These are washed out by the river water over countless years, so as long as there are tourmaline mines around, the river water will wash them out more or less. As long as you look carefully, you may be able to gain something.↗,
However, in tourmaline producing areas, mineral veins are generally very rich, but few reach gem level. Moreover, tourmaline mines are generally very deep and difficult to find on the surface. This is determined by the process of tourmaline formation.
In fact, it is extremely difficult for us to encounter every tourmaline. On the earth we live on, scientists have discovered more than 3,000 minerals, and among these 3,000 minerals, only 15 can be used as gemstones, and
Its output and reserves are quite rare.
The earth is composed of three parts, the outermost layer is the crust, the middle layer is the mantle, and the innermost layer is the core.
The earth's crust is an extremely thin solid shell on the surface of the earth. So far, almost all natural gemstones are produced in the earth's crust. The earth's crust is at least 200 million years old and the oldest is even 4 billion years old. This means that you
The tourmaline in your hand has traveled through time and space at least 200 million years ago.
The mantle is also called the middle layer. Its upper boundary is the Moho discontinuity, and its lower boundary is the Gutenberg discontinuity with a depth of 2900km. In the middle of these two discontinuities is a nearly liquid material, which is geologically called
It's called the asthenosphere.
In the asthenosphere, the temperature has reached above the melting point of the materials in this area, forming a liquid state. These liquid areas have become areas with high incidence of magmatism and are also one of the birthplaces of various magmatic gemstone deposits.
This means that the dazzling tourmaline in our hands has been roasted and tempered in the darkness hundreds of kilometers underground and at temperatures of thousands of degrees.
Perhaps the sudden high-pressure extrusion caused the liquid material in the earth's mantle to invade the surface and slowly cool and crystallize to form hard rock. Not all of this rock is tourmaline. Only in the deep core of this rock can precious stones be formed.
of tourmaline.
It can be seen that during the formation process of tourmaline, it has to withstand huge external pressure and undergo a long period of crystallization.
But after so many hardships, the glory of tourmaline is still far away from us.
Under the action of internal and external forces in the earth's crust, the rock formations containing tourmaline have to undergo natural screening and transportation, or other forms of enrichment to form mineral deposits. Only in this way can it be liberated from the deep darkness.
, let it bathe in the sun.
Of course, the tourmaline here is only raw ore, and cannot be regarded as a finished gemstone. Then a new experience of tourmaline is coming again, that is, cutting and grinding. This is the beginning of a gem's glorious life, and it is also the last step for a gem.
Suffering.
Under normal circumstances, two-thirds of the raw ore is lost during cutting and polishing, but the polished tourmaline will reflect the dazzling brilliance as light enters from different angles, thus doubling its value!
Before a tourmaline jewelry meets you, the experience before and after is like putting on a wedding dress like a shy bride.
The designer designed a tailor-made wedding dress for the tourmaline based on its shape, size and color. The molder and the setter put her into the sedan chair smoothly and safely.
Then "she" is quietly waiting for your affectionate gaze in the brocade box, waiting for your fingertips to gently pick up "her"!
It is definitely not easy to pick up such a bride. The tourmaline mines in the plain area are buried very deep. Of course, this depends on the changes in the earth's crust. If you are lucky, the movement of the earth's crust will bring the tourmaline to the ground. In this way
It's very easy to dig.
However, the vast majority of tourmalines in the tourmaline mines that have been discovered so far are mined by workers from mineral seams 10,000 meters deep, and the probability of obtaining gem-quality tourmalines is very small.
Therefore, it is almost impossible for Korean peacocks to dig out tourmalines here. Only in the river can they find traces of tourmalines. However, the tourmalines in the river sand are very small and have many cracks, so they have basically no economic value.
You can play with specimens.
Walking along the river. Han Kongque's perception was not stopping at all, and he easily picked up some broken tourmalines. After all, this was once a mining area. It is normal to find some tourmalines of poor quality. Maybe these tourmalines were thrown out of the mining area back then.
of waste.
I picked up a stone again. This stone was larger and seemed to have a piece of glass inlaid on it.
"This is also a tourmaline? Isn't it too ugly?" Chen Jiayi took a stone from Han Peacock's hand. There seemed to be a green glass-like thing in the middle of the stone.
Han Kongque shook his head and said: "This is not a tourmaline, but more like an emerald."
This piece was definitely not a waste, but looked like a natural ore, so Han Peacock observed it very carefully. After comparing it, Han Peacock discovered that it was actually an emerald.
Emerald is a kind of beryl containing chromium, with bright green color and full of vitality, so emerald has always been loved by jewelry fans.
Emerald and tourmaline are different. They are mainly crystals. Emerald is a three-phase inclusion, usually containing at least 2 colorless crystals and small bubbles suspended in a liquid.
Green tourmaline is pure green, with obvious dichroism, high birefringence of 0.18, and high density.
Han Kongque has done a lot of research on various gemstones recently, so he took note of the shapes of many gemstone crystals. For example, this emerald wrapped in a rock is of average quality and its internal crystallization is columnar crystal.
Observing under a magnifying glass, you can find that this emerald contains flaky biotite and bamboo-like actinolite inclusions.
The most similar thing to emerald should be jade, but under the perception of Han Peacock, it can also be clearly distinguished. High-quality translucent emerald green jade is more similar to emerald, but jade has a fiber interwoven structure and finer fibers. Emerald
Green does not have this structure.
Therefore, whenever you see gems such as tourmaline, jade, emerald, crystal, fluorite, etc., you can tell them immediately. These are all very similar to emerald. Similar natural green gems include apatite.
, green sapphire, chromium-containing vanadium grossularite.
"Why are there emeralds here? Isn't it said that this is a tourmaline mining area?" Chen Jiayi asked strangely.
"There's nothing strange about this. There are many mines associated with emerald, including tourmaline, which is tourmaline." Han Peacock said while inspecting the emerald ore.
Han Peacock knows that the United States also produces emeralds. North Carolina is the distribution area of several known emerald deposits in the United States. The most important one is next to the small town of Hidingnit in Alkader. The emeralds are
Veins occur in gneissic rocks.
Most of its emeralds are only green on the surface of the crystal, and the center is a nearly colorless aquamarine, but there are also a few that are whole emeralds. In addition, they are also accompanied by aquamarine, beautiful quartz crystals, monazite crystals and rutile crystals.
.
Therefore, it is not surprising to find emeralds here. However, discovering an emerald of poor quality is completely different from discovering a mine.
The main emerald producing areas in the world are still in South America and Africa. Natural emeralds mainly include Colombian emeralds, Ural emeralds, Brazilian emeralds and Zimbabwean emeralds.
The main producing areas of emeralds are Colombia, Urals, Brazil, India, South Africa, Zimbabwe, etc.
The emeralds produced in Colombia are world-famous for their good color, good texture and large output. They are the largest source of high-quality emeralds in the world. The two most important emerald deposits in Colombia are Muzo and Chivor, which are located in Bogotá.
Within about 100km to the northeast, it is located in the Cordillera Mountains.
Colombian emerald production began in the mid-16th century. At that time, the emerald mines were owned by the Spanish occupiers, and they were not nationalized until 1886.
For centuries, the Muzo and Chivor mines have been the world's largest supplier of high-quality emeralds, monopolizing the international market and accounting for approximately 80% of the world's total high-quality emerald production.
Emerald has many associated minerals, often including inclusions of pyrite, black carbonaceous matter, crystal, chromite, etc. The associated minerals include tourmaline, chrysoberyl, topaz, etc.
In fact, conversely, in mining areas that produce tourmalines, it is normal to have some half-grown emeralds. It is just a matter of which one is more.
With this discovery, Han Peacock became energetic. It would be better if he could find emerald veins.
Although the idea is wonderful, it is troublesome to actually find it. However, sometimes, pie does fall from the sky.
Han Kongque and Chen Jiayi searched all morning. When they were having lunch, Han Kongque found a rock in the marching stove built by the bodyguards. It was a bit special because there was a large green spot on the outward side.
"Isn't this also an emerald?" Seeing Han Kongque's eyes straighten, Chen Jiayi couldn't help but ask.
When Chen Jiayi said this, Han Kongque couldn't help but laugh. This is really an emerald.
Emerald is in the form of a hexagonal crystal column, with the average crystal diameter ranging from 1 to 3 mm, and the largest crystals reaching 3 meters. Han Peacock will never mistake this.
It’s not strange to find emeralds. They are all found in this way, and the quality of the emeralds found is quite good. However, the Korean peacock is a bit strange.
Han Peacock carefully rubbed the green color in the center. After just a few rubs, a bright green color was exposed to everyone's eyes.
The emeralds wrapped in this gneiss-like rock are small in size, but high in quality, bright green, and very beautiful.
Han Kongque knew that this was a piece of biotite granite gneiss, and emeralds are produced in this kind of rock. This kind of rock is very easy to recognize. The gneiss-like structure is also called gneiss, which is a common type of metamorphic rock.
Structure is also the most profoundly metamorphic structure.
The characteristic is that the rock is mainly composed of light-colored granular minerals, but there is a certain amount of dark flake or columnar minerals arranged in a direction, and the latter is unevenly distributed in the light-colored granular minerals.
The discovery of this kind of ore is equivalent to the discovery of an emerald vein, because this kind of rock cannot be just one piece. (To be continued.)