, and without knowledge and culture, it is more conducive to the rule and stability of feudal society.
The governance philosophy of the conservative officials is completely opposite to the interest demands of the emerging bourgeoisie.
Constantly expanding externally, acquiring more land to grow cotton and raise sheep, which was the source of raw materials, also used the powerful force of the Ming Empire to force the Ottoman Empire to sign a trade agreement, so that the Ming Empire's goods could be dumped into the Ottoman Empire, and
No tariffs will be added, etc.
A very simple point is that most of the conservative civil servants are always talking about the ancient system, ancient system and so on. They are used to the traditional way of being officials. They are aloof and the people are ignorant and ignorant. They can do whatever they want.
Kneading, they just need to drink tea, read newspapers, and review cases.
For example, salt in the past was in the hands of the imperial court because of the salt and iron monopoly system. The salt was produced by the kitchen households in the salt field who boiled the salt day and night.
The traditional feudal system and bureaucrats are obviously unable to do this. They feel that they are the old men of this society, and it is the capitalists who serve themselves, rather than themselves serving the capitalists.
In the past, Liu Jin and Wang Shouren realized this easily, so they have been making efforts in various aspects, but now.
Emperor Yongsheng was both lucky and sad.
However, during the Yongsheng Dynasty, Emperor Yongsheng began to reuse his traditional conservative civil servants. The ideas of these conservative civil servants ran counter to the interests of the bourgeoisie.
They have gained higher incomes and lived a completely different life from their ancestors. They are now the mainstream and main force in the Ming Dynasty.
At the same time, emerging capitalists will also demand that it is better and easier to recruit enough workers and good enough workers, which requires free movement of the population and requires these workers to obtain certain basic education.
In the final analysis, it is actually a struggle for the right to speak.
Of course they do not want to lose their jobs or their lives, nor do they want to be illiterate like their ancestors, knowing nothing and knowing nothing.
Instead, we should pay attention to traditional Confucian education and vigorously establish more private schools, academies, etc. to spread Confucian education and ideas.
The traditional feudal system often relies on the barriers of this policy and establishes interests in this area through various laws or privileges.
Relatively speaking, capitalists hope to obtain a fair competitive environment, where everyone can participate and earn a living based on their abilities.
However, in fact, because of this salt and iron monopoly system, all the salt was ultimately in the hands of the officials who held the power, and then flowed to the hands of businessmen related to them.
This is also a very important reason for the crisis in the Ming Dynasty's textile industry, because with sufficient supply of raw materials and all the machines in the textile industry running, production capacity has skyrocketed, and the world simply cannot digest so many clothes and shoes.
Fortunately, the Ming Dynasty took over a great situation. Sadly, with the development of the times, the feudal era is constantly being buried. The development of the emerging bourgeoisie has put forward more demands for him as the emperor. If he cannot adapt to this
era.
At the very least, if workers can read, know weights and measures, be able to do arithmetic, etc., they will be able to do the work in the factory.
The Yongsheng Emperor Zhu Zaicheng began to reuse these feudal conservative officials. Not only did they fail to make efforts in this regard, they even began to go against the grain and introduce some systems that were not conducive to the development of capitalism.
If we were in a feudal society, and the people were bound by land, they only needed to know how to farm, and they didn't need to know much about anything else.
In the final analysis, these are all serving the development of capitalism, helping capitalists find the origin of raw materials and product sales, so that the products of the Ming Empire can be sold around the world, and they also obtain raw materials from all over the world.
Why education can develop in later generations is not because those elites really think about ordinary people, but because of the development needs of capitalism. They need more talents, more educated talents, so they will build more
Many schools.
More importantly, the bourgeoisie will demand a relatively fairer competitive environment, and the tradition of feudal society is to rely on feudal privileges to erect barriers.
In addition, the bourgeoisie hopes that the government can respond more quickly so that if any problems or troubles arise, they can be resolved quickly.
As for the real elite, their children receive a very strict education. They all go to private schools, and their studies from an early age are extremely arduous.
These people who are firmly bound to the land generally do not move beyond their own county. Many of them have never even left their own town in their entire lives.
For this reason, Liu Jin even used grain to attack major grain-producing areas around the world, causing Europe, the Ottoman Empire, Persia, China and other regions to give up growing their own grain and instead plant cotton and breed sheep, so that they can get more
of raw materials.
For example, they believe that New Learning is the root cause of the spread of public school thought and other new trends of thought, and that New Learning should be strictly prohibited and the opening of New Learning schools should be prohibited.
This point alone completely angered the bourgeoisie, as well as ordinary people throughout the Ming Dynasty.
The bourgeoisie today is not the same as it was a few decades ago. They have already occupied the mainstream in the Ming Dynasty, and they also have extremely huge power.
If capitalists want to develop better, they must have power and voice, so that they can better serve the development and growth of the bourgeoisie.
This is a typical example of relying on policies to erect barriers and making huge profits from such unfair policies.
This is a typical phenomenon after breaking down barriers. Only when there is competition in the market can there be services and better quality and value.
The emerging bourgeoisie will require the government to serve them. Their factories need convenient transportation, water and electricity, etc., as well as high-quality workers.
This will require the Ming Empire to always maintain a strong posture externally, because only a powerful Ming Empire can successfully open up the markets of other countries, and at the same time involve other countries into the rolling capitalist era, making the whole world a
Capitalists’ sources of raw materials and product sales markets.
The existence of Xinxue has enabled countless Ming people to acquire knowledge, master knowledge, and change their own destiny. Countless Ming people have transformed from traditional farmers into industrial workers, business managers, teachers, doctors, engineers, etc. in the city.
wait.
It is not difficult or impossible to unite to overthrow the Zhu family dynasty.
And now the bourgeoisie has its own ideological guidance, and it also has the example set by the South African Colony and the Western Union Corporation.
Gongtianxia is not unfeasible. In fact, Gongtianxia can do better than Jiatianxia.
If Emperor Yongsheng continues like this, bourgeois revolution will inevitably occur.
