Looking at the big, lively rooster in front of him, Xu Yun's expression suddenly became a little inexplicable.
As we all know.
On August 6th and 9th, 1945.
Neon people who are rich in craftsman spirit have verified an irrefutable truth with their lives:
In the central area of the nuclear explosion, there is no life... To be precise, animals can survive smoothly.
For this they paid the price that Hiroshima and Nagasaki still have no century-old stores, which is tearful.JPG.
After being auxiliaryly verified by the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear leakage accidents, this principle has become an iron rule - unless you are a legendary sports student.
Although the amount of radiation from the nuclear bomb in this experiment was not large, as the distance increased, the magnitude of the radiation rays was still very considerable.
In other words...
This chicken is probably the first animal in human history to survive the radiation of a close-range nuclear explosion.
And judging from its current blood test results, this chicken is probably not the kind that will suddenly belch after a while...
And just as Xu Yun was thinking.
Lu Guangda's voice suddenly sounded in his ears:
"Xiao Xu, what do you think? Is this chicken's condition common or rare?"
Xu Yun was stunned for a moment, but soon understood what Lu Guangda meant:
Lu Guangda was asking him if there were any relevant theories or cases in later generations that could explain this phenomenon.
So he quickly shook his head and said:
"Director Lu, I'm not exaggerating...this is not an uncommon thing anymore."
"This kind of case is absolutely unique. It has not happened in the past and there is probably no chance of seeing it in the next few decades."
Hear this.
Lu Guangda's pupils suddenly shrank imperceptibly, and he blurted out:
"Xiao Xu, is it possible that you can't explain this phenomenon?"
Xu Yun shook his head. There is indeed no theory that can explain this situation in later generations.
Lu Guangda asked again:
"What about speculation?"
"It's a guess..."
Xu Yun frowned and thought for a few seconds, then said uncertainly:
"Guess I don't think so either... Um, wait?!"
silent.
Several memory fragments flashed through Xu Yun's mind. After a while, his eyes moved slightly:
"Director Lu, if you are referring to conjectures without clear theoretical support...I do have an explanation."
"What explanation?"
Xu Yun looked up at him and said slowly:
"The DNA in this chicken... contains a code similar to that of nuclear autotrophic bacteria, which can prevent the superoxide dismutase in the body from inactivating!"
Mentioned above.
In all nuclear explosion or nuclear leakage accident sites, humans have never found any animals alive.
But on the other hand.
In addition to animals, some microorganisms can survive exposure to large amounts of nuclear radiation.
For example, a research team from Stanford University and the University of North Carolina published a paper in which they found that a 1.7 mm thick layer of Cladosporium spores can block 2.17±0.35% of radiation, and at the same time can be used when only nuclear radiation is used as a
Proliferation in an energy environment, doi is doi/10.1101/2020.07.16.205534.
Among the samples tested at that time, only 32 of the 2.3 million base pairs of Cladosporium globus were mutated more than once—a ratio that can basically be said to be unaffected by radiation.
At the same time, at some nuclear leak sites where the physical shock wave and temperature are not very high, a few plants may survive successfully.
For example, photographer Bernard Hoffman across the sea discovered a living ginkgo tree two miles from the center of Hiroshima in 1945.
It is also the only surviving sample with photographic evidence from around Bakuxin.
The above type of microorganisms have a special name, called nuclear autotrophs.
They usually use melanin to absorb ionizing radiation and thrive. They are a relatively rare species of bacteria.
But it needs explanation.
This type of nuclear autotrophic bacteria cannot solve the problem of radiation by making radionuclides disappear faster. They can only use ionizing radiation and are better at withstanding ionizing radiation than human cells.
Just like people in Gan Province love spicy food more than people in Guangdong Province, but it is obviously a fantasy to expect people in Gan Province to eat all the chili peppers...
Using radiation to synthesize organisms to block ionizing radiation requires artificial cultivation and accumulation in large quantities. No one on earth has done this outside of a laboratory.
Of course.
The reason Xu Yun mentioned nuclear autotrophic bacteria was not because he believed that nuclear autotrophic bacteria existed in the chicken's body - in order for such a large chicken to withstand nuclear radiation without dying or mutating, at least half of it must be in the body.
The above space must be filled with those nuclear autotrophic bacteria.
Xu Yun's idea actually refers to...
In some of the DNA structures in this chicken, could there be underlying code that has the same logic as that of nuclear autotrophic bacteria?
This idea is not a wild idea, it is actually supported by a paper...or an event.
"Science" magazine published a paper in October 2008, DOI: 10.1126/science.115449.
In this paper.
The experimental group studied the radiosynthetic bacterium Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator and found two anomalies.
First, this synthetic bacterium can survive around uranium mines and produce free radicals by decomposing water molecules.
The free radicals then "attack" the surrounding rocks, producing sulfates with them.
The bacterium ultimately uses sulfate to synthesize ATP...aka adenosine triphosphate, the nucleotide responsible for cellular energy storage.
It was also the first time that humans discovered an ecosystem that could survive using nuclear energy.
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! As for the second anomaly...
It was Galante, the leader of the experiment, who introduced these bacteria into the bodies of mice, and ultimately found that the free radicals of these bacteria would combine with the MC65 cells in the mice, thus making the mice resistant to radiation to a certain extent.
At that time, Galante used 4,000 roentgens of light to illuminate 14 white mice that had been cultivated for a week for one minute. In the end, three mice survived successfully.
Even though the result of 14 and 3 seems a bit small, it is actually a very, very scary ratio.
after all....
That's 4,000 roentgens.
usually.
Except for medical testing, the upper limit of unnatural radiation that a person can withstand within a year is 1 roentgen. The amount of radiation we receive in a CT scan in the hospital is about 6-8 roentgens.
In an environment of 10,000 roentgens, a human body will die if exposed to light of 10,000 roentgens for one minute. However, three white mice survive when 4,000 roentgens of light are irradiated for one minute... The horror of this value is evident.
But unfortunately.
The three white mice all died half a month after the experiment was completed - not from radiation sickness, but from organ decay caused by bacterial infection.
The weird thing at the same time is...
Since then, there have been no papers related to the introduction of nuclear autotrophic bacteria into mice in Science.
Some people in the industry think that this research direction is meaningless. After all, there are already a lot of radiation protection methods in the future.
The core reason why nuclear autotrophic bacteria can be autotrophic is to decipher the DNA code, and then transferring it from mice to humans is a difficult process and involves ethical issues, so there are no research groups studying this direction.
But there are others who think differently.
They believe that various countries are secretly conducting relevant research, but the results have not been made public.
After all, nuclear fusion is the core energy source of the future. How can such an abnormal thing involving nuclear radiation not be taken seriously by the country?
Just like when Taylor and Ulam published their paper on the T-U configuration and it was included in it, this kind of critical research will definitely not be made public.
At the same time, the situation of Galante, the publisher of the paper, is also regarded as evidence by those who hold the second view:
Galante was a well-known biologist before publishing his paper. At that time, his H factor was as high as 87, which was 10 higher than Xu Yun's teacher Tian Zhigang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In the ten years after publishing his paper, Galante published only 7 insignificant papers, and the H factor only increased by 1 point.
To know.
The H factor is the same as the concept of eight and nine sections in Go. It is a situation where it will not be degraded until death. It can only increase but not decrease.
Therefore, even if you beat a 58-year-old ninth-dan lady in Go, it can still be regarded as your peak performance.
In other words.
After Galante published that paper, his entire development trajectory was somewhat cut in half.
This is obviously something wrong.
After all, Galante's resources and status are there. He may not be able to produce any outstanding results in ten years, but he will not be forgotten by everyone anyway.
Just like an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, no matter what, it is impossible to be as ordinary as an ordinary professor...
Therefore, in the later life when Xu Yun traveled through time.
There are more people holding the second view than the first, including Xu Yun himself.
After all, this matter has nothing to do with conspiracy theories, and there are indeed many doubts about it.
But now...Xu Yun thought of this possibility.
If for some reason this chicken has the coding logic of nuclear autotrophic bacteria in its body and there is no risk of infection...
So it seems that there is still some possibility for the "chicken body" to survive when the physical shock wave is blocked and the temperature is not particularly high.
"DNA encoding..."
Hearing Xu Yun's explanation, Lu Guangda couldn't help but frowned:
"Xiao Han, if I remember correctly, wasn't the DNA code deciphered a few years ago? It seems to be called a triplet base, right?"
"Decipher?"
Xu Yun looked up at Lu Guangda and shook his head mysteriously:
"Director Lu, it's early."
The deciphering that Lu Guangda is talking about refers to the triplet codon proposed by George Gamo eight years ago. After seeing the relevant papers in Nature Letter, this physicist proposed cross-professionally [in nucleotide sequences]
The conjecture that the four bases determine the composition of amino acids in proteins.
He speculated that if one base or a combination of two bases determines an amino acid, it is not enough to match the 20 amino acids discovered at that time, so the most likely situation should be that a combination of three bases determines an amino acid.
Amino acids.
In this case, 64 triplet combinations can be formed.
If the correspondence between triplet codons and amino acids has nothing to do with the sequence of bases in triplet codons, then the number of combinations of triplet bases will be reduced to 20.
Then in the middle of last year, at Crick's instigation, three guys, Brenner, Jacobs and Meselson, got together and confirmed the existence of mRNA.
Then Nirenberg proposed the conclusion of UUU encoding phe at the beginning of this year. Along with this conclusion, there was also a very reliable experimental result announced:
Nirenberg added soluble RNA to the cell-free system and found that this RNA could greatly increase the amount of newly synthesized proteins containing labeled amino acid insertions, and that the amount of protein synthesis was proportional to the amount of ribosomal RNA added.
Then he added 10ug polyuridylic acid/mL to the system/mL, which significantly stimulated the insertion of isotope-labeled phenylalanine into newly synthesized proteins. In sharp contrast,
, polyuridylic acid will not affect the insertion of other isotope-labeled amino acids into newly synthesized proteins.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content! Finally, Nirenberg confirmed that when polyuridylic acid was added to the cell-free system, the reaction product was polyphenylalanine, from which it was inferred that UUU encoded phe.
So starting from the middle of this year... almost two months before Xu Yun's time travel.
There are many people in the international biology community who are saying that they have deciphered the biological code, so a cross-professional biological idiot like Lu Guangda was deceived into believing...
But in fact, in the later generations when Xu Yun traveled through time, DNA was just a shit mountain-level code?
Although scientists have mastered the genome sequence and are working hard on sequencing, the overall situation is still unclear.
For example, the biological world still does not know how genes are specifically expressed and how genes affect specific traits - most of the sequences of humans and our close relatives, chimpanzees, are the same, but they are completely two species.
Plans such as ENCODE are listed one after another, but it is estimated that the results will not be seen in the finale of Conan.
Humans have 23 pairs of 46 chromosomes, each chromosome has thousands to tens of thousands of genes, and each gene has tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of sites.
In total, each person has about 25,000 genes (some say 30,000) and 3 billion sites.
Therefore, most of the more clearly studied diseases are single-gene genetic diseases, but many diseases are polygenic genetic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, etc., so there is still a long way to go.
His eyes returned to reality.
Due to the presence of Xu Yongjin and the deterrent halo at the scene, Xu Yun could not explain some things in too much detail.
But Lu Guangda was, after all, one of the smartest people in modern Chinese history, so he could tell a lot just from the way Xu Yun shook his head.
So he immediately decided not to delve into the principle issue, but asked Xu Yun:
"Xiao Xu, if that's the case... then just tell me directly, does this chicken have any research value?"
"The value..."
Xu Yun clicked his tongue softly and said thoughtfully:
"There is definitely value, but I think it will be difficult to see results in the short term. It will most likely be a long-term study."
"Probably... longer than Comrade Yuan Guoliang and his colleagues have been breeding rice."
"It takes that long?"
Lu Guangda immediately frowned when he heard this:
"Isn't it possible to shorten it a little bit?"
Xu Yun glanced at him and shook his head heavily.
Are you kidding...
Even if this chicken has DNA logic that is consistent with nuclear autotrophic bacteria, it will take more than ten years to analyze the principle normally.
Not to mention that after analyzing the principle, we still need to determine whether it has practical applications. Then it is possible to achieve application results in a short time?
It’s impossible for a rooster like Chicken Brother to lay eggs on its own, and then the hatched eggs have research value, right?
Impossible, absolutely impossible!
If this thing could come true, he would immediately give him the one given to him by Mr. Guo von Karmen, which was said to have been used by Maxwell. Sun Junren chewed half of it and was snatched away by Ye Duzheng. Ye Duzheng did not take two bites and was snatched away by Master Qian.
, now Liu Bosheng finished chewing and sent it back to the base. Lu Guangda took two bites and then the ax that fell into Zhao Zhongyao's mouth was chewed up on the spot!
Hey, something seems wrong? Why is the attributive of this ax so long?
Forget it, let’s leave it alone, in short this is absolutely impossible!
A rooster lays eggs, do you really think it’s Greg?
........
While Lao Guo was chatting with Xu Yun.
Far away across the ocean.
A middle-aged man in his forties also slammed the table and subconsciously shouted:
"Impossible, this is absolutely impossible!"
.......
Note:
Is the movie "Volunteer Army" good to watch? Can anyone who has seen it comment on it?