The aristocratic families gradually hindered the development of society, because the relationship between the aristocratic families has always been a short-lived dynasty, which is even more painful for the common people. What is most painful for the common people is that during the process of dynasty change, the aristocratic families often did not follow the dynasty.
collapse.
When a little bit of an aristocratic family turns into a behemoth, then some people want to overthrow these behemoths. How to do it well is a very troublesome problem, and the emergence of aristocratic families is inevitable.
It is said that the signs of aristocratic families began to appear around the Han Dynasty, and this was mainly about how to become an official. The official system of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties was Shiguan (1), that is, the son inherited the father's legacy, and what did the father leave behind?
Official positions, children and grandchildren are just official positions, and it doesn't matter what abilities are at all.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were certain changes in how to hold an official position: in addition to the original secular official system, some military merit systems were added, which relied on fighting to change classes. The Qin Dynasty paid the most attention to military merit, and the result was that the First Emperor unified the world.
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After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, it became a system of detection, that is, local officials were asked to recommend some people to serve as officials. Of course, the recommended people also had special standards, the most important of which was filial piety.
Of course, he was just a filial son, but he didn't know a few Chinese characters. Naturally, he couldn't be recommended because as an official, how could he be illiterate? Such a rough and tumble man would never become an official.
Even though Confucius began to allow more people to get educational opportunities, most people were basically living hand to mouth, so it was naturally impossible for them to study. Only families with a surplus of food could make people read and write.
The emergence of the awareness system means that the recommended person should thank the person who recommended him or her. Even if the other person does not care about it, the person involved should still remember this friendship and wait for the opportunity to repay it.
After this kind of favor exchanges, some people have a lot of personal connections in their hands. Later, they will find that their relatives and friends will benefit from this. This leads to the fact that the largest official positions are basically controlled by a few families, and others also have them.
After taking their own position, the aristocratic family emerged.
There is a good side to the aristocratic family, because they are all people who have read a lot of books, and they also have many opportunities to know more things, so talents emerge and they are all smart people.
But there are also huge disadvantages. People from aristocratic families like to make multiple bets. Refer to the aristocratic families in the Three Kingdoms period. For example, the Zhuge family of the famous Wolong Zhuge Liang during the Three Kingdoms period is like that kind of aristocratic family.
The Zhuge family made corresponding investments in the capitals of Wei, Shu and Wu. The ancients recorded this: Zhuge Jin's younger brother Liang and his younger brother were born, and they were both famous, and each was in his own country. At that time, it was thought that Shu had its dragon and Wu its tiger.
Wei got his dog. He was born in Wei and was as famous as Xiahou Xuan. Jin was in Wu, and the Wu Dynasty admired his Hongya.
The most familiar person among the three Zhuge brothers was Zhuge Liang. Later, before Liu Bei's death, he was entrusted to Mr. Wolong. Mr. Wolong did not betray Liu Bei's trust and dedicated himself to the cause of Shu.
Because Zhuge Liang's name is so famous that it blocks the glory of others. In fact, both of his brothers have good records. The most mediocre one even gave birth to an awesome son. It can be said that Zhuge's family is full of talents.
Very good situation.
This is the investment strategy of the aristocratic family. No matter which lord finally reaches the top, their plan will not fail. The children in the family can still be officials. This is why the people of the aristocratic family have been living well.
Can the emperor not see the family's plan? Of course, it can be seen that the battle between the imperial power and the family has been going on. However, most of the children of the family are ministers in the court. The power they gather is too great, and the emperor is somewhat unable to suppress it.
Just live.
The emperor naturally saw the shortcomings of the awareness system, which might make his emperor's throne unstable, but there was no good way. Children of aristocratic families occupied the most important positions in the court.
The only thing the emperor can do is to win over those from poor families, that is, just to be a minor official. The first level of official position is overwhelming, so he has to settle down like this. The wise emperor knows that he must take his time.
From the Eastern Han Dynasty, clues of aristocratic families began to appear. During the Three Kingdoms and the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, aristocratic families finally entered the political stage and played a significant role in the change of dynasties. Those who are interested can naturally see the ups and downs and find that the aristocratic family has become a cancer.
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As soon as there was an emperor, he began to think about how to weaken the privileges of the aristocratic family, but he never found a better way. Even if the emperor did not dare to get rid of the people of the aristocratic family in a hurry, there were many smart people among the children of the aristocratic family, and they had to prevent the fish from dying.
You must know that people from aristocratic families are very proud. They think that their aristocratic family is more powerful than the royal family. One by one, the royal family has been pulled down from the altar. On the contrary, it is the children of the aristocratic family who can still be officials even if they change the emperor.
It feels even better than the royal family.
Although there are many very capable people in the aristocratic family, after all, their children are exposed to deeper things. If they learn from their own family members, they can avoid many detours.
But when the children of the aristocratic family exercise their responsibilities, they are more concerned about how to benefit the family, which is intolerable. In addition, the aristocratic family is very proud: the emperor takes turns, but the aristocratic family will never fall. How can this be done? The emperor
Not happy with this situation.
But those emperors also found that they could not find any way to restrict the family. When one family fell, other families would naturally stand up. In the end, the emperors could only endure it. Even the wise and powerful Emperor Guangwu had to impose restrictions on various families.
The wealthy family adopts a gentle policy. Who made him make his fortune by relying on the wealthy family?
Finally, an emperor thought of a way to deal with the aristocratic family, that is, during the period of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, he began to prepare for large-scale imperial examinations. Unfortunately, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty took too many steps and had a bunch of indifferent officials under him, which eventually led to the death of the second generation of the Sui Dynasty.
and die,
Even so, the situation of the collapse of the aristocratic family did not improve. The Tang Dynasty established after the death of the Sui Dynasty decided to implement the imperial examination system. As a result, the privileges of the aristocratic family were broken, and the imperial power was further strengthened after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty.
On the one hand, the emperor also wanted to use people from aristocratic families, so that the sons of aristocratic families were indeed capable; on the other hand, he stepped up efforts to cultivate the children of poor families so that they would have more opportunities. This gradually weakened the power of the aristocratic families, so the aristocratic families gradually declined.
The aristocratic family began to decline and was replaced by a large number of children from poor families.
Ling Xiao remembered that by the end of the Tang Dynasty, various aristocratic families had come to an end, and the children of the aristocratic families could only take part in the imperial examinations. The good days of becoming officials as long as they could reincarnate had finally come to an end.
The decline of aristocratic families does not mean that all scholars have become refined people and gentlemen. Scholars have not united. After all, everyone has different ideas. This situation is extremely common. For example, if everyone eats tofu, there will be sweet parties and salty parties.
point.
The sweet and salty people in Tofu Nao dislike each other, which may lead to two people not getting along well together, and may lead to two people not being very happy to get along with each other.
This kind of incompatibility is normal, it is a relatively minor disagreement, and it is not a big problem. At most, we cannot be friends and enjoy delicious food together, but generally we will not become bitter enemies.
But if there are differences in ideas between scholars, it is different from the dispute between sweet and salty parties. It is a situation where the differences are relatively large. Not only can they not be friends, but they may also become enemies, and even start fighting each other.
Holding together and struggling to deal with others will start a party struggle.
Officials under party struggle have different camps, and the so-called camps are generally divided based on the personal relationships between officials in daily life. For example, if two officials are teachers and students, this relationship is basically divided into one camp. If they are not in the same camp,
, those who become disciples are afraid of being scolded for bullying their masters and destroying their ancestors.
There is another kind of relationship, although it is not a teacher-student relationship, but it comes from the same region, for example, from the Lu region. Then there will be a person with a relatively high official position from the Lu region who will become the leader and work for the benefit of the officials from the Lu region.
This led to the formation of small teams very quickly. In the officialdom, there will inevitably be some friction for the sake of interests. Gradually, the small teams will fight against each other. Later, the friction will intensify and they may even become enemies.
After reaching that stage, the two sides will compete in all aspects, and will even use methods such as framing and coercion to slander the opponent, in order to make members of the opponent's team lose their posts. This kind of struggle will last for many years and will not end.
The most famous representatives of party struggles during the Ming Dynasty: Donglin Party and Eunuch Party.
The fight between the two is super fierce. The members of the Donglin Party really wanted to fight against the eunuchs at the beginning. In the eyes of scholars, those eunuchs are bad guys, completely forgetting the helplessness of eunuchs. Who would risk their lives to castrate themselves?
The life of the eunuchs was not very good, which also led to the psychology of those eunuchs being different from normal people. However, because they had recently left the emperor, they were the emperor's favorite people, and coupled with the existence of the East and West factories, some officials were attached.
To eunuchs.
Officials who have made enemies usually want to get rid of their opponents and dare to do anything for this. Mrs. Song didn't know what to say when she heard this. She always thought that hot people like the Li family were very bad people.
But now I know that those bad things are just trivial things in the face of the real party struggle. As bad people, Li Shitou and his family have no status and no structure, so their bad things can only be regarded as small troubles. Of course, to her
She said that those calculations were definitely a disaster. She shook her body when she thought of this. This world is too dangerous.
She shook her head and quickly realized that her life was wasted. Although she was a little short-sighted, she still understood why Ling Xiao was talking to her about this at this time, just to avoid lightning.
She never thought about what would happen if a bad person gained status and established a pattern. She felt that it would be more troublesome to be bad, as more people were involved. The number of people who harmed others increased, which was really troublesome.
Ling Xiao looked at the Song family and the original owner, and asked: "If someone wants to plot against an official, but the other person is an old fox and refuses to be fooled, what should you do if you are asked to do something bad?"
The original owner didn't know what was going on, and the Song family didn't know what to do even more. They frowned and shook their heads, then looked at Ling Xiao, wanting Ling Xiao to take a good look at the situation and not delay it.
Ling Xiao continued: "In the end, the other party thought of a way. Since there is no problem with this family, then go to his family to find the problem. What if there is no big problem?"
Having said this, Ling Xiao picked up the tea bowl. The two women opposite him looked confused and confused. Ling Xiao was a little embarrassed. These few people have no political literacy and will know nothing if something goes wrong.
Know.
Of course, Ling Xiao couldn't blame them for their lack of ability. You must know that women in ancient times were able to receive education and not many were able to engage in politics. This is because female compatriots prefer peace by nature.
Even if they have any conflicts with each other, they will only make small moves at most. They basically cannot accept the kind of behavior that wants to kill people and exterminate the whole family, so naturally they will not do that kind of thing. This is a trait of many women.
Ling Xiao looked at the two people and said: "It's absolutely possible to do this. If that person doesn't have any problems worthy of impeachment, he will create a big problem. There is another possibility: he started the calculation early and bribed the people, and then wait
Let the enemy take the bait.
And if the unlucky guy didn't see it, he would be dead. When the two women heard this, they couldn't believe it was true. They were just deliberately trying to lure him away from committing a crime, so why is it so scary?
As Ling Xiao's conversation changed to family issues, Song's eyes were opened after hearing this. She had always thought that becoming a child of an official family would lead a good life that she had dreamed of.
Later, I learned that the children of those noble families also had a very hard life. They had to pay respects to their elders sooner or later, and they had to learn many skills: playing music, chess, calligraphy, and painting. These are compulsory skills for noble men and women, but whether they are good or not depends on what happens in the future.
Later, after listening to Ling Xiao's words, I realized that it was not the case. Officials in the imperial court were not very easy to do. If they were not good enough, they would be scolded and then dismissed. It was easy to say that they were not officials.
The problem is that some emperors also like to confiscate the families of their ministers and exterminate their clans. This leads officials to ensure the continuation of the family and to get the latest information on the situation, all the men and women in the family have to get married, even a very young girl who has not yet reached the age of hairpin, has to get married.
It was hard to say what the children's future rivals would be like. Only then did Mrs. Song know that after the noble ladies got married, there were also women who were kicked out of their husband's family because of troubles in their natal family, and they were helpless.
After hearing this, Mrs. Song tossed and turned and didn't sleep well all night. She came out with two dark circles under her eyes. When she saw Mrs. Song's appearance, Ling Xiao smiled slightly. She naturally understood what Mrs. Song was thinking.
Originally, she only thought that her two sons would be successful, but later she learned that the risks would increase if they were successful. This made her worry about gain and loss, and she didn't know what to do for a while.
Ling Xiao, on the other hand, didn't say anything at first and still let Bishop Yuan's two children study. Of course, the younger one was too young and would get up and play around after just sitting for a while.