Chapter 299: To buy fish, you need to find a fisherman
The performance of the unknown rays in the refraction process made the atmosphere in the laboratory a bit dull and slightly depressing.
But soon.
There was excitement and fighting spirit in the eyes of Faraday, Gauss and others:
As top scholars standing at the top of their respective fields, they have encountered countless abnormal situations in their lives.
Don't say anything else.
Let’s just take the glow phenomenon that Faraday encountered 12 years ago.
If it hadn't been for Xu Yun's reminder this time, Faraday might not have been able to know the truth until his death.
There are simply too many similar examples, and it can be said that you encounter them every few days.
So for the third person Gauss, Weber and Farah.
What they fear is not the unknown, but the inability to discover the unknown - because when everything can be explained by existing theories, it means that they have cracked all the mysteries.
They are pioneers in the history of human science, and they are also pathfinders.
Compared to the difficulties encountered on the road.
What they are more worried about is that one day, the road will suddenly come to an end.
The unknown can be puzzling at best, but a broken path can lead to despair.
This is not an explicit requirement or a certain clause with legal effect, but the consciousness of the forerunners themselves.
Therefore, after discovering that this unknown ray may shake the foundation of the physical system, Faraday and others also felt excited:
Since it goes against the grain with respect to refraction, what about the other properties?
For example......
How penetrating is this beam of rays?
The optical path length of two meters at best shows that its penetrating power is very strong, but it cannot be used to characterize the mysterious ray.
Think of this.
Faraday returned to the operating table, took out a piece of wood about one centimeter thick, and placed it on the end of the anode.
Only a small amount of rays visible to the naked eye due to air ionization hit the center of the target.
Then......
It penetrated the wooden board easily and landed steadily on the film not far away.
Faraday's eyes suddenly condensed, and he looked at Gauss and said:
"Friedrich, did you see it? What a strong light."
Gauss also nodded.
According to inherent knowledge.
A piece of wood with a thickness of one centimeter and no gaps is theoretically enough to block most of the light.
Even in the photoelectric effect that Xu Yun demonstrated before, if such a wooden board is added to the optical path, the phenomenon at the receiver will be greatly affected, and the flash will not even occur at all.
And at this moment.
This mysterious ray seemed to ignore the existence of the wooden board and passed through it without any pressure?
Although Faraday had looked at the temperature rise value of the previous thermocouple, he was already prepared for the penetrating ability of the mysterious ray.
But when he actually saw this scene, he still felt a lot of fluctuations in his heart.
To know.
Refraction and penetration are almost the basic properties of light.
Could it be that such a beam of invisible light is really going to turn the entire optics... no, the entire scientific world upside down?
Then Faraday took a deep breath and took out another book.
This book is about five or six centimeters thick. It is a best-selling book called "Unknown world anual".
He replaced the wooden board with the book and placed it at the end of the anode.
Then he turned his head and locked his eyes tightly on the film.
But what made his heart skip a beat was...
Spot...
It was still printed steadily on the film without any changes.
no doubt.
The penetrating power of this unknown ray has exceeded any known light.
"call......"
Faraday exhaled heavily and picked up a steel plate again.
this time.
His fingers were trembling a little because...
The steel plate is a bit heavy.
Faraday placed the steel plate in front of him, his mood a little complicated.
There is both worry and excitement.
In a sense.
This steel plate can be regarded as the last piece of armor to protect classical physics.
If the steel plate can block the unknown rays, everything may still be within control.
But if even the steel plate cannot block this ray, then classical physics will inevitably usher in a major earthquake.
Although as a path pioneer, Faraday had relevant awareness, but on the other hand, his age was at issue here.
It is undoubtedly a cruel thing for a scientist to discover a certain phenomenon late in his life journey and be unable to study it.
With this idea in mind.
Faraday placed the steel plate at the anode.
A few seconds later.
Suddenly, Gaussian's voice came to his ears, which was much higher in decibels than before:
"Michael, look, the light spot is gone!"
Faraday quickly turned his head and looked towards the film.
as expected.
At this time, there is no light spot on the film!
See this situation.
Faraday relaxed his shoulders with relief and put the steel plate back on the table.
so far so good.
This ray still only shook the small foundation stone, so it would not cause the building to suddenly overturn.
Looking at Faraday who kept caressing his chest, an idea suddenly came to Xu Yun's mind:
Do you want to go up there for something more exciting?
For example, let's learn from Wheat and let X-rays penetrate the steel plate by accident?
After all, for most X-rays.
Voltage determines its maximum energy, and current determines its intensity.
Therefore, it is not surprising that X-rays can penetrate steel plates as long as the conditions are right.
In later generations, there are related tables and calculation formulas for this aspect, which are conceptually called the penetration depth of X-rays.
Although there are many high-density alloys that can block X-rays, ordinary steel plates in 1850...
Of course.
Seeing this, some students may ask.
its not right.
In this case, why don't the steel plates on both sides of the security inspection machine pass through the radiation?
the reason is simple.
Because the X-rays of the security inspection machine will pass through a lead slit and a vertical sector tangential channel after being emitted from the generator.
Except for the cut surface, everything else is package scattering, and the dose is not large.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! At the same time, in addition to the steel plate, the side of the security inspection machine also has a layer of 2mm lead plate, which can effectively prevent the leakage of X-rays.
By the way.
The curtain-like thing at the front of the security inspection machine is called a lead curtain, which is also a barrier against rays.
Although there are not many X-rays leaked near the lead curtain, there is a certain accumulation of X-rays - that is, the accumulation of radionuclides in the body.
Therefore, if you are a friend who travels frequently, try not to reach out to pick up the package as soon as it comes out of the lead curtain. It is not too late to pick it up after the package comes out of the aisle.
Okay, let’s return our sight to its original position.
Although he was a little restless in his heart, looking at the expressions of Faraday and Gauss Weber at this time, Xu Yun finally suppressed the idea of reviving his life.
Faraday then tried other metals and finally determined the penetration limit of unknown rays:
3 mm thin aluminum plate.
Compared with the earlier steel plates, thin aluminum plates are obviously more acceptable.
Then Faraday looked at the thin aluminum plate in his hand and pondered for a moment, turned around and said to Kirchhoff:
"Gustave, go and buy two live fish now."
Kirchhoff was slightly startled, then nodded in understanding:
"Oh, I see."
After saying that, he turned around and left.
But as soon as he opened his legs, Faraday stopped him:
"Wait a minute, I haven't finished yet. Don't buy fish at the fish stall."
Kirchhoff stopped, turned his head, and looked at Faraday blankly:
"Professor Faraday, what do you mean...?"
Faraday raised his chin toward the window and said:
"All the live fish at the fish stall have been bought by fishing guys. Go and look for them carefully by the Jian River. When you stare at the fisherman with dark skin, a bitter look on his face, and a lot of fishing gear, go up and ask.
, you are guaranteed to buy some good fish.”
Kirchhoff then suddenly realized:
"I understand, Professor Faraday."
After Kirchhoff leaves.
After conducting experiments all morning, Faraday and others sat back on the sofa and silently recalled Blue.
that's all.
About half an hour passed.
Kirchhoff carried the bamboo basket and returned to the laboratory with two lively fish:
"Professor Faraday, as you expected, I bought the fish back."
"Thank you, Gustave."
Faraday nodded to him, took the bamboo basket with gloves on, and took out a fresh river eel.
Then he and Gauss each carried the fish head and the other the fish tail, placed it on the film, and fixed it.
I also took out a few more vacuum tubes and formed a row of horizontal irradiation modules on the operating table.
Seeing this scene, Xu Yun silently gave a thumbs up in his heart.
in the original history.
When Roentgen verified the effect of X-ray imaging, the 'tool' he used was his wife's hand:
He tied the palm of his wife's hand to the film with tape and exposed it to X-rays for a full 15 minutes.
be honest.
Without discussing gender issues, this behavior itself is actually very dangerous and absolutely undesirable.
Because X-rays are very harmful to the human body.
In the professional field, its harm to the human body is roughly divided into two categories.
One is the "deterministic effect" and the other is called the "random effect".
The so-called definite effect refers to the damage caused to the human body by being exposed to X-rays for a certain period of time and accumulating to a certain amount.
The random effect is regardless of the accumulated amount of X-rays, and is related to personal physique.
That is to say, as long as it is exposed to X-rays, the damage caused to the human body is called a random effect.
Definite effects are generally like radioactive cataracts, skin white spots caused by rays, infertility caused by long-term exposure, etc.
fantuantanshu.
Stochastic effects generally occur only in people with constitutions that are sensitive to X-rays, and the damage caused is usually tumors, genetic mutations, etc.
The dose of medical X-rays in later generations is generally not large. A chest X-ray is only about 20μSv, and the natural background radiation dose received by each person every year is about 2mSv.
But if you are exposed to X-rays for 15 minutes, it is still one meter away, which is another concept.
Later, Roentgen's wife Anna Beluta Ludwig suffered from various skin diseases for the rest of her life, and finally died in 1919. Many people also believe that this was related to Roentgen's experiment.
However, in this timeline, because Mavericks proposed wave-particle duality in advance, Faraday and others had some understanding of the particle nature of light:
Particle flow naturally has energy.
High-level particle flow passing through the body is not harmful, at least it is not a good thing.
Therefore, this time, Faraday and Gauss did not conduct phenomena experiments themselves.
This also saved Xu Yun some energy - originally he was still struggling with what excuse he would find to stop them if Faraday touched X-rays himself.
It's easy now.
It saves a lot of talk, and also avoids exposing one's flaws due to improper excuses made up on the fly.
at the same time.
the other side.
Faraday and Gauss focused all their attention on the eel in their hands, pressing it hard to keep it still.
About ten minutes passed.
Gauss, who had been paying attention to the film, suddenly raised his eyebrows, looked at the edge where the film was in contact with the fish body, and said:
"Michael, look, the film has changed!"
Since the fish body and the film were tightly stuck together, Faraday could not see the specific situation on the film and said:
"Just to be on the safe side, wait ten more minutes."
The dying eel: "?!"
After a while.
Faraday estimated that time was almost up and said to Weber and Gauss:
"Edward, turn off the power, Friedrich, let's move the fish."
Weber and Gauss nodded in unison:
"good!"
Then Faraday and Gauss threw the eel directly to the ground and eagerly picked up the film.
The result was just a quick sweep, and Faraday couldn't help but exclaimed:
"God, this...this...what is this?"
Hear this.
Be it Weber or Kirchhoff and Riemann who are in charge of the atmosphere group.
Everyone, including Xu Yun, quickly walked to Faraday's side.
I only see this moment.
On the negative in Faraday's hand, there is a picture...
Black and white image of fish bones!
The length of the fish bone is about forty centimeters, covering the head, breast and part of the belly.
You can't see the fish's internal organs clearly on the film, but you can see all the large and small fish bones in the eel's body!