Chapter 26: Learning from the barbarians to control barbarians
However, in the face of oxygen top-blown converter steelmaking, open-hearth steelmaking, the king of steel production technology, was instantly deemed obsolete.
Oxygen top-blown converter steelmaking technology brings not only transcendence, but real change. This is the mainstream steelmaking method that has been adopted by later generations. The reason why China can become the world's factory and then evolve into the world's engine is inseparable from the huge amount of steel.
Yield.
This technology originated in 1948, when Dürer, a professor at the Technical University of Berlin in Germany, built a 2.5T tar dolomite-lined test converter in a Swiss smelting laboratory. The water-cooled nozzle sprayed high-speed pure oxygen vertically downward to make high-quality molten steel. This was the first oxygen top blowing
The laboratory test of oxygen-blown steelmaking in a converter was declared successful.
The test results at that time were very amazing. The entire pure oxygen steelmaking process heated up rapidly due to oxygen. It only took ten minutes to successfully produce 2 tons of steel. The production time and thermal efficiency were extremely high.
10 minutes, 2 tons!
What about open-hearth steelmaking, which has been favored by countries all over the world?
The average smelting time is more than 8 hours, and the average smelting time of the acidic material steelmaking furnace initially used is as high as 24 hours, which is an extremely long smelting time.
Steelmaking is simply an oxidation smelting process. Air is the main source of oxygen in nature. However, four-fifths of the air is nitrogen. During the air smelting reaction, a large amount of nitrogen passes through the furnace, taking away a huge amount of heat in vain.
And some nitrogen is dissolved in the molten iron, becoming an important reason for deteriorating the quality of low carbon steel.
After the oxygen in open-hearth steelmaking is used to burn fuel, the excess oxygen has to be transferred into the molten steel through the slag layer, resulting in an extremely slow reaction rate.
Although hundreds of tons of molten steel can be smelted at one time, the time-consuming and energy-efficiency ratio is completely reduced by the oxygen top-blown converter steelmaking.
Compared with open-hearth steelmaking, the advantages of oxygen top-blown converter steelmaking are all-round, with many varieties, good quality, high resource utilization, short production time, and infrastructure investment is about 60% of that of an open-hearth workshop with the same production capacity.
The blowing process of a 50T oxygen top-blown converter takes about 20 minutes. Including the time spent on feeding materials and auxiliary procedures, it does not exceed 40 minutes. The average number of smelting times per day is 36. The total daily steel output is as high as 1,800 tons. The total annual steel output
Up to 657,000 tons.
What does 657,000 tons mean?
In 1937, Northeastern steel production was 500,000 tons, and Japan's total annual steel production was 5.8 million tons. The ratios were 1:1.314 and 1:8.828, which was more than double the former and 11.3% of the latter.
Only 10 50T oxygen top-blown converters need to be built, and the total annual steel output can reach 6.57 million tons, reaching Japan's level.
In a sense, oxygen top-blown converter steelmaking technology is the real dragon-slaying art of this era, and the three sacred books are far less important than this technology.
As a well-known scholar at Bilibili, Yu Hua knows very well what this top steel-making technology, which should have been born in 1949, means to China in this era. Since it wants to follow the scientific path, this top technology in the metallurgical industry is his
one of the goals.
"To develop an oxygen blowing furnace, we need to overcome two core key technologies, one is the oxygen lance, and the other is the refractory material. This technology is something that I cannot research at this stage. The resources and knowledge reserves do not support it. I will study it after I am admitted to Tsinghua University.
List it as the early and mid-term goal." Yu Hua thought in his mind, and came up with the core of oxygen blowing furnace technology, and made relevant arrangements.
Oxygen lances and refractory materials are the core of oxygen blowing furnaces. These two things need to involve manufacturing, materials, chemical industry and other fields, which Yuhua cannot handle at this stage. Peking No. 4 Middle School cannot provide laboratories and basic equipment for research.
Only National Tsinghua University has such resources.
To be honest, Yu Hua's requirements are not high. 100T level and 50T level are too far away. Even 10T level is a luxury. As long as he can build a 2T level laboratory-level oxygen top-blown converter, he will be satisfied.
A 2T oxygen blowing furnace takes about 30 minutes in total, the average number of smelting times per day can reach 48, and the daily steel production at full capacity reaches 96 tons.
Although the daily output of 96 tons is not impressive, the annual output is as high as 35,000. For China, whose annual steel output was only 40,000 tons in 1937, this was a completely explosive output.
As long as there are 2T-level oxygen blowing furnaces, 5T-level oxygen blowing furnaces, and 10T-level oxygen blowing furnaces, will they be far behind?
Now, the goals of building an oxygen blowing furnace and writing the three sacred books are not urgent for the time being. The primary goal is still learning.
Only by mastering more knowledge is the king's way!
At this time, Luo Wenguang heard everyone's answers and nodded. He glanced at Yu Hua, who had been sitting quietly without speaking, and gestured to the students to quiet down: "For the rest of your life, what is your ambition?"
There was silence in the classroom, and everyone turned their attention to Yu Hua.
Li Fan and Zhao Anyuan, who were sitting in the first row, looked at the only student in the class who had not completed their holiday homework.
"Mr. Hui, I want to study in the National Tsinghua University, study in the United States, learn advanced technology, and serve the motherland." After his name was read, Yu Hua came out of his own thoughts, stood up, and looked around with his peripheral vision to feel the eyes of his classmates.
, be silent for a while, and tell your life aspirations.
As soon as these words came out, many students frowned slightly and cast strange looks.
At the time of the national crisis, instead of staying and reimbursing the motherland, you decided to stay abroad in the United States. Isn't this an escape?
Although there are still a few students from Tsinghua who have gone abroad to study abroad in recent years and are unwilling to return to China, it is by no means non-existent!
Let’s not talk about whether Yu Hua, who ranked fourteenth in his grades, could be admitted to National Tsinghua University. At this time when the smoke of war was filled with war, Yu Hua actually wanted to study in the United States. This move was really hard to let go.
Some students showed disappointment in their eyes, and those with strong temperaments even looked at him with disdain, labeling Yu Hua a coward in their hearts.
Mr. Luo Wenguang, the senior class teacher, did not criticize or be disappointed. He looked at Yu Hua's bright and energetic eyes with a serious face and seriously reminded: "Learning from the barbarians and gaining skills to control the barbarians is a way to save the nation and survive for more than 90 years. This way
It will be difficult, so you have to be prepared in your mind. In addition, your grades are far from the admission line of National Tsinghua University, so you need to work harder."
"Thank you for your teaching."
Yu Hua didn't care about the looks of some students, he bowed and thanked him, and his words were serious and sincere.
You don’t need others to understand, care about, or approve of what you do.
"Those who accomplished great things in ancient times not only had extraordinary talents, but also must have perseverance. Sir, I hope that all of you will be as strong and strong as steel and finally achieve your goals." Luo Wenguang's words came out and reverberated.
In a huge classroom.
"As we respect our master, we will cherish our time and work hard to learn."
The next moment, all the students stood up and answered in unison.
"Students, please study by yourself. Meet in the school auditorium at 9:50."
After leaving a few words, Mr. Luo Wenguang left with a smile on his face. Today's lecture at the beginning of school achieved its purpose and turned all the students' minds to the classroom.
The classroom returned to silence, and all students sat down and studied individually.
"Collection of wrong questions, holiday homework, and the three sacred books, I have been very busy during this period." After sitting down, Yu Hua sighed in his heart, silently found his notebook, and prepared to do the holiday homework first. This thing must be submitted before three o'clock tomorrow morning.