"To do something or to do nothing", this is the fundamental difference between Confucianism and Taoism.
There are three reasons why Taoism advocates "inaction":
In the past there was no action but now there is action; in the Tao there is no action but in virtue there is action; in the past there was no action but in the present there is action.
Therefore, the dispute between Confucianism and Taoism is also the battle between ancient and modern times, the battle between morality, and the battle between heaven and man.
The right and wrong between Confucianism and Taoism also lies in this.
The debate between Zhao Rong and Tao Yuanran this time focused on these three points.
Zhao Rong and Tao Yuanran competed against each other.
Zhao Rong: "If you don't respect the virtuous, the people will not fight; if you don't value hard-to-find goods, the people will not steal; if you don't see the desirable, the people will not be confused. Therefore, the rule of the sage will always make the people ignorant and desireless, and make the husband knowledgeable."
Don’t dare to do anything. If you do nothing, everything will be cured.”
Tao Yuanran: "A gentleman is safe but does not forget danger, survives without forgetting death, and governs without forgetting chaos. This is why a gentleman will do something and will do something. When asked, he will speak. His orders will be as directed, and there will be no distance or distance.
Deep in the depths, I know that what comes is not the best in the world, who can compare to this?"
Zhao Rong: "There are many taboos in the world, but the people are poor; there are many people with sharp weapons, and the country is drowsy; there are many people with clever tricks, and strange things are everywhere; there are many laws and regulations, and there are many thieves. Therefore, I do nothing, and the people will change themselves; I like to be quiet,
And the people are self-righteous; I have nothing to do, and the people are rich; I have no desires, and the people are simple."
Tao Yuanran: "..."
…
Off the stage, Lin Wenruo listened attentively to the debate on stage, stared at the two people on the stage, and suddenly breathed a sigh of relief.
Before the debate began, Lin Wenruo was very worried, especially after learning that Zhao Rong's opponent was a Taoist gentleman. He even had the illusion that he had lost in the end. But now he saw that Zhao Rong did not fall behind at all at the beginning.
I can't help but let go, at least there is hope!
And the more Lin Wenruo listened, the more surprised he became. He found that Zhao Rong had outstanding eloquence and was very familiar with Taoist classics. He knew something about this, and knew that Zhao Rong had a good memory, but he didn't expect that he could still speak in ordinary times.
I have studied Taoism, and it seems that it is not just a casual glance.
On the other side of the venue, where the Chongxu audience was, the atmosphere was somewhat depressing.
This conversation was not one-sided?
This was very different from what they expected.
Qingjingzi's face looked a little ugly. Although he was not good at arguing, he understood the matter very well. The stalemate between the two sides on the court only showed one point.
The two people on the court have similar eloquence, and they cannot defeat each other immediately. They can only wait and see which side reveals its loopholes first, becomes passive, and loses in the end.
Qing Jingzi glanced at Qing Yuanzi and found that the other party was staring at the scholar on the stage whom he had always looked down on, with a somewhat incredulous expression.
Qingjingzi suddenly felt a sense of joy.
Fortunately, Qing Yuanzi was not asked to choose Zhao Ziyu in the second game, otherwise the consequences would be disastrous!
At this time, the fight between the two people on the stage gradually became fierce.
Zhao Rong has always adhered to the view of "doing nothing and doing everything", believing that a gentleman should govern the country with the principle of "ruling by doing nothing" and not actively provoke wars. If the country has no disasters, the people will naturally become rich.
If the gentleman who governs the country has no desires, the people will naturally become simple and honest.
He also stated that "governing a big country is like cooking small dishes." Don't stir the pot with a shovel, otherwise the meat will be broken. By extension, it means that to govern a big country, don't disturb the people, don't make things complicated, and don't change orders every day.
In short, only by doing nothing can we do anything.
Tao Yuanran strongly opposed it, believing that the premise of "rule by inaction" is that both officials and people should consciously abide by it, or be anti-intellectual and make the people stupid and desireless, obeying the ruler's orders like lambs, otherwise "inaction" means there is no rule.
As a result, the country will become more and more chaotic.
These premises are ideal and therefore not valid.
And he believed that when a gentleman governs a country, he must do something, that is, "do something." He must stand up and do something. No matter whether the result is good or bad, he must do something.
Zhao Rong clenched a fist with one hand to support his leg, and held a jade in front of his abdomen with the other hand. His eyes were focused and his words were intense.
When the debate began, Tao Yuanran, who had been spinning his rosary beads, stopped moving his hands and looked at the Confucian scholar in front of him more seriously.
Both of them were eloquent and spoke fiercely, neither giving in at all.
Zhao Rong: "If you do nothing, practice without teaching, and don't want to be quiet, the world will be determined by itself."
Tao Yuanran: "How do you do it?"
Zhao Rong: "The sage said, empty your heart, strengthen your belly, weaken your ambition, and strengthen your bones. The top is like a flag branch, and the people are like wild deer."
Tao Yuanran: "According to what you have done, you have no father and no king, you are just a beast! The world is in chaos, and you started it!"
After that, the situation suddenly took a turn!
Lin Wenruo frowned in the audience and looked at Tao Yuanran who was aggressive after gaining power on the stage, and had a bad feeling.
Tao Yuanran's tone was intense, "You said that if you do nothing, you will do everything first, and you will do it first. You also said that I have no place to live, so I won't leave. This is entirely based on the gains and losses of human affairs, and it is entirely based on the plan of dealing with power.
"
He also said: "He began to focus on practical utility, emphasis on power, and was close to fraud. He grasped nature and played with it in the palm of his hand, pretending to be inactive, but with deliberate intentions in his heart, he wanted to do anything."
Tao Yuanran's attack on Zhao Rong's conclusion of "doing nothing without doing anything" focused on the three words "doing everything" and attributed Zhao Rong's views to conspiracy theory and power theory.
He used clever logic to misinterpret Zhao Rong's views, making Zhao Rong's previous dialectics untenable and contradictory.
Zhao Rong suddenly paused, frowned fiercely, leaned forward, and placed the hand that was holding the jade plaque heavily on the table.
Zhao Rong was speechless for a moment and didn't know how to defend himself.
His heart skipped a beat, and he remembered that the rule of clear debate was that one could not pause for more than three breaths, so he hurriedly responded when he saw Layman Liuyi about to speak from the corner of his eye.
It's just that in a hurry, I can only try to be vague and sophistry in an attempt to shift the focus.
However, Tao Yuanran was unyielding when he had the upper hand and clung to the loophole just now.
Suddenly, the situation on the stage changed suddenly, and Zhao Rong became passive and became increasingly unable to support himself.
In the debate field, being passive means that you are not far from defeat!
Lin Wenruo in the audience clenched his fists, his fingertips sinking into the flesh of his palms, and stared at Zhao Rong with bated breath.
On the other side, Qing Yuanzi, who had a tense face, suddenly breathed a sigh of relief, grinned, and smiled silently.
Qingjingzi on the side shouted "Hello" and looked playfully at a certain furnace in the crowd opposite, feeling that it was within reach. Then he looked at the young Confucian scholar who was paused and hesitating on the stage with cruel eyes.
Zhao Rong barely held on, dealing with Tao Yuanran's "attack" and thinking of countermeasures at the same time.
His right hand was firmly pressed against the table, and the milky white jade plaque in his palm kept feeling hot, just like his heart at this moment.
Zhao Rong felt that he was in a very strange state. He clearly felt the theory to resolve the loophole just now, but he couldn't describe it!
Just like sometimes, you are thinking about something one second, forget it the next second, and then you know it exists, but it is difficult to remember it no matter how much you think about it.
Zhao Rong was also in this strange state at this moment.
I forgot to say anything when I wanted to argue.
The situation became increasingly critical. Suddenly, as Tao Yuanran gave a sonorous and powerful shout, Zhao Rong paused again and was speechless.
At this moment, Zhao Rong felt as if time had slowed down. He stared blankly at the scorching eyes of the old man in front of him, and saw himself reflected in them. He could feel that time was passing rapidly, like countless handfuls of escaping objects.
The flying swords passed by both sides of his face. He knew that if he didn't take three breaths, he would lose, lose his dignity, lose the life of his friend, lose the 700-year-old ancestral foundation of the Lanxi Lin family.
Lose...that stupid girl.
Under the pressure of this mountain-like burden, he suddenly felt like giving up everything, bowing his head and admitting defeat...
no!
He screamed in his heart, like a giant beast sealed in the abyss tearing apart the ancient chains.
He gritted his teeth and bit the tip of his tongue, the sweet and fishy taste of blood hitting his taste buds, and the tingling pain tearing at his nerves, telling him of the existence of consciousness.
No, I didn’t lose!
Zhao Rong turned his head to avoid the old man's gaze for a moment, took a deep breath, and was ready to continue his arrogant sophistry while looking for the key in his mind, but at this time, his eyes happened to catch a glimpse of the people in the audience.
Su Xiaoxiao clenched his fists and bit his lip, looking up at him like a prayer.
There was Lin Qingxuan who looked pale.
There was Chen Muzhi, who was slumped in his seat with a dull gaze.
And... Lin Wenruo, whose face was red and his eyes were tightly open.
He even saw Qing Yuanzi, who was holding his hands and looking at him with a smile on his face...
etc!
Qing Yuanzi! Lin Wenruo!
A flash of light flashed through Zhao Rong's mind like lightning, like the first light of dawn, piercing through the endless darkness.
I remembered, it’s the theory of “one source of body and function”!
It was the second talk just now. Qing Yuanzi’s "nothing-based" no matter what it involves is the "one source theory of body and function"!
His wide-open eyes were like a thousand-year-old dark room, lighting up an orange fire in vain.
One light makes it bright.
When Layman Liuyi saw that the three breaths had come, he sighed in his heart and said, "I..."
Before the tone of his first word was fully uttered, he suddenly paused because the Confucian scholar had already spoken out loud, and the two started arguing again.
Layman Liuyi shook his head slightly.
Zhao Rong had confidence in his heart and held his ground. Although he was still at a disadvantage and extremely passive, his momentum did not drop and gradually climbed up. At a certain moment, when Tao Yuanran once again grasped at his previous loopholes, the corners of his mouth curled up unconsciously.
, Shen Sheng threw out the "body uses one source theory".
Zhao Rongdao: "The most subtle thing is the principle, the most profound thing is the image; body and function come from the same source, microscopic and seamless..."
And when Zhao Rong was just beginning to narrate meticulously, there was some commotion in the audience.
It's okay that you have been losing ground before, and you may still have a chance to make a comeback, but you have just paused for such a long time, and you are obviously unable to support yourself. Even if the Liuyi layman is stricter, he can directly judge you as a loser, and you are still here
quibble.
Everyone is not a novice. They have all been in debates and know what this situation means.
It's useless, it's a futile effort, it's just a desperate struggle.
There was a burst of sarcastic laughter in the audience, as if they realized that the overall situation had been decided. Many audience members were whispering to each other and talking about it. From time to time, they looked at the Lanxi Lin family with pity and regret, or looked at the Lanxi Lin family in the audience with indifference and joking.
Some people who were close friends with the Lanxi Lin family had even begun to leave the meeting secretly, unable to bear to see what would happen to the Lanxi Lin family after the debate between Confucianism and Taoism ended.
And there are some among these people who are secretly glad that when Chongxuguan clashed with the Lin family of Lanxi before, they did not stand in line immediately and hand in their names, but waited and watched until now, otherwise they would probably not be able to get out of Taibai Mountain today.
Already.
As for the audience, those who originally supported Chongxu Guan, had the same interests as Chongxu Guan, and those who were neutral between the two parties, they could not help but look in awe, and eagerly looked at Chongxu Guan and his group in the audience.
They are almost certain to be the winners today.
On the stage, when Zhao Rong reached the seventh sentence of his meticulous argument, Tao Yuanran, who had a calm look in his eyes, suddenly raised his two white eyebrows to the middle. This was the first time he frowned today.
Zhao Rong kept talking: "In terms of self-care, it is the body and used in it, which is called 'one source'; in terms of self-image, it is obvious but not subtle, which is called 'infinite'..."
A philosophical proposition that has never appeared in this world is slowly coming out of the mouth of the young Confucian scholar in front of me. Every word, like building blocks, is building a magnificent castle. Although it has not yet been completed, the momentum is already there.
Majestic.
Layman Liuyi, who was watching the debate between the two, was slightly absent-minded. In his opinion, the last debate in front of him had reached its final stage. As long as Tao Yuanran did not deliberately
The old man with the wine gourd at his waist suddenly stopped thinking because he heard the shaky young Confucian scholar in front of him making a strange statement.
He put down the wine gourd in his hand, and his eyes were gradually attracted to the young Confucian scholar. He moved a few steps forward and listened to every word.
At the same time, somewhere under the stage, the place was already filled with excitement and joy.
Qingjingzi, who was standing at the front of the Taoist priests, was looking at the high platform with a smile on his face, but his mind was no longer on it. Instead, he was thinking about how to bring a gorgeous end to this Confucian-Taoist debate.
Thinking of this, he faced the awed gazes of many in the audience and turned his head impatiently to search for Lin Wenruo, wanting to see the expression of the man who was suffering from the situation of almost losing but not losing.
But when Qing Jingzi turned around, he suddenly caught a glimpse of Qing Yuanzi's expression beside him. Something was suddenly wrong. He couldn't help but follow his gaze and saw that he was still on the stage.
"What's wrong?" Qingjingzi said casually.
Is that yellow-haired boy still making excuses with strong arguments? Haha, that’s right. When he walks out of the sermon platform, he will never have a chance to speak again.
The smile on Qing Yuanzi's face had slowly faded, and his expression had become condensed. He did not immediately answer Qing Yuanzi's question.
When Qing Jingzi saw Qing Yuanzi like this, his heart skipped a beat and he quickly cast his eyes to the stage.
"This kid, what is he talking about? Are you talking nonsense again?"
When the young Confucian scholar on the stage reached the thirteenth sentence with a convincing argument.
Qing Yuanzi, who had listened humbly to many incredible debates in a certain sacred place of knowledge in the world, suddenly took a deep breath and licked his dry lips.
"Ti Yong Yiyuan? This, this seems to be somewhat similar to the "nothing-based" Gui Shu. What on earth is he going to do?"
The next second, he touched the beard with his hand and almost pulled it off. There was a look of disbelief in his eyes, "Is it possible?"
Impossible, impossible! How could there be such a theory? Crazy, crazy!
Qingjingzi's breath suffocated when he saw this. He still didn't understand what the young Confucian scholar was saying. However, at a certain moment, he felt that the surrounding sun seemed to disappear and became dark, as if some kind of terrifying existence was about to arrive.
"What are Ziyu doing?" Chen Muzhi asked blankly on the other side of the venue.
"The body uses the same source, microscopically?" Lin Wenruo, whose eyes were bloodshot, stared at the stage intently. At a certain second, his pupils shrank slightly, and there was a hint of disbelief, "Is it possible that Ziyu is going to do this?
Use this theory to directly unify "inaction" and "everything without doing" into one... directly prove his point of view of "doing nothing but doing everything"?"
When Zhao Rong reached the 21st chapter of his narration in a deep voice, and had meticulously constructed more than half of the building called "The Theory of Body and Function from One Source", the noisy noise in the audience had gradually subsided, and there were people in the crowd from time to time.
He opened his eyes suddenly and slapped his legs.
At this time, more than 70% of the people in the sutra lecture platform already understood what the young Confucian scholar on the platform was going to do. They began to hold their breath and did not dare to make any noise. As for the other people who had not understood yet, even if they were at a loss, they still understood.
I understood something from the expressions of the people around me.
"Words are born from images, images are born from ideas, ideas are expressed through images, images are expressed through words..."
Zhao Rong blurted out what he was thinking, and became more and more excited as he spoke. He leaned forward, with strong aggressive eyes, like a young dragon that had just poked its head out of the black pool. Although it has not been written, it has already eaten cattle.
spirit.
Layman Liuyi had been listening carefully since the beginning, and his eyes gradually brightened. At this time, he suddenly let out a sigh of relief, and subconsciously stretched his right hand to the wine gourd at his waist. He suddenly stopped halfway and retracted his hand angrily.
He stared at Zhao Rong with shocked eyes, whose spirit was completely different from before.
This Confucian scholar actually proposed a theory that he had never heard of, which was about "body" and "function". They refer to the ontology and function.
It is generally believed that "body" is the most fundamental and essential. "Yong" is the external expression and representation of "body".
At the beginning, the argument of the young Confucian scholar was that in "Wu Wei and Wu Wei", "Wu Wei" is the essence and "Wu Wei" is the function. The two are separated and divided into levels, becoming primary and secondary, fundamental and secondary.
Subordinate relationship.
This is also what was misinterpreted and criticized by Tao Yuanran, and it is a fatal flaw.
Nowadays, young Confucian scholars have put forward the theory that "the body is used in the body, and the body is used in the use, which is the source of the body and the use." The theory is self-consistent and well-founded.
The ontology uses the theory of one source to unify the ontology and its phenomena, so "inaction" and "nothing is not done" can also be unified.
There is no subordinate relationship between Wuwei and Wuwei. Wuwei itself is a kind of action.
Then Tao Yuanran could not misinterpret Zhao Rong's argument, focus it on "doing everything", and accuse it of being power-based!
Moreover, the "One Source Theory of Body and Function" also strongly proves Zhao Rong's argument of "doing nothing without doing anything"!
This brand-new theory shocked him far more than the second talk just now. Regardless of the "nothing-based" approach proposed by Qing Yuanzi, he even vaguely discovered that the "body-function-one-origin theory" could better debate the previous one.
The “debate of yes or no”!
At this time, Tao Yuanran, who had been aggressive not long ago, was already overwhelmed. The rosary he was turning in his hand stopped again at some point and was picked up with force.
He began to abandon the loopholes he had been clinging to before, trying to stop entangled with Zhao Rong, and was eager to escape from this whirlpool that was about to turn guest into guest. However, Zhao Rong reversed the host and guest and pursued him relentlessly.
Activeness and passivity, advantages and disadvantages have undergone a shocking twist in an instant.
Slowly, the old man in Nan Hua Jin became more and more frustrated. He was even silenced by Zhao Rong for two breaths before he continued to argue.
Finally, under the spotlight of everyone, Zhao Rong's spiritual energy had reached its peak, as if it would surge out of his eyes and turn into a sword light the next moment!
There was light in his eyes, and his voice was like gold and stone, sonorous and powerful, forming the last cornerstone of the edifice of "the theory of one source of body and function".
"Doing nothing, doing nothing, having no taste"
"This is why we should do nothing without doing anything!"
Suddenly, the old man in Nanhua scarf fell silent.
In fact, he could continue to argue and delay, but it would be meaningless.
Because he knew that he had lost, and he had lost on the "One Source Theory of Body and Function" that shocked him just now. The last theory that made him feel this way was when it appeared at Jixia Academy twenty years ago.
Palace, the Mohist Mo Bian’s remarks.
One breath, two breaths, three breaths.
The outcome is decided!
At this time, the whole place was silent.
Countless eyes fell on the two people on Gaotai.
There were thousands of people in the audience, but it was silent.
The Taoist gentleman suddenly stood up and performed an ancient ritual to the young Confucian scholar in front of him. This is a unique etiquette of Jixia Academy.
The old man in Nanhua scarf said again.
"I'm Tao Yuanran."
The young Confucian scholar stood up and returned the courtesy.
"This is Zhao Ziyu."
PS: This chapter has been re-edited, 5k5, hey, I feel a little tougher when typing. (Thanks to brother "Monster丿" for his opinion, Xiaorong has become stronger again~)