Chapter 451 Mr. Yang: It doesnt matter, I will take action
"...."
Although I was filled with emotions at this time and my emotions were extremely complicated.
But as a scientific researcher with an extremely rational personality, Xu Yun still retains some clarity in his mind.
So he knew it very well.
Now is not the time to express gratitude or express emotions. Physics enthusiasts around the world are paying attention to the situation here.
Even the most complicated emotions can only be expressed on stage.
His top priority now is not the love between his children, but to demonstrate his abilities as much as possible and not let Zhou Shaoping's good intentions go to waste.
Think of this.
Xu Yun couldn't help but take a deep breath and cast a grateful look at Zhou Shaoping.
Immediately, the whole person's expression returned to its original calmness.
As if nothing had happened, he looked like a student asking for advice, and asked Zhou Shaoping:
"Academician Zhou, do you think my plan is feasible?"
Zhou Shaoping thought for a moment and nodded:
"feasible."
Zhou Shaoping's words were not polite, Xu Yun's idea really surprised and surprised him.
Actually.
When Xu Yun was first named as his assistant, Zhou Shaoping did have some idea of setting up a stage for Xu Yun, but this idea was not strong at first.
After all, the prerequisite for setting up the stage is that Xu Yun has real talent and learning, or that he has demonstrated real talent and learning on a certain issue.
Otherwise, wouldn't it be the same as trying to boast about your acting skills without having any acting skills, or even making false attendance figures to boost tickets?
If that is the case.
Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping... and even the entire Chinese scientific community will become a laughing stock.
It is true that Zhou Shaoping is willing to make spring mud, but it does not mean that he will do something stupid.
Therefore, at the beginning, he just wanted to wait and see if there was any opportunity to set up a stage for Xu Yun.
Later, the part that included the pseudo-scalar jam was a real situation he encountered, not a pretense.
The result was unexpected...
Xu Yun's thinking was so quick, and he came up with a very sophisticated calculation direction within a few minutes.
In addition, Zhou Shaoping made such a temporary decision based on his previous cooperation experience in the Jinping Deep Laboratory.
That is to say, the 'cause' of Xu Yun's genuine ability was the 'effect' of Zhou Shaoping's choice.
Therefore, Zhou Shaoping did agree with Xu Yun's ideas.
After Zhou Shaoping made his decision.
Xu Yun no longer hesitated and began to calculate the matrix elements of the rotation operator around the y-axis.
This is actually not an easy job.
The rotation matrix, like the Fermi surface, is also a tool covering many fields.
For example, shader... that is, there are rotation matrices in the programming field, but the rotation matrix of shader is very easy.
Just do the sine and cosine expansion through the sine and cosine relationship, then make it into a matrix multiplication format, and then use three vector dot products as the orthogonal basis.
But when it comes to particle physics...
This matter is more complicated.
Because it involves the regular quantization category of real scalar fields.
As we all know.
For a classic mechanical system composed of n particles, its generalized coordinates can be defined as qi (i=1,2,...,N).
Where N=3n is the dimension of the generalized coordinate space.
At this time.
The Laplace function of the system is defined as:
L=L(qi,q˙i)......, this formula is marked as 1.
For the field Ψ, its Laplace density function L can be defined as:
L=L(Ψ,?μΨ)...marked as 2.
And the Laplace density function L is a scalar, where the field Ψ can be a scalar, spinor, vector or tensor.
Therefore, in curved space-time, the Lagrangian density of general material fields (except gravitational fields) should be written as:
L=L(Ψ,?μΨ)...marked as 3.
For microscopic systems, gravity generally does not need to be considered, so we only care about equation 2.
The Laplace function of the field obtained from Equation 2 is:
L=∫L(Ψ,?μΨ)d3x
=∫L(Ψ,?Ψ,1c?tΨ)d3x
=∫L(Ψ,1cΨ˙)d3x.....Mark it as 4.
That's right.
See here.
Presumably many students have already understood it.
The meaning of this formula is very clear:
It can be understood as dividing the space into small square boxes with a volume of dv, where the average value of the field of the small square box numbered i is Ψi, and let qi=Ψidv,
Then equation (4) can be written in the form of equation (1):
L=L(qi,q˙i).
This way.
The physical meaning of the field quantity Ψ is equivalent to the generalized coordinates in equation (1), that is, only after a system has been constructed can subsequent calculations be formally carried out.
It's still very simple and easy to understand.
Swish swish——
This time Xu Yun's derivation process did not rely on a computer, but performed calculations by hand.
After all, handwriting is often easier to get into than the keyboard.
What's more, although Dirichlet is only ranked in the early 20s in the history of mathematics, his calculation ability can enter the top ten:
In the original Night of Pluto, Dirichlet was responsible for calculating the meridional deviation value. (Why did someone say yesterday that Xu Yun had never seen Dirichlet... stick your head over and I will give you a buff)
So at this moment.
Xu Yun can be said to be a real "god" in writing.
"The canonical momentum corresponding to qi is pi=?L?q˙i...So the canonical momentum density can be defined as π(r,t)=?L?(?tΨ)..."
"So the Hamiltonian of the system is H=∫(π(r,t)?tΨ?L)d3x...."
"Considering 'Pluto' particles as similar to particles, for fields, their operators have the following basic commutation relationship, [π^(r,t),φ^(r′,t)]=?i?
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! "Therefore, the Laplace density function of its free real scalar field φ is L=?12ημν?μφ?νφ?12m2c2?2φ2=12c2?tφ2?12(?φ)2
?12m2c2?2φ2...."
Lines of formulas were written down by Xu Yun.
Opposite him, Zhou Shaoping was not idle either, and took the initiative to work on the spin angular momentum operator, its commutation relationship, and the Pauli matrix.
"[s^i,s^j]=i?ij ks^k..."
"Let {s^ =s^x is^ys^?=s^x?is^y..."
"Then we get: [s^ ,s^?]=(s^x is^y)(s^x?is^y)?(s^x?is^y)(s^x is^y)=i
The sound of the fingertips touching the calculation paper was unexpectedly melodious at this moment, as if a symphony with a special melody was playing.
After previously deciding to calculate separately.
David Gross, Polyakov, Nima, Higgs, Tehuft and others also called on assistants and helpers to form a calculation team.
Each team consists of at least two people, and as many as three. Higgs' team consists of four people.
The calculation content of each team is consistent, that is, multiple teams perform calculations together, and finally compare the results to avoid errors affecting the calculation.
At the same time, in order to facilitate the viewing of the audience, several major live broadcast platforms also thoughtfully provide the live broadcast perspectives of the corresponding groups.
This kind of thing will be very common in 2023.
For example, games will have player perspectives, sports games will have multiple cameras, etc...
In a basketball game on a certain news platform, there is even a drinking fountain perspective, which can be described as murderous.
And among these major perspectives.
As the computing team representing the host, Zhou Shaoping and Xu Yun received the most attention.
At present, the popularity of Zhou Shaoping's group is much higher than that of Tehuft and others. Even the protagonist Witten is not as popular as him. It is a well-deserved popular perspective.
The high level of attention, in turn, prompted cameramen to focus on Zhou Shaoping and Xu Yun.
For example, right now.
The backstage of the live broadcast deliberately divided the scenes of Xu Yun and the others into two groups of detailed shots.
One group is relatively normal, including images of the area where Xu Yun and the two are sitting, which is the standard frontal image that everyone knows.
To use a specific example to describe it, it is similar to the scene in the news network where the host is sorting out the speech notes after finishing the broadcast.
The other group is more special - it is a telephoto picture.
The camera is located above the heads of Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping, and what is captured on the screen is the contents of the calculation manuscript paper of Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping.
It is through this lens that the audience can understand Xu Yun's calculation ideas and progress.
While Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping were calculating the data.
There are also a large number of barrages floating in the major live broadcast rooms, which look very lively:
【Oops, my eyes are blind!】
[Who can tell me this thing...is it so scary for anyone who does physics? 】
[I feel like there is a callus on the knuckle of Dr. Xu’s right index finger. Could it be that it was left behind by long-term dancing with guns and sticks...]
[I have a question, is the density function calculated wrong? Why? tφ=c2π?]
[The previous one is correct, boundary conditions must be used here, Dr. Xu simplified it]
【Search for Oatmeal Roast Fish House No. 5 Branch......】
【Cpdd!】
All kinds of chats, complaints and barrages of academic exchanges filled the major live broadcast rooms.
At the same time, various updates are constantly being posted on major social media.
More than 90% of the contents of these updates are complaints about not being able to understand the calculation process, which is like a bible.
There are also a small number of civil scientists who are saying that physics does not exist, taking the opportunity to promote that they have overturned the theory of relativity, and hope that someone can fund the printing of their works.
In addition, there are some people who, like Liner Lab before, are competing with Xu Yun and others with a competitive spirit.
For example, a blogger whose nickname is Dongfang Xile and whose certification information is ‘researcher of the High Energy Physics Research Group of the National Science Base’ quickly posted a message:
[(horror emoticon) Oh my god... I took a look at the live broadcast. Judging from the current progress, the derivation speed of Academician Zhou and Dr. Xu's group seems to be a little faster than Gross's group...
.]
I don’t know if certain keywords were triggered.
This Weibo post was quickly posted on the home page of the square and received a lot of exposure.
Less than two minutes.
The number of comments on Weibo exceeded 100.
Among them, the most popular comment is nicknamed [Promise to Be King], and its content is very simple:
【real or fake?】.
There are only two floors of replies under this comment, and it ranks first mainly because I commented early.
But the second most popular floor is different.
The comment account on the second floor is also a big V. The certification label is a graduate student in the Department of Physics of Harbin Institute of Technology, and the nickname is wink:
[Academician Zhou’s progress is faster than Gross’s group, but the starting directions of the two groups are different. Although Academician Zhou and the others are temporarily ahead, how to meet the conditions of continuous and bounded single values is a big problem, at least for me
After discussing it with several senior brothers, no one could think of a suitable solution.】
There are more replies in this thread, and they are basically professionals or physics enthusiasts who are concerned about this matter.
In just a few minutes, everyone discussed more than 40 floors.
However, the plans that everyone came up with, including blogger Dongfang Xile, were rejected one after another.
Then another ten minutes passed.
Wink suddenly posted an independent update on his personal page:
[Damn it, now that you have gained experience, can you still answer it from a specific wave number? 】
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Wink is also a niche blogger with a lot of active fans on his account.
So soon, a fan left a message:
[Da W, does that mean that Dr. Xu Yun is indeed very powerful? 】
Ten seconds later.
Dongfang Xile and Wink, who followed the news, sent replies one after another:
[It is indeed very powerful, much stronger than me]
[..... It's the ultimate strength. I don't know how my brain grows. Maybe there are cheats to please God (laughing). Anyway, you can look forward to it in the future. This guy is so scary! 】
At this moment.
As the live broadcast continued, some similar comments began to appear in every corner of the Internet.
The more insiders are in the industry, the more they understand the strength Xu Yun has shown this time - except for the jealous and sour guy.
all in all.
In this way, a subtle image of a top student slowly formed in some people's minds.
Even in individual dynamics.
Some people have begun to interpret Xu Yun's status as a fledgling as a result of being immersed in academia and being isolated from the social circle, praising that this is the spirit of scientific research.
There are also some more troublesome bragging groups, and some members of the sand sculpture group even play the Dragon Ball meme of "Let's raise our hands high and lend our strength to Xu Yun."
Of course.
This kind of meme means a little more, but at least it is emotionally friendly.
This is the advantage of the Internet era.
After an image begins to be established, even if it is not so three-dimensional in the initial stage, it can become some foreshadowing in the future.
Of course.
At this time, Xu Yun did not understand these comments on the Internet.
Now, after making smooth progress for a while, he and Zhou Shaoping finally encountered the biggest challenge they had faced today.
As we all know.
Compared with classical mechanics, particle physics has one very obvious feature:
Particle physics transforms mechanical quantities into operators and treats mechanical quantities as operators.
Therefore, after calculating the Rascal density.
Xu Yun and the others must convert the canonical momentum density and field quantities into operators respectively before they can proceed to the next step.
"..."
On the desk.
Looking at the calculation paper in front of him, Zhou Shaoping was silent for a moment and said to Xu Yun:
"Xiao Xu, do you have any ideas?"
Xu Yun quickly wrote half a line of formulas on the paper. He paused with the pen tip, turned back and drew a line along the waist of the formula, and shook his head at the same time:
".....Not yet, how about you?"
Zhou Shaoping also shook his head.
Seeing this, Xu Yun looked at Zhou Shaoping calmly.
I found that the well-known academician's expression was very serious at this time, and he didn't seem to be deliberately pretending.
Actually.
At this point, there is no need for Zhou Shaoping to deliberately create opportunities for Xu Yun. A similar incident is enough once.
Then he looked at David Gross and Polyakov. Their pen tips did not stop.
Xu Yun saw several plural C characters on their manuscript paper, which means that the entry point of these two big team teams is the limited-angle vector rotation model.
See this situation.
A trace of hesitation flashed in Xu Yun's eyes.
In the previous calculation process, he had actually considered this direction.
After all, in terms of difficulty, vector rotation with a limited angle is easier than designing a matrix element with a rotation operator around the y-axis.
but......
For some reason, Xu Yun always felt that there seemed to be some unexplainable problems in this direction.
In addition, he is still possessed by Dirichlet's thinking card at this time, and his field of vision is not only comparable to that of Gaussian Wheat, but at least higher than that of David Gross and others:
The rankings of David Gross and Polyakov in modern physics are probably between 5 and 8, which are above the Nobel Prize, but they are not particularly high in the entire history of physics.
If they did not make too dazzling breakthroughs before their death, their ranking in the history of physics would probably be between 60 and 80, which is Landau's 1.5-2 level.
Xu Yun finally chose to give up vector rotation at a limited angle due to his own premonition and the vision given by Dirichlet.
But the current operatorization really stumps Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping.
If this problem is not solved, everything that follows will be empty talk.
Considering that verbal communication may give some little black men the opportunity to undermine the morale of the live broadcast, Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping mainly relied on written language to communicate in the following period.
Basically, if one party writes down a few formulas, the other party can quickly understand them.
"..."
More than ten minutes later.
Xu Yun shook his head at Zhou Shaoping again and sighed secretly.
This was already the fifth time that the two of them had rejected the plan. Whether it was Xu Yun's method or Zhou Shaoping's inspiration, the problem was quickly discovered.
Think of this.
Xu Yun's brows furrowed even more.
Mentioned before.
The 'Pluto' particle does not belong to the known subatomic particles, so the process of calculating its operator is not so much 'calculation' as it is 'customization'.
That is to say, many steps cannot refer to known models, and the difficulty is much more difficult than the operatorization of ordinary particles.
Even with the blessing of Dirichlet's vision, Xu Yun was still in a bit of trouble at this time.
Just when Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping were feeling a little anxious.
A weak voice suddenly sounded from behind Xu Yun:
"Xiao Xu, try to make a specific wave number K, treat the field quantity as a wave function instead of a coordinate operator, and try to calculate its general solution."
Do not know why.
When he heard this sound, Xu Yun subconsciously thought of Mr. Wang from Jinping Laboratory at that time.
Then he turned his head curiously, wanting to see who the other party was.
After seeing this person's face clearly, Xu Yun stood up from his seat with a "whoosh" and said in surprise:
"Mr. Yang?! Why are you here?"
That's right.
The person standing behind Xu Yun who spoke out was Mr. Yang who had not spoken much today!
At this time, Mr. Yang's face was still a little sluggish, but perhaps because he had rested in his seat for a while, his energy level was much better than before.
Seeing Xu Yun looking at him in surprise, Mr. Yang smiled and stretched out his right hand and pressed down:
"After resting for a while, I feel better. Xiao Xu, please go back to your seat first and see if my plan can be used. We have limited time."
After hearing what Mr. Yang said, Xu Yun quickly recovered from his previous surprise.
He quickly pulled a chair from beside him for Mr. Yang to sit down, and then sat back down himself.
Although there is a lot to say in my heart, it is obviously not a good time to chat now.
There was a hint of hesitation in Mr. Yang's tone, and it could be seen that he was not so sure about his idea due to his energy.
Then Xu Yun took a deep breath, forced himself to calm down, and quickly calculated on paper.
The eigenstate equation of the Hamiltonian operator previously calculated by Xu Yun is as follows:
H^=∑k(c2/2(?i???φk)2 wk2c2φk2/2)
It can be clearly seen here that the identity of the field quantity φk is a generalized coordinate operator.
This operator and the subsequent spin variable σ have obvious abnormal intervals φk2 and an i, and the two cannot be connected through transformation.
But if you think of it as a wave function...
Mentioned before.
The wave function is a complex number, and complex numbers can have imaginary parts.
The reason why the probability equation of particle orbit cannot use the imaginary part is because the mass may be negative, but the operatorization process does not need to take this into account.
seem.....
Is it really possible?
Think of this.
Xu Yun's writing speed suddenly became much faster.
"H=∫(c2/2π(r,t)2?12c2φ?t?tφ)d3r..."
"??2?t?tφ=Ek2φ,Ek2=?2k2c2 m2c^4..."
"The wave number k is the reciprocal of the wavelength, that is, k=2πλ, which satisfies the energy relationship of the theory of relativity, so?t?tφk=?wk2φk."
"At the same time, for the free field, the energy density corresponding to the wave number k is uniform..."
And the other side.
Zhou Shaoping is also doing the same calculation.
swish swish——
Looking at Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping who were calculating, Mr. Yang's expression also looked a little serious.
In the first hour of the calculation, Mr. Yang had been practicing in his seat and really had no energy to pay attention to the whole process.
When he woke up, Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping had already decided on the plan for the matrix element of the rotation operator around the y-axis.
One of the foundations of this plan is Lao Yang's Yang Mills field, so Lao Yang realized that they might encounter problems when Xu Yun calculated the Hamiltonian eigenstate equation.
Although I don't know why Xu Yun didn't choose a simpler vector rotation with a limited angle, it was too late to turn around at this time, so Yang Lao steeled himself and began to think about a solution.
Relying on his solid foundation in physics, Mr. Yang really thought of a plan, but he was only 60-70% sure - for an elder who is over a hundred years old and has listened to several hours of lectures, this is not a solution.
This is already a very exaggerated value.
More than ten minutes passed.
Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping put down their pens at the same time.
Zhou Shaoping first looked at Mr. Yang, and then asked Xu Yun:
"Xiao Xu, what's your result?"
Xu Yun moved the pen away and pushed the calculation paper in front of Zhou Shaoping.
Zhou Shaoping glanced at it for a few times and suddenly pushed his calculation paper forward.
Swish——
The two pieces of math paper were butted together head to head.
As you can see through the lens above, the same general explanation is written on both pieces of paper: