Chapter 446: There was a thunder on the ground, Dr. Xu made his debut (Part 2)
"..."
Hearing what Witten said.
Xu Yun's right hand hanging by his side clenched his fist slightly, and he breathed a sigh of relief in his heart.
Is there a specific idea for discovering probabilistic orbits...
This is a relatively simple question, and it is also the direction Xu Yun is currently most confident about.
After all, this is the foundation of foundations. Academician Pan and the others had asked Xu Yun about this at the beginning - this was not something that could be done casually.
Without a proper logic, Xu Yun would have exposed his chicken feet a few months ago.
Then Xu Yun thought for a while, took a deep breath, and said:
"Mr. Witten, it's like this. The original cause of the whole thing can be traced back to more than a year ago."
"Lao...well, Academician Pan introduced me just now. I am currently studying for a PhD in biology and am about to graduate with a master's degree in physics."
"The topic I worked on during my master's degree was the impact of energy levels generated under the strong interaction of Σ hyperons."
Hear this.
Witten and many of the elders present subconsciously nodded in cooperation.
Σ hyperon.
This is one of the more mainstream hyperons at present, with a lifespan of 0.15 nanoseconds and a mass slightly heavier than ordinary hyperons.
It involves some theoretical areas of quantum chromodynamics, which is currently a lively topic.
Of course.
The liveliness here is also relatively speaking.
The Σ hyperon topics that most people are exposed to are in the doctoral category. Being able to conduct research as a master shows that Xu Yun's ability is not weak.
Then Xu Yun paused and continued:
"It was an afternoon a few months ago. At that time, I was compiling the cascade decay data of Σ hyperons in the library, and suddenly I discovered a relatively special phase orbit trace, which was somewhat different from the Σ hyperons in eigenstates."
"By the way, the provider of this data is the Yanjing Spectrometer III Cooperation Group, d/10.1038/s-022-04624-1."
This time.
Several Chinese scholars in the audience had smiles on their faces.
They are all members of the Yanjing Spectrometer III cooperation team invited this time. Although there is no academician to lead the team, they have produced many extremely high-quality results in recent years.
For example, the data mentioned by Xu Yun.
In June last year, they used the quantum correlation of positron and antihyperon pairs produced by the collision of electrons and positrons to analyze some of the properties of parity and charge parity breaking in decay.
This is also the most accurate measurement result in the world.
Relying on this achievement, domestic particle physics has made many breakthroughs in the past four months - this is true, but some papers are still under review and it is estimated that it will take some time to be published.
Then Xu Yun looked at Witten and found that the other party did not interrupt his thoughts, so he said the rest of his words in one go:
"Later, I used the auroral system of the Academy of Sciences for analysis and found that it was somewhat similar to the 4685Λ hyperon observed by Academician Zhao not long ago."
"So I optimized the orbit formula and simulated it, replacing the Σ hyperon with the decay parameter of the Λ hyperon. Finally, I found that F=1, which means there should be a new particle on the corresponding probability orbit."
"..."
When Witten in front of the stage heard this, he thought about it for a few seconds with his eyes slanted upward, and then said softly:
"Oh, I think I understand."
"Dr. Xu, you considered the discrete-time finite state Markov chain, used a unique state to define the transition probability of each step, and created a σ domain generated by a finite column set. Is this what you mean?"
Xu Yun:
"?????"
At this moment.
There was only one thought in his mind:
It must be a rush for Witten to write a novel!
Because this guy summed up the content of 4,000 words in one sentence... I was wrong, it summarized Xu Yun's original thinking!
No wonder many people now insist that Witten is just a mathematician, and his mathematical reactions are so sharp.
Actually.
This is not the first time that Witten has shown off its skills.
As we all know.
In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, there is an equation called the Boltzmann equation.
This is a partial differential equation describing the statistical behavior of a thermodynamic system, proposed in 1872.
But not until 2010.
This equation was only proved by two professors at the University of Pennsylvania, Philip T. Gressmarain, that his solution is well-behaved.
At that time, the University of Pennsylvania compiled a more than 120-page paper and posted it on a preprint website. It was expected that most people would take three to five days to read it.
As a result, 49 minutes after the paper was released, Witten corrected a small error in the sofic group on his personal social media.
It was not until four days later that the mathematical community officially confirmed that there was indeed a problem with what Witten pointed out.
Fortunately, this error had little to do with the final result, so two weeks later Penn published a new article, which was the final paper confirming the Boltzmann equation.
Compared to today's show off, the difficulty that time was a bit higher.
Then Witten thought for a while and asked Xu Yun:
"Dr. Xu, when you are calculating this probability orbit formula, what is the spin of the final state of the two-photon? 2 or 3/2?"
Xu Yun didn't hesitate much and said affirmatively:
"It's 2."
"What about the expected bad?"
Xu Yun thought for a little longer this time, and he used his index finger to draw a curve with high left and low right in the air:
"It was in the early days of 3.2fb^-1. I can't remember clearly whether it was 3.224 or 3.226 in the end."
Witten suddenly closed his eyes.
In fact, don't look at what Witten said before, which was quite mysterious, including Pluto and Neptune.
In fact, it is not difficult to see from the expression on Academician Pan's face after Witten interrupted him that he was not very sure that the 'Pluto' particle really existed.
The reason why he stood up at this time was because he did find some problems in mathematics.
Secondly,...
During the previous data calculation process, a guess suddenly appeared in his mind.
A guess that made him willing to risk offending the Chinese Academy of Sciences in order to ‘trouble’ the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
A guess that was so outrageous that even with his current status, he dared not state it directly.
And now as Xu Yun said these words.
The confidence in Witten's heart has increased by two centimeters...
Just at this time.
On the screen behind Academician Pan, the probability orbit formula calculated by Xu Yun was also displayed, as well as some related data.
F(t):=N(t)//π).
N=) h?exp(-λ?t) ……h)].
y(xn 1)?y(xn)/h≈f.
After the formula appears.
Witten also quickly understood some of the inner meanings of the formula.
For example, the ":=" is a definition symbol, which means that the thing on the right is defined as the thing on the left.
That is, Xu Yun gave F(t) a physical meaning:
The probability that an atom is still alive (not decayed) at time t.
N=) h?exp(-λ?t) ...h)] This formula describes how many atoms are left at time t. Just compare the number of remaining atoms with the original total number of atoms, and then expand it to a smaller number.
Just put it on the particles.
at the same time that the formula appears.
Including Mr. Yang next to Witten, many elders at the scene picked up paper and pens and began to calculate the relevant data of flux values and exponential mapping generators.
True.
The human brain is inferior to machines in calculations of this magnitude, so the accuracy of their written calculations must be far lower than the results of sophisticated instruments and supercomputers.
But don't forget.
They don't actually need to calculate accurate values, but just need to confirm Witten's statement.
In other words, just analyze whether the two values are as Witten said, one is too large and the other is too small.
This way.
It will be much less difficult.
soon.
Swish swish——
There was a sound of fingertips scratching the paper.
Of course.
While many bosses were concentrating, the media and the audience in the live broadcast room were relatively tortured.
On the one hand, they were eager to know the accuracy of Witten's guess, but on the other hand, due to the direction, they could only watch the elders enjoying themselves.
Little-known troubles.jpg.
that's all.
About ten minutes passed.
Tehuft, who was also sitting in the front row and two seats away from Witten, was the first to stop writing.
Mentioned before.
Yang Lao, Tehuft, Glashow who is currently being rescued in the ICU, and Weinberg who passed away are internationally recognized as the four kings of modern physics.
Each of them has many fans who believe that they are the first person in physics today, and Lily is so often beaten that her brain almost breaks out.
And among these four people.
What Glashow and Weinberg are good at is physical intuition and taste, that is, divergent thinking, that is, wild but accurate guesses.
Mr. Yang is better at mathematical frameworks, which means introducing new mathematical concepts and methods to solve problems.
What Tehuft is good at is arithmetic, discovering problems and solving them through calculations and details.
This is very similar to his senior brother Pieter van Nieuwwen Heinzeng.
Therefore, compared to Mr. Yang, Tehuft's time to obtain results will naturally be faster.
Then another two minutes passed.
Mr. Yang let out a light sigh, held a ballpoint pen and drew a horizontal line under a certain result.
See this situation.
Tehuft could not help but whisper to Mr. Yang:
"Yang, what are the results of your calculations?"
Lao Yang did not keep the results secret. He gently pushed the calculation paper towards Tehuft:
"The flux value is about 30% larger, and the exponential mapping generator is an order of magnitude smaller. What about you?"
Tehuft glanced at Witten not far away:
"The specific value is slightly different from yours, but it can be regarded as a range - after all, we are not computers."
Mr. Yang nodded slightly, and there was a rare trace of curiosity on his face that was a little sluggish after sitting for several hours.
Mr. Yang himself and Tehuft are both top executives in the industry. During the years when they were active, let alone supercomputing, the functions of ordinary computers were still relatively limited.
Therefore, in terms of computing skills, they can definitely beat today's few classmates.
If there is a problem with someone's results, there may also be some calculation errors.
So when two people have the same result and both are in an approximate range, the possibility is very low.
In other words...
Most of the flux values and exponential mapping generators are indeed abnormal, one is too large and the other is too small. Witten's judgment is correct.
However, these two sets of data were able to discover dark matter even though they did not conform to the theoretical values...
At this moment.
Lu Chaoyang, who also calculated the result, suddenly had a story in his mind.
That is a certain chapter in "The Legend of the Cervical Spine, which has been serialized for 28 years and is still a first-grade elementary school student". Its animated version is also one of the childhood shadows of many people:
At that time, the Shinigami elementary school student and several classmates went to take pictures. When they got on the elevator, they suddenly found that the elevator should not be overloaded in the first place, and suddenly an overload warning came out.
But there is no problem with the elevator's sensing device itself, so the problem is naturally the elevator itself - later Conan and others found a corpse lying on the top of the elevator, and the corpse became the invisible overloaded person...
And how similar is the current result to the plot of Death's Elementary School Student?
Dark matter actually exists, but the flux value and exponential mapping generator show "overload"...
Then there may really be an invisible 'overloaded passenger' in a certain track.
But the problem is...
How can we find this passenger?
Academician Pan was obviously aware of this problem, so after most of the participants put down their pens, he couldn't help but look at Witten:
"Mr. Witten, since you believe that there is an unknown particle surrounding the Pangu particle, do you have any practical ideas to prove its existence?"
Academician Pan’s words actually have another meaning:
Today is a physics conference. Mathematics can be used to prove or disprove, but if it is used to prove, other more powerful evidence is needed.
Just considering that Witten has been criticized a lot over the years because of its M theory, Academician Pan was still very proud of it and did not fully clarify it.
However, as an elder with a top-notch IQ, Witten naturally understands the potential significance of Academician Pan.
So he nodded quickly:
"Yes, but I need a little help."
"Please say."
"First of all, you need paper, pen, and an operating system with an English interface that can calculate probability matrices."
Academician Pan waited for a few seconds after hearing this. After hearing Hou Xingyuan's answer, he nodded:
"no problem."
Although the emergence of Witten disrupted the original plan of the Academy of Sciences, the content he involved did not have much to do with the results of dark matter...or it would not affect the status of dark matter at all.
Even if it ultimately proves to be a failure, it will not be the Academy of Sciences that is embarrassed.
And if Witten's proof can be successful, he will rely entirely on data from the Academy of Sciences.
At that time, it may lose a little bit of popularity to Witten, but the benefits to the Academy of Sciences will only be greater.
This is a business that is guaranteed to make a profit, so Hou Xingyuan naturally does not have such a big burden.
As for Witten’s request...
It is indeed not very high, let alone pen and paper. At present, most domestic operating systems have the function of switching between Chinese and English.
It only takes about ten minutes at most to prepare the resources Witten needs.
The result was just when Academician Pan was about to watch the show with his arms folded.
Witten suddenly thought of something again and patted his head lightly:
"By the way, Mr. Pan, I have one more request."
"any request?"
Witten turned around and pointed at Xu Yun, who was still standing:
"I want Dr. Xu to give me a try. After all...he is the discoverer of the Pangu particle orbit."
....
Note:
The free extra has been released. On the WeChat public account, you can search for 'newbie fisherman' for free (I would like to emphasize again that this is the beginning of a new book written a few months ago. It is sent out as a Spring Festival benefit, not to cut the book or open it in two parts.
The elderly at home are in such a situation that it would be very difficult for me to do it alone...)