Eight hundred and ninetieth chapters Mumbai blood type A
"Yes, but there is a lot of panda blood. If the boss really wants to prepare, it is better to know how hemolytic disease occurs first, so that he can be prepared." Chen Rong said.
Neonatal hemolytic anemia is an allergic blood disease that occurs due to incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood types. The lifespan of human red blood cells is about 120 days. By then, the aging red blood cells will be destroyed in the body and replaced by fresh red blood cells produced by the bone marrow.
Replenish.
Hemolytic anemia will occur when the life span of red blood cells is shortened, destruction is accelerated, and the bone marrow has no time to replenish it. When an antigen-antibody reaction occurs between the newborn and the mother due to blood type incompatibility, resulting in accelerated destruction of red blood cells, hemolytic anemia of the newborn will occur.
, this situation is most common in cases where the newborn's rh blood type is incompatible with the mother's.
The blood type of the fetus is determined by the blood type antigens of both parents. When the father's blood type is rh-positive and the mother's blood type is rh-negative, the rh antigen inherited by the fetus from the father will stimulate the mother to produce anti-rh antibodies.
This kind of antibody enters the fetus through the placenta and will react with the fetal red blood cell rh antigen, causing the destruction of the latter. Therefore, this will only occur when the father's blood type is rh positive and the mother's blood type is rh negative.
Condition.
The production of anti-RH antibodies by an Rh-negative mother requires the stimulation of Rh-positive fetal red blood cells. Fetal red blood cells enter the mother's body mainly through the destroyed placental barrier during delivery.
Therefore, the first child is often not affected, but the impact will become more and more serious in subsequent births. In a few cases, the rh-negative mother has anti-rh antibodies in her body because she has received a transfusion of rh-positive blood. In this way, the second child will be affected.
It can be affected in just one pregnancy.
Neonatal hemolytic anemia is not limited to rh blood group incompatibility. As long as there is any blood type incompatibility, there is a possibility of neonatal hemolytic anemia.
Therefore, theoretically speaking, A wave blood type incompatibility can also cause hemolytic anemia in newborns, but this rarely happens because the anti-A and anti-B antibody molecules are larger and generally cannot easily enter the fetus through the placenta.
in vivo.
What's more important is that a and b antigens do not only exist in red blood cells. They also exist in various tissues and body fluids, so the antibodies from the mother may have been widely present in tissues and body fluids before reaching the fetal red blood cells.
The antibodies are neutralized and the fetal red blood cells are protected.
Our country has many rh-positive blood types and very few negative ones. Therefore, the incidence of hemolytic disease of newborns is also low. In European and American countries, its incidence can be as high as 1/200.
The rh blood group has 6 antigens (c, c; d, d; e, e), among which the d antigen was discovered first and has the strongest antigenicity. Clinically, those with d antigen are called rh positive, and those with the d antigen are called negative, and those with the d antigen are called negative.
Most people are rh positive and % are rh negative.
There are great clinical differences in A-wave hemolysis. Rh hemolysis is often more serious than A-wave hemolysis. Anemia in patients with rh hemolysis generally appears early and severe; while A-wave hemolysis has less anemia and usually does not appear until the late neonatal period. Severe anemia is more likely to occur.
Anemic heart failure occurs.
The treatment of neonatal hemolytic anemia mainly includes two aspects. One is to use drugs or irradiation to inhibit the hemolysis process and change the structure of bilirubin to prevent it from being excreted in the urine or preventing it from combining with nervous tissue to protect the nervous system.
Function.
The second is to continuously perform blood transfusions with rh-negative male blood to replace rh antibodies and bilirubin in the fetus. For severe cases, most drug treatments have little effect and require repeated blood transfusions. This will be a serious problem for the family.
A huge burden."
After introducing the hemolytic disease, Han Kongque also realized his misunderstanding. He originally thought that his daughter had become a rare giant panda!
But when Chen Rong said this, Han Kongque knew that this rh-negative blood type is not so scarce at all. It sounds like a very small number, and % of it is rh-negative blood. However, the country has a large population! Even if there are only three out of ten thousand people,
Fourteen, how many people are there in the country, 1.3 billion?
Definitely more than a hundred thousand! Of course, the ratio is a bit small. A hundred thousand is a small number compared to 1.3 billion, but no matter how small it is, there is still a population of more than a hundred thousand.
Han Kongque breathed a sigh of relief and said, "It's not uncommon to say that rh-negative blood type is not uncommon, so I feel relieved."
Chen Rong smiled and said: "That's true, but I heard that the boss has the blood of the Huns?"
Han Kongque nodded and said: "Indeed, there is, but it has been fused for thousands of years, and the Xiongnu bloodline has long been thin and insignificant."
Chen Rong said: "Children born from ethnic minorities have a higher chance of rare blood types. I hope your daughter will not inherit that slim chance."
"Originally, I thought rh-negative blood type was a rare blood type, but now that you've said it, rh-negative blood type isn't considered rare anymore, so that's no problem at all." Han Peacock said with a smile.
Chen Rong smiled and said: "What is a rare blood type? A rare blood type is a rare or uncommon blood type. This blood type not only exists in the A-wave blood type system, but there are also some even rarer blood types in the rare blood type system.
.
For the rare blood types discovered now, rare blood type systems have been established respectively, such as rh, mnssu, p, kell, kidd, theran, deigo, lewis, duffy and a series of other rare blood type systems.
There is also a rare blood group system called Bombay type. In this blood type, there are no a, b and h antigens on the red blood cells, but there are three types of a, b and anti-h antibodies in the serum.
In the rare blood group system, except for the rh blood group system, the number of people with other blood types accounts for a very small proportion in the total population. Therefore, they are far less important in actual clinical practice than the rh blood group system with rh blood group. However, in terms of its specific
He said that if blood is used improperly, some antibodies can still have fatal consequences.
As for the rh blood type, rh is the first two letters of the foreign name of the rhesus monkey. When scientists such as Landsteiner conducted animal experiments in 1940, they discovered that the antigenic substances of the rhesus blood group exist on the red blood cells of rhesus monkeys and most humans.
Hence the name.
Anyone with rh antigen (also called d antigen) on the red blood cells of human blood is called rh negative. This means that people with the four main blood types of red blood cells A, B, O and AB are divided into two.
It is divided into two types: rh positive and rh negative.
With the continuous research on rh blood type, it is believed that rh blood group system may be the most complex blood group system among red blood cells. The discovery of rh blood group will provide more scientific guidance for blood transfusion work and further improve the experimental diagnosis and maintenance of hemolytic disease of newborns.
Maternal and child health play a very important role.
According to relevant information, some ethnic minorities have about 90%. Among some foreign ethnic groups, about 85% of people have rh-positive blood types. Among European and American Caucasians, about 15% have rh-negative blood types. The boss’s
Hun ancestry. The probability of developing rh-negative blood type is very high.
The Rh blood group is one of the most complex blood group systems since the discovery of the A-wave blood group. Incompatible blood transfusions may endanger the patient's life. Pregnancies with incompatible Rh blood types between mother and child may cause stillbirth, premature birth and neonatal hemolytic disease."
"Dr. Chen, the results are out." At this moment, someone came over to report.
Han Kongque's and Chen Rong's realization all fell on this researcher. Seeing the researcher's serious look, Han Kongque said: "Is the blood type really rh negative?"
Chen Rong said at the same time: "It's not the AB type among the rh-negative blood types, right? This should be the least."
The researcher said: "No, we are confirming again. If it is correct, it should be Bombay blood."
"Bombay type?" Han Kongque and Chen Rong both exclaimed.
Han Peacock has a super memory. Just now Chen Rong introduced the Bombay type blood. He knew that the Bombay type is even rarer than the rh negative blood type.
Chen Rong was a little nervous at this time, so she directly said to Han Peacock: "The rarest blood type in the world is the Bombay blood type. It was discovered in a nurse in the Czech Republic in 1961. Until now, only a few have been found in the world.
indivual."
"Really that few?" Han Kongque also started to have a headache at this time.
There was another person who had more headaches than him. Huangshan, who heard their conversation at this time, had already begun to cast a net to find people with Bombay blood type without having to tell Han Kongque. However, Huangshan, who quickly reported back the news, became nervous.
In the rare blood group system, except for the rh blood group system, the number of people with other blood types accounts for a very small proportion in the total population.
The Bombay blood type is very rare around the world, about one in 10,000 in India, about one in a million in Europe, and in some isolated areas, such as Reunion in France, the rate of h-antigen-deficient individuals is as high as about
thousandth.
The Bombay blood type is extremely rare in our country. The proportion of people with this blood type in the country is only one in hundreds of thousands, and only about 30 cases have been reported in the country.
The Bombay blood type is extremely rare among Chinese people because there are no a, b, or h antigens on red blood cells. In addition to anti-a and anti-b antibodies, there are anti-h antibodies in the serum, and a or b antigens can be found in saliva.
It is said that there are only 30 people with this blood type in the country, 3 in Shenzhen City, only 1 in Yangcheng, and several others in other provinces. The most discovered case was in Shan Province. One case was found in Taicheng, the capital of Shan Province.
For example! On May 27, 2011, a pair of brothers and sisters were found to have Bombay blood in Shan Province again, so three people were also found in Shan Province.
"Even if there are not so few reports, it's not much different. The most important thing is that people with this blood type don't know that they have this blood type at all. Many of them are treated as ordinary blood types after accidents.
It was an accident." Chen Rong said solemnly.
"What should we do?" Han Kongque was a little at a loss. This was the first time he was so helpless.
Chen Rong said: "Boss, don't worry. There are not many people in our country, but there are relatively many in Africa. The reason why it is called Bombay blood type is because the first blood type was discovered in Mumbai, so there should be many people with this blood type in Bombay. This blood type is rare in our country."
, a large part of them are distributed among the ethnic minorities in Tibet and Yunnan provinces, and if you really look for them, you can still find quite a few."
Han Kongque said: "Have you confirmed the specific blood type?"
The researcher said: "Bombay blood type A." (To be continued...)