() On November 13th, Yuan Shikai led the Guards back to Bei Jing, officially assumed the position of Prime Minister of the Cabinet, and began to form a cabinet. He also arranged for Feng Guozhang to succeed the President of the Guards, and then transferred the Guards out of Bei Jing in the name of preparing for an expedition.
city, thereby firmly controlling the city of Bei Jing in his own hands.
However, at this time, armed uprisings had occurred in 18 provinces across the country, including Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Anhui, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, and Sichuan, a total of 13 provinces declared du li
.Only the five provinces of Zhili, Henan, Gansu, Shandong, and Shanxi are controlled by Yuan Shikai.
On December 2, the revolutionary army captured Nanjing. At this point, all south of the Yangtze River was controlled by the revolutionary army, and the Qing Navy, which had originally planned to attack Wuchang, also announced that it was no longer possible. The fleet commander Sa Zhenbing claimed to be ill and went to Shanghai. The fleet was led by Huang Zhongying and went to Wuchang for rescue.
On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen, who rushed back to China from Europe, formally announced in Nanjing that he would serve as the interim president of the Republic of China. On the next day, Qing army generals Jiang Guiti, Feng Guozhang, Zhang Xun, Zhang Huaizhi, Cao Kun, and Wang Zhan
Fifteen people including Yuan Yuan, Chen Guangyuan, Li Chun, Wang Huaiqing, and Zhang Zuolin called the cabinet and vowed to oppose the Republic to the death. They also asked the distinguished ministers of the Qing court to withdraw the deposits in foreign banks back to the country to use as military pay and start a war with the southern revolutionary army.
At this moment, the Beiyang army stationed in Hankou retreated to Xiaogan and stopped attacking south. Just when the north and the south were about to sit down for negotiations, a bomb almost killed Yuan Shikai, but Yuan
It was really fatal. More than ten guards, including the guard captain, were killed, but Yuan Shikai was basically not even slightly injured.
The Beiyang government north of the Yangtze River is very chaotic. Some people support the Republic, some oppose it, and some hope that the royal family will return to power. The revolutionary government south of the Yangtze River is
Fu did not stop. Seeing that the revolution had succeeded and a new political power had been established, those revolutionary pioneers and elders who had contributed to the revolution began to feel uneasy in their hearts. All the previous ideals and ambitions had turned into
Infinite desire for power. As a result, these revolutionary veterans began to make their own little plans, and various struggles for power and profit occurred one after another. Even Tao Chengzhang, the founder of the Guangfuhui, was assassinated in the hospital.
Although the government of the Republic of China occupied more than ten provinces in the south, which seemed larger than the five provinces of the government of Beiyang, in fact the government of the Republic of China had very weak control over these provinces, and these provinces did not give Nanjing a penny.
The government of the Republic of China, and these provinces had no money to pay for the military pay for the Northern Expedition.
The Northern Expedition troops gathered in Nanjing were basically made up of armies from various provinces. Some of these troops were the original Qing Dynasty garrison, and some were revolutionary armed forces that were later developed. However, whether they were the original Qing troops or the later armed forces, their military quality and
In terms of weapons and equipment, they are not as good as those of the Beiyang Army and the Nanjing Army.
Anyone with a little discernment in the community can see that such an army cannot compete with Yuan Shikai's Beiyang Army. Therefore, they began to contact Yuan Shikai as soon as he came out of the mountain. From the initial instigation of rebellion to the later peace negotiation, they were all revolutionaries.
The party members were trying hard to avoid a head-on confrontation with Yuan Shikai, so this assassination was carried out by the Nanjing government.
Fu is very unwilling to see this, because if something happens to Yuan Shikai, the leaderless Beiyang Army will probably turn to the Qing government for revenge. If that happens, the Nanjing government will be the unlucky in the end.
But although the revolutionary parties in the south did not want anything to happen to Yuan Shikai, the revolutionary parties in the north hated Yuan Shikai to the core. At the beginning of the Wuchang Uprising, not only the revolutionary momentum in the southern provinces was rapid, but also revolutionary uprisings occurred in many northern provinces. However, with the rise of Yuan Shikai
After coming out of the mountain, these uprisings were quickly suppressed, and it was originally announced that du
Li's Shanxi, Gansu, and Shandong were all quickly controlled by Yuan Shikai, so the northern revolutionary party blamed all the reasons for the failure of the northern revolution on Yuan Shikai, a warlord.
In fact, at that time, most of the joint efforts and du li in various places were successful, not because of how strong the revolutionary party was, but because the Qing government's control over various places was already very weak at that time, and officials in various places had actually already had du.
Li's idea was just to build a memorial for himself under the guise of revolution. But with Yuan Shikai's comeback, the originally weak revolutionary party was immediately suppressed by the Beiyang Army. However, because Lao Yuan was busy at the time
To force the Qing government to abdicate, the revolutionary party in the south was still needed as a target, so they did not launch a large-scale attack on the southern provinces.
Although he was assassinated, Yuan Shikai did not vent his anger on the Nanjing government
As for Fu, the North-South peace talks are still ongoing, and on January 20, the preferential treatment conditions for the Qing Dynasty were officially adopted as a living guarantee for the Qing royal family after they abdicated. Moreover, the interim president of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen, officially issued a statement, announcing that as long as Yuan Shikai
If he agreed with the abdication of the Qing Emperor and worked hard to facilitate it, he would immediately resign and give up his position as President of the Republic of China to Yuan Shikai after the Qing Emperor abdicated.
After Yuan Shikai received this guarantee, he immediately stepped up the process of forcing the palace. He not only persuaded Prince Baylor of the Qing Dynasty, but also lobbied envoys from various countries to jointly put pressure on the Qing Dynasty.
Under heavy pressure from all parties, Empress Dowager Longyu finally agreed to the abdication of the Qing Emperor in exchange for preferential treatment from the royal family. Nanjing Zhengfu also agreed to this condition after many negotiations:
1. The title of emperor of the Qing Dynasty will not be abolished, and the government of the Republic of China will treat him with the courtesy of a foreign monarch;
2. The Republic of China allocated four million yuan each year for the emperor’s expenses;
3. The emperor temporarily lived in palace confinement and later moved to the Summer Palace;
4. The ancestral temple mausoleum of the Qing royal family is permanently enshrined and protected by troops sent by the Republic of China;
5. All production and use funds for Dezong Chongling were paid by the Republic of China;
6. The deacons in the palace will continue to be retained, but eunuchs are not allowed;
7. The emperor’s private property is protected by the troops sent by the Republic of China;
8. The Forbidden Army was incorporated into the Army of the Republic of China;
In addition to these 8 preferential treatment conditions for the emperor after his resignation, there are also 4 preferential treatment conditions for the royal family and the various ethnic groups from Manchuria, Mongolia, Hui and Tibet.
There are 7 conditions for preferential treatment.
On February 12, 1912, Empress Dowager Longyu replaced Aixinjueluo Puyi, the Emperor Xuantong, and issued an abdication edict, and authorized Yuan Shikai to organize a provisional republican government. This abdication edict was drafted by Zhang Qian and passed by the Provisional Senate, but it included "
The phrase "the provisional republic was organized by Yuan Shikai with full authority", some people say was added later. Who knows?
No matter who organized the republic, the Qing Empire officially ended and was replaced and inherited by the Republic of China. The Qing Dynasty, which had ruled China for 268 years, was officially declared destroyed, and China's two thousand-year imperial system was also declared dead.
perish.
The day after the Qing Emperor announced his abdication, Sun Yat-sen submitted his resignation to the government of the Republic of China in Nanjing and recommended Yuan Shikai to the Provisional Senate to take over. On February 15, the Provisional Senate elected Yuan Shikai as the provisional president, but before Yuan arrived,
Before taking office in Nanjing, Sun Yat-sen continued to carry out government affairs.
Yuan Shikai did not immediately go to Nanjing to take over, but insisted on moving the capital to Bei Jing on the grounds of the Bei Jing rebellion. The author deeply believed this. If Lao Yuan went to Nanjing to take over, it would be difficult for a strong dragon to defeat the local snake, and it would be difficult to even bei
The base area of Jing will also have to be lost.
In early April, the Nanjing government had no choice but to agree to Yuan Shikai and move the capital to Bei Jing, so the Provisional Senate moved to Bei Jing, and Sun Yat-sen also announced his resignation in Nanjing.
