Chapter 148 Li Qingzhao, whose painting style has completely collapsed (6K)
From a domain perspective.
Although the Song Dynasty in 1100 had not established a complete scientific training system, let alone the so-called scientific research literacy.
But it is in this era of relative ignorance and chaos.
Lao Su still made the most appropriate choice as soon as he observed the appearance of the cell:
Rubbing pattern.
no way.
After all, in the past few decades.
Whether it is drawing a star map, compiling the "Bencao Illustration" or writing the "New Essentials of Etiquette", illustration is an indispensable core link...
To use the JOJO memes of later generations, it is
Draw pictures.
This is already the instinct burned into the old Su NDA.
A quarter of an hour later.
Mr. Xie returned to the courtyard with a small box and handed it to Lao Su:
"Sir, here is the pen and paper."
Lao Su nodded and took the pen and paper.
While instructing Mr. Xie to take care of the ink grinding, he spread the paper on the stone table.
Because time is relatively tight, Xu Yun has not had time to rub his ballpoint pen these days.
Therefore, Lao Su could still only use a fine-edged brush this time, which was slightly more difficult to draw than a ballpoint pen.
However, Lao Su Neng was still very solid in his education from the official position to the prime minister.
For example, in "New Yixiang Fa Yao", there are many pictures by his hand, which is much better than Maverick's soul painter.
I saw him staring at the magnifying glass for a few times, then leaving the eyepiece and starting to draw on the paper with a fine pen.
After drawing a few strokes, I returned to the magnifying glass again, and repeated this process many times.
Xu Yun and others didn't say much when they saw this.
Not to mention complaining about Lao Su occupying resources by himself, asking him to give up his seat or anything like that.
Considering Lao Su's status, even if he tinkered with the microscope all night, it was nothing.
that's all.
Half an hour passed by.
Half an hour later.
Lao Su put down his brush and exhaled a breath of exhaustion, with a few beads of sweat faintly visible on his forehead.
The drawing paper in front of him was filled with a large number of strange and bizarre figures.
There are rectangular, square and oval shapes.
There are also tadpole-like strips, triangles, and strange special shapes like mutant neon men, etc.
Then Old Su Yun calmed his breath and took a tea cup from the hand of Mr. Xie Duguan beside him.
He took a sip and gave his seat to Xiao Li who couldn't wait.
He himself picked up the drawing paper, blew on it, and asked Xu Yun:
"Xiao Wang, I have drawn many particles in the microscope onto the paper. Are these particles all microorganisms?"
Xu Yun thought for a while, shook his head and said:
"Strictly speaking, what you said is only about 70% correct."
Then he glanced at Lao Su, who had a 'Why is it only 70%?', and continued to explain:
"Sir, there are many types of particles in feces, possibly hundreds or even thousands.
For example, there are muscle fibers, red blood cells, white blood cells, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, yeast, etc.”
As he spoke, he walked to the drawing, pointed at one of the larger particles and said:
"This substance is starch granules, which, together with muscle fibers, fat, etc., are one of the normal metabolites in feces.
Well, it seems that the number of particles in this sample is a bit too much.
It is estimated that the donkey's gastrointestinal condition may not be very good, so he can be given more work to exercise his gastrointestinal tract.
all in all.
These starch granules cannot be regarded as life, they can only be regarded as matter."
Old Su nodded as if he understood something. He had already heard Xu Yun introduce the concept of matter when he was working on Allicin:
"I see."
Then Xu Yun moved his finger again and pointed at another small point.
Although the image drawn by Lao Su is not colored, it is still easy to distinguish its origin from the number and appearance:
"These are white blood cells, which are a common type of cells in animals.
According to the notes of the Fengling Yueying Sect, this cell is a key protective barrier in the human body and can swallow some disease-carrying bodies.
But if the amount is too large, it may also cause a kind of blood disease.
People suffering from this disease often have fever all over the body, and blood is easily oozing from all parts of the body, and it is difficult to cure them with medicine or stone."
blood.
This is a type of term for leukemia in ancient times.
Of course.
Due to cognitive problems, ancient medicine basically classified all blood-related diseases into hematuria.
Strictly speaking.
Leukemia and blood disease belong to the relationship between subsets and collections and are not equivalent.
But Xu Yun did not deliberately correct this point. After all, it is better for Lao Su or his descendants to discover some concepts on their own.
Anyway, with the magic tool of the microscope, the future development of medicine can be predicted with the naked eye, at least in the short term.
To put it bluntly, it is only a matter of time before symptoms such as leukemia and bacteremia are discovered and classified.
And while Lao Su was trying hard to accept these concepts.
Wang Yue, who was always silent on the side, looked at Tuotu, his cheeks twitched twice, and he couldn't help but interjected:
"Xiao Wang, according to you, there are a lot of pathogenic bacteria in feces, right?"
Xu Yun nodded:
"Yes, fecal water can be regarded as one of the living substances with the highest number of pathogenic bacteria."
Wang Yue asked again:
""So Xiao Wang, what kind of bacteria caused the disease that Wang contracted? Can it be shown on the picture?"
When Wang Yue spoke, his eyes never left the drawing paper, wishing he could pull the germ out of it and fight it for three hundred rounds.
Seeing this, Xu Yun couldn't help but became speechless and explained aloud:
"Lord Zhonghou, what you had originally was bacteremia, and there are many possible pathogenic bacteria.
But if nothing else, it’s most likely some kind of Gram-positive bacteria, such as it and it.”
Students who have studied medicine or biology in college should know this.
Bacteria can be divided into two categories: Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria through Gram staining.
After the former is stained, the bacterial cells still retain the blue-purple color of the first dyed crystal violet.
After the latter is stained, the bacterial cells first lose their original color of crystal violet and take on a complex red or sandy red color.
As for the difference between the two Western armies, it is also obvious:
Positive bacteria produce exotoxins, and negative bacteria produce endotoxins.
Therefore, Gram-positive bacteria generally cause purulent lesions.
Typical of these are the bacteremia Wang Yue suffered from and the sepsis that will inevitably occur on a normal trajectory.
Although negative bacteria can also cause bacteremia and sepsis, they usually appear in the abdomen, biliary tract and urinary tract.
Of course.
Gram staining is required to classify the two types of bacteria. It is not difficult to see certain types of bacteria under a high-power microscope.
Xu Yun then moved his fingers and pointed at a few bacteria with obvious appearances, such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.
The shape can basically be recognized at a glance.
After all, although Lao Su painted very seriously, hand-painting is still hand-painting, and the degree of restoration is an unavoidable problem.
Especially compared with the images of later generations, the images drawn by Lao Su Tuohui are indeed not clear enough, so we can only give priority to those bacteria with obvious characteristics.
anyway.
If you have the chance, you can get a pencil and develop some sketching.
After all, compared with traditional ink painting, the degree of restoration of sketch painting is obviously much higher.
If the craftsmanship is superb, the image quality may even be infinitely close to the restoration.
"staphylococcus"
Wang Yue repeated the term and stared at the image on the drawing for a long time.
It's as if he wants to burn it into his heart.
Then he turned his head.
He looked at his brother.
Although they are just generals with limited vision, they are not as knowledgeable as Lao Suna.
It is even less possible to judge the value of microscopes from the perspective of the times.
But as witnesses of bacteremia and front-line generals, they know one thing very well:
Dung water is an almost irresistible ultimate killer weapon on the battlefield.
During encounters, excrement is often smeared on swords, guns or arrows, and the effect is more powerful than many poisons.
The enemy will basically die, and the best-case scenario is that one of them will become a disabled person after recovering from illness.
In the battle to defend the city, the defenders would heat the feces and urine in a pot and use the rolling stones to fall down.
There are many high-temperature-resistant bacteria in feces and urine, which can survive for more than 30 seconds under high temperature, and some will continue to exist in the form of spores.
Therefore, the victims will be burned first, and then suppuration will occur. It is a miracle that one out of ten people can survive.
This excrement weapon also has a very famous name:
Golden juice.
By the way.
Gold juice is also one of the special weapons in the history of Chinese civilization.
Most of the materials used in Europe are asphalt. The purpose is to burn the enemy through the heat conduction of the armor without any subsequent biological damage.
all in all.
If the Ordnance Agency can further explore the characteristics of E. coli through microscopy, it may be able to prepare better drugs!
After all, although allicin is extremely effective, its storage time is still too short.
It's okay for occasional emergencies, but it's difficult to achieve large-scale popularization and emergency use.
If the imperial court can develop more efficient drugs, it may even have an important or even decisive impact on the war situation on the Western Front!
Xu Yun then became a teacher again, briefly introducing some basic concepts to Lao Su and others.
And just like when making lenses before, he once again chose to play dumb with some concepts.
Either the manuscript has been lost, or even the Fengling Yueying Sect did not study it in depth.
As for deeper observation inside cells?
He plans to go back in two days.
Firstly, it means biting off more knowledge than you can chew, and instilling too much at once may not necessarily be effective.
Secondly, observing the interior of cells also requires some stains, and preparation also takes time.
Later generations of stains generally used magenta acetate or gentian violet, but in fact hematoxylin is also a good stain.
More importantly.
Preparing hematoxylin does not require sophisticated equipment, just find the materials.
Its precursor component is called hematoxylin, which is extracted from the trunk of hematoxylin.
Hematoxylin is oxidized to form hematoxylin, which can be used as a dye.
Parts of cells with more DNA and RNA can be stained blue with hematoxylin, making it much easier to observe and interpret.
And the other side.
After getting off the microscope.
Xiao Li quietly pulled Xu Yun aside and said mysteriously:
"Wang Lin, I want to ask you something."
Xu Yun blinked:
"What's going on?"
Xiao Li looked around a few times and asked:
"Let me ask you, how much money did this microscope cost in total?"
"How much silver?"
Hearing Xiao Li's words, Xu Yun was stunned.
What does this little bean sprout want to do with money?
However, he was confused, so he still touched his head and answered truthfully:
"The material costs about a hundred dollars. If it's not silver-plated, maybe it can be reduced to less than a hundred dollars?
But if you include labor costs, it’s hard to say. The price for hiring Master Qi shouldn’t be very low.”
In fact, from an objective point of view.
The most valuable part of a microscope is actually the calculation of curvature, which can even be regarded as a technical barrier.
However, when Xu Yun made the estimate, he subconsciously omitted his own contribution.
After all, from the perspective of future generations, he only did a small amount of work, and it was good that he was not hired for another job.
Xiao Li nodded thoughtfully and said:
"I have heard about Master Qi's craftsmanship. Last year, a merchant in Hebei Province reforged a water wheel and asked Master Qi to do it at a high price.
The president of that chamber of commerce is a classmate of my father's. When I came to visit my house in the beginning, I vaguely heard him say that Master Qi's salary is almost three times a day, and there are miscellaneous items and so on."
Xiao Li counted with his fingers for a while, and finally said:
"In other words, the cost of a microscope is about one hundred and fifty dollars?"
Xu Yun thought for a while and nodded:
"About this number."
Xiao Li stopped talking after hearing this.
After a while.
Just when Xu Yun was thinking about whether to speak, Xiao Li seemed to have made up his mind and asked:
"Wang Lin, if I can spend two hundred dollars, can you design another microscope?"
Xu Yun was stunned:
"Clam?"
Seeing the surprised expression on his face, Xiao Li gently nudged the crowd watching the microscope with his chin and explained:
"Wang Lin, that microscope was of poor workmanship and not worth much, so I shamelessly asked Uncle Su to take it home.
But this microscope is expensive to build, and it would be disrespectful to ask for it for free.
But if this mirror is shared with others, not to mention the complicated daily interactions, this mirror cannot be freely used by me every day."
Looking at Xiao Li who was mumbling a lot of reasons, Xu Yun's expression couldn't help but become more subtle.
Oh my god!
The painting style of Master Yi An is not only getting more and more crooked, but it seems that he can't hold it anymore. What should I do?
Keep going like this.
In the future, Yi'an Jushi may have to change to Suramycin Jushi.
If those fans of Xiao Li in future generations knew about this, they would probably be hung up and beaten.
But soon.
In Xu Yun's mind, the image of Xiao Li tinkering with the microscope appeared again.
As a scientific researcher of later generations, Xu Yun knows one thing very well:
Scientific research talent is actually a very mysterious property, but it does exist.
Some people know nothing about physics, but they are well organized when conducting biological experiments, and their efficiency is many times that of others.
Judging from Xiao Li's current grasp of biological concepts.
Not to mention that she has 100% talent in biological scientific research, at least the probability is not too low.
If enough resources are really provided to her, coupled with Xiao Li's background and the relatively high social tolerance of women in the Northern Song Dynasty,
Is it really possible for this girl to become the butcher of the Song Dynasty?
Think of this.
Xu Yun couldn't help but look at Xiao Li and muttered:
"Miss Li, it's not difficult to design a microscope. I can just redesign the radius of curvature, but what about Master?"
Xiao Li heard the song and knew its elegant meaning, and quickly said:
"There's no problem with Uncle Su. I checked in with him yesterday. If not, I wouldn't have come to find you first."
Xu Yun nodded:
"That's no problem, but Miss Li, this money is not a small amount, you"
"Just don't worry."
Before he could finish speaking, Xiao Li, whose eyes were shining in anticipation of the microscope, waved his fist at him and said with great enthusiasm:
"I just wrote three lyrics a few days ago. I originally planned to make a name for myself during the Moon Worship Lantern Festival in August and a half to surprise my dad.
But now I have changed my mind. After all, the lantern can write lyrics, so how can it be interesting to look at a microscope?
So I plan to sell them to the city's painting boats. With my current reputation, it's not difficult to sell them for two hundred guan, not to mention three more poems."
Xu Yun:
""
Note:
On the last day of the month, please give me some monthly tickets.