Aircraft parameters are generally divided into two types:
Uncomputable parameters and computable parameters.
A typical representative of the former is aerodynamic data.
Friends who have participated in aircraft design should all know this.
Due to the uncalculability of some data, aircraft design often requires observation through wind tunnels.
For example, the shape of the flow field can be observed qualitatively through tracer particles + laser sheet light, but it is not accurate enough to quantitatively analyze the flow field.
In order to truly measure the flow field, PIV technology has been developed in recent years.
That is to say, an ultra-high-speed camera is used to take two consecutive pictures of the same section.
for the same particle.
There is a gap in the shooting time of these two pictures, so the recorded position must have changed, from which the displacement distance can be calculated.
If you know the time interval between taking two photos at the same time, you can calculate the speed of the particle.
If the velocities of all particles on this section are calculated, it will be a real-time velocity vector field.
As long as you take 100 pictures continuously and connect them together, you can see the changes in the velocity vector. Use this method to collect flow field data...
So in a modern context.
It is actually quite difficult to design a model, and the cost will be very high, and most people simply cannot afford it.
If the wind tunnel blows, there will be thousands of gold coins. This is no joke.
However, the model Xu Yun wants to build this time is very simple, so he does not need the help of a wind tunnel in terms of design. The main target is to focus on calculable parameters.
Therefore, as time goes by, the entire project is proceeding in an orderly manner.
Four months later.
It's still a manufacturing company.
At this moment.
Xu Yunzheng, Xiao Zhao and Lao Zhong walked slowly behind an old man in his seventies.
This lasted for about a quarter of an hour.
After passing through a strict security line, a small hut suddenly appeared in front of everyone.
The old man listened to the pigs braying in front of the house, turned around, saluted Xiao Zhao respectfully, and said:
"Your Highness, Old General Zhong, Prince Wang, this is where you are."
Xiao Zhao looked around, nodded, and pointed to the door:
"Master Su, open the door."
The old man surnamed Su quickly said yes, took out a key from his sleeve, and opened the door to the workshop.
Then he made a gesture of invitation:
"Guys, please come in. The little old man will lead the way."
Xu Yun and the other three entered.
This workshop covers an area of about a hundred square meters, with a set of equipment placed in the center.
About half of these equipment are distillation-related equipment, and the rest are a few glassware and a number of bottles and jars.
The size of the glassware is similar to the 15-liter bucket of the water dispenser. It is the kind of thing that girls will complain that they can't move when a boy is around, but will be picked up with one hand when a boy is not around.
I only see this moment.
Each glass vessel is filled with some kind of clear solution, which looks a bit viscous and not quite like water.
There are some silvery, chrysanthemum-like plants floating in the solution.
Next to one of the largest glass vessels, Brother Donkey was pulling it around in a circle with a groan.
Xu Yunjian walked to the vessel and carefully observed the internal situation for a while through the glass cover of the vessel.
Then he stuffed Brother Donkey with a handful of grass and asked the old man:
"Master Su, how long have these silver chrysanthemums been soaked?"
The old man surnamed Su pondered for a moment, calculated the time in his mind, and replied:
"It's been about ten hours."
Xu Yun nodded thoughtfully:
"Then let the donkey rest for a while."
The Master Su he was talking about had the same surname as Old Su, his full name was Su Qi. He was a master from the Garment Department of East Zhejiang Road Prefecture.
Unlike Siegfried.
Su Qi is not a craftsman, but he has extremely rich experience in dyes.
There are many modules in the assembly process of the aircraft designed by Xu Yun, and the production of most of the equipment relies on sophisticated craftsmen like Siegfried.
But in some aspects, special professionals like Su Qi are needed.
for example
Preparation of rubber-like substances.
Friends who have a little knowledge of engine structure should know it.
In addition to steel, various alloys or ceramics, there is another material that is essential for engines:
That's the rubber part.
For example, engine oil pipes, crankshaft oil seals, valve oil seals, O-rings, etc. all require the use of a variety of rubber parts.
The origin of rubber is Brazil. According to the normal timeline, it would take several hundred years for it to be introduced back to Europe from the Americas by the Gallic expedition.
And it was not until the end of the 19th century that rubber finally took shape and became an industrial material.
Therefore, it is absolutely impossible to find natural rubber in the standard sense in the Song Dynasty.
Of course.
Except natural rubber.
Rubber also has a type of synthetic rubber, but this requires enough substances to undergo a polymerization reaction.
Even the simplest dimethylbutadiene is not what Da Song Industry can achieve now.
However, as a physics expert, Xu Yun said that in addition to standard rubber, there are also some methods to produce rubber-like products.
For example, it was widely spread in later generations
Eucommia gum.
Eucommia ulmoides is a single plant unique to my country.
Secondary rubber is a natural polymer material, also called trans isoprene rubber.
In the later 21st century.
The local government is also vigorously developing this material. Its technical value is very high and its prospects are quite broad.
However, Eucommia gum has limited engine sensitivity, and the extraction process is also complicated, even requiring the use of petroleum ether.
Therefore, after much consideration, Xu Yun finally chose another plant:
Silver chrysanthemum.
Silver chrysanthemum, also known as silver leaf chrysanthemum, is a plant with leaves that resemble snowflakes and is quite beautiful.
It is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Basin in my country, is more common than Eucommia ulmoides, and has very low transportation costs.
The guayule produced by guayule is also a very good rubber-like product and is very suitable for engine ends. (DOI: 10.28077/n.nki.nhgb.2005.001315)
What Xu Yun and others saw at this time was the first step in guayule production:
Place them into an alkaline dip in a sodium hydroxide solution, and dissolve the stratum corneum through sodium hydroxide.
The sodium hydroxide needed for this step still comes from the initial electrolysis step.
As for Brother Donkey?
Naturally, it provides centrifugal power to increase the contact surface.
Before Xu Yun and others came, Su Qi soaked the silver chrysanthemums for a long time. After guessing that the time was almost up, Xu Yun said to Su Qi:
"Master Su, let's start the next step."
Su Qi said yes, put on her gloves and walked to a corner.
After a while, he brought back a small plate.
At this time, there was a pile of sticky white mucus on the plate, exuding a faint fishy smell.
Of course.
Don't get me wrong.
These things are not extracted liquids, but
Crushed termite carcasses.
That's right.
termite carcasses,
Termites are the main degraders of natural cellulose. There is a microorganism called flagellate in their digestive tract, which produces a large amount of cellulase.
These cellulases can hydrolyze the cell wall of guayule and release the glue.
At the same time, termite corpses will not affect the preparation of guayule, and cellulase will not react with sodium hydroxide, making it a very excellent self-extraction material.
Wait until this step is completed.
Just reflux and extract, then filter while hot.
After cooling, freeze it at subzero temperature for one hour to get the finished guayule.
After putting termites into the vessel.
Considering that the next steps still took a long time, Xu Yun took the initiative to ask Su Qi:
"Master Su, are the finished products that have been refined before still there?"
Su Qi nodded and said:
"The demand up front is huge. Master Qi and the others have taken away a lot of finished products, but there are still some hoses that have not been taken away."
"Master Wang, please wait a moment. I will go get it right away."
After saying that, Su Qi turned around and walked to another corner.
After a while.
Su Qi returned to Xu Yun with a few hoses and handed them to him:
"Master Wang, this is the hose that was made earlier. It is processed according to the requirements in the diagram."
Xu Yun took the hose and pulled it with normal strength.
Under the application of force, the rubber hose quickly turned into a thinner strip, but it was not broken.
Xu Yun nodded with satisfaction and handed it to Xiao Zhao:
"Your Highness, would you like to take a look?"
Xiao Zhao took the hose with great interest and studied it with Lao Zhong.
After a while.
Xiao Zhao raised his head thoughtfully and said to Xu Yun:
"Master Wang, is this thing waterproof?"
Xu Yun smiled at him and replied:
"sure."
Xiao Zhao tried to flatten the rubber tube again, rubbing the rubber surface with his thumb and index finger, and said:
"In that case, can't this thing be made into rubber shoes or rubber coats?"
Xu Yun immediately raised his eyelids and glanced at him with slight surprise.
Unexpectedly, the first thing that the would-be emperor thought of was applications in the field of people's livelihood, but he still affirmed:
"His Highness hit the mark. Yes, this material is a good material for making rubber shoes."
He is not flattering Xiao Zhao.
The rubber shoes and rubber coats that Xiao Zhao mentioned are indeed the early applications of rubber in life.
Although the vulcanization process still needs to be used in the middle, it is quite good to be honest that it can be thought of in a short time.
When natural rubber was brought back to Europe, it was first used to make some toys and souvenirs. No one thought of making rubber shoes at all.
It was not until more than thirty years later that Europeans realized its waterproof properties and suddenly had an idea.
Beside Xiao Zhao, Lao Zhong was also looking at the rubber in his hand with great interest.
“Good stuff”
As a member of the army, Lao Zhong's thinking is obviously more militarized. He just said to Xu Yunde:
"Xiao Wang, according to you, the initial state of this thing was mushy?"
Xu Yun nodded towards him and said:
"Yes, when it is first extracted, guayule looks like rice cereal."
"Is it sticky?"
"Of course."
Seeing this, the old man quickly asked:
"Then if guayule is applied to the loose parts of weapons or axles before it solidifies, wouldn't it have a reinforcing effect?"
"If it can be applied to the handles of swords and guns, it seems that it can also reduce some wear and tear on the palms of sergeants."
When Xu Yun heard this, his brows raised again.
Good guy.
As expected, he was a well-known military master in the late Song Dynasty. Laozhong's military literacy was really impressive. He immediately thought of the role of rubber in cold weapons.
To know.
Before the emergence of bug-level products like rubber wheels, the biggest use of rubber in industry and military was to bond weapons and reinforce equipment.
For example, the long knives and spears commonly seen in the Song Dynasty army.
Don't look at the swords, guns, and sticks in movies and TV shows. Each weapon looks very delicate, with carved patterns and carved characters.
But in fact.
In the ancient setting, the quality of weapons equipped by low-level sergeants could not reach the level seen in movies and TV shows.
For example, in ancient times, the handles of swords were generally made of mulberry or jujube wood, and the shafts of spears were made of mulberry wood.
The weapons equipped by the elite troops may be slightly better. They are repeatedly soaked in oil during production, so they are relatively less cumbersome.
But ordinary troops are not so lucky.
Their weapons are basically covered with raw paint on the outside. There is no so-called polishing and waxing at all. If you are unlucky, it is easy to get thorns.
Therefore, wear and tear on the palms and tiger's mouth is very common in all dynasties, and has even affected the situation of many battles.
And if you can add guayule to the grip,
As long as you apply it in the correct way, you can protect your palms without slipping.
Said without politeness.
If such weapons can be widely used for a long time, the winning rate on the ground battlefield may be increased by at least 10%!
An inconspicuous thing can increase combat power by 10%, which is already a very terrifying value.
Of course,
Considering that guayule has not yet been mass-produced, Lao Zhong and Xiao Zhao’s ideas can only be regarded as material prospects and are still some way away from practical application.
Then Xiao Zhao left Su Qi and Lao Zhong at the scene, and took Xu Yun out, casually strolling around the weapon-making bureau:
"Master Wang, I wonder how the production progress of the aircraft is going now?"
Upon hearing this, Xu Yun took out a piece of paper from his sleeve, spread it out, and said:
"Your Highness, this is the progress schedule of each department. The plane is now about 80% complete."
"Eighty percent?"
Xiao Zhao raised his eyebrows in surprise. Xu Yun's answer was somewhat beyond his expectation:
"Isn't this much faster than previously planned?"
Xu Yun smiled, and it could be seen that he was also very satisfied with the progress:
"It's about 20% faster. This is due to the efficiency of the calculation team being much higher than expected."
"Besides, that donkey is also very hard-working and can grind for ten hours a day."
Xiao Zhao nodded with satisfaction, then thought of something again, and said to Xu Yun:
"By the way, Miss Li, are you still missing?"
Hearing the name Xiao Li, Xu Yun's eyes suddenly flashed with a hint of complexity.
In the previous coup he led.
He asked himself that he did not owe Xiao Zhao, Lao Zhong, or Wang Zhen, and he did not even feel the slightest apology to Zhao Ji.
After all, in normal history, this guy directly led the demise of the Song Dynasty and was the chief culprit among the culprits.
Let him step down from the throne in this life, Xu Yun said that Po Tian was right.
Therefore, there were only two people who really made him feel sorry.
One is Lao Su.
Without a way for Lao Su to witness the original timeline with his own eyes, Lao Su was destined to be unable to escape the moral condemnation in his heart.
He will continue to doubt and condemn himself, questioning the correctness of his actions, until the end of his life.
The second one is Xiao Li.
Although Xiao Li still doesn’t know the cause and effect of the whole thing at this time, the reason why Lao Li was imprisoned lies here:
As an outstanding student who has used the microscope in Lao Su's mansion many times, how could Xiao Li not know that there is no hidden compartment under the base of a normal microscope?
At the same time, combined with the analysis of the development of subsequent events, Xiao Li can easily come to a conclusion:
Lao Li was framed and imprisoned by Xu Yun.
Although Lao Li was not seriously injured during the whole process, he was eventually released from prison.
But this approach is ultimately a psychological hurdle for Xiao Li.
So after the whole incident is over.
Xiao Li stopped attending classes at home and refused many visits from Xu Yun.
Of course.
He was blocked again and again, but Xiao Li still didn't return the microscope. After learning that Lao Li was fine, he immediately took the microscope back to Li's house.
The reason is that I spent money and it was a legal transaction.
At the same time, Xiao Zhao also 'suddenly' became curious about living things.
From time to time, he would ask Xu Yun some biological questions, and sometimes he would ask Xu Yun to write them on paper. This matter was not common knowledge to outsiders.
But after all, we can’t see each other again.
Then Xu Yun paused, took out a book three to four centimeters thick from his body, and handed it to Xiao Zhao:
"Xiao Zhao, if it is convenient, please pass this book to Miss Li."
Xiao Zhao took the book, flipped it through a few times, and asked:
"Master Wang, the book seems to be full of biological content?"
Xu Yun nodded and replied:
"Yes, the main knowledge about microorganisms is recorded by Fengling Yueying Sect. Miss Li should be very interested in it."
Xiao Zhao closed the page of the book, looked at Xu Yun with some confusion, and asked:
"Mr. Wang, Miss Li actually doesn't hold a grudge against you. To use your words, she just has some feelings that haven't changed in her heart."
"In a few months when the situation stabilizes, I will come forward to invite you and I to go out for some fun, and the gap will naturally disappear."
"Wouldn't it be better if you give this book to her then?"
Xu Yun was silent for a long time after hearing this, shook his head with complicated emotions, and still insisted:
"Your Highness, it is up to you to deliver this book."
After saying that, he sighed slightly in his heart: