A round of collision experiments at an energy level of 50 Tev revealed some unusual traces of dark matter particles.
But this is far from enough for both Xu Chuan and the theoretical physics community.
The confidence interval shows the true value of the parameter, which is the data that ultimately determines fate. Before the Dalitz diagram is made, no one can be 100% sure that they are right.
However, for Xu Chuan, each additional verification and each additional unusual trace adds a little more hope to verify his theory.
In particular, he is looking forward to collision experiments in high-energy-level regions such as 75, 100, and 125 Tev.
Under high-energy level collision experiments, the mysterious dark matter and dark energy may have more possibilities.
.......
Just two days ago, the CRHPC institute launched a new round of exploration around sterile neutrinos and massive dark matter particles.
On the other side of the Pacific, the United States.
At the Weinberg Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Texas, several professors in the field of astrophysics were gathering in a conference room to have a heated exchange and analyze the observation data mapped on the curtain.
"Aren't we already certain about the research on JADES11, 12, and 13 stars?"
In the conference room, Green Bancroft, a professor of astrophysics at the University of Texas, pushed up his glasses on the bridge of his nose and said with a frown.
"Judging from various data such as mass and star diameter, they are the early stages of three ancient galaxies."
On the screen picture projected in the conference room, a picture with a dark background, many bright spots on it, and three dark red stars in the center was the focus of the discussion at this meeting.
This is part of the observation data collected by the Webb Telescope in 2023.
As early as 2021, two years after the launch of the Webb Telescope, the "Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey" project observed 250 faint galaxies in 28 hours.
Nearly a hundred astronomers from ten different countries have shared this batch of observation and experimental data and have been conducting research.
In their research data, they discovered these three peculiar stars, which were named JADES-GS-z13-0, JADES-GS-z12-0 and JADES-GS-z11-0.
This kind of numbering is very common in the astronomical world. After all, the universe, let alone stars, has structures like the Milky Way that are as numerous as the gravel on the beach.
However, what they found this time was slightly different from other discoveries.
The first is ancient.
According to current observational data, these three discovered stars almost all originated 13.4 billion years ago. They are only four years away from the Big Bang that is currently recognized by the astronomical community as the birth of the universe about 13.8 billion years ago.
About 500 million years.
Although these are not the first stars in the universe, they are very close to the very early stars in the universe.
Compared with the first stars in the very early universe, the second point is the factor that surprised the research team.
That is to say, these three strange stars may have a life span beyond everyone's imagination.
According to the theory of stellar evolution, the formation of early stars in the universe occurred under extreme conditions after the Big Bang. While their masses were huge, their lifespans were also very short.
Most of these stars will end their lives through supernova explosions within a few million to tens of millions of years, ejecting heavy elements to promote the evolution of the universe.
The three stars they discovered may have a lifespan of more than 10 billion years.
This is simply incredible.
You should know that the lifespan of a star is related to its mass. The greater the mass of the celestial body, the shorter its lifespan; the smaller the mass of the star, the longer its lifespan.
The longest-lived stars currently known are red dwarfs, which can live for tens of billions or even hundreds of billions of years.
But the mass of red dwarfs is very low. The largest one is only half the mass of a yellow dwarf star like the sun, and the lowest one is only about one percent of the mass of the sun.
This is the key to its long life.
However, the masses of these three newly discovered stars far exceed those of the sun.
Not to mention the sun, the entire solar system is far from comparable. From the analysis of observation data, its mass reaches an astonishing approximately 200 billion times the mass of the sun.
From all aspects, these three stars cannot be stars, they can only be galaxies or quasars similar to the Milky Way.
However, given that the mass of the largest quasar discovered so far is only about 66 billion times that of the sun, for stars with such huge masses, almost all scholars participating in the meeting assumed that they are galaxies.
Only Professor Amelia Aylwin from Princeton University who participated in this research experiment put forward a different view.
This female professor, who is less than 30 years old and is already a full professor at Princeton and a tenured researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study, believes that this is most likely not a galaxy formed in the early stages of the universe, but a legendary dark star.
That is, three stars made of dark matter.
This outrageous statement was opposed by astronomy professors from two other universities who were also involved in the project at the time.
After all, the idea of stars made of dark matter sounds too outrageous.
Moreover, the masses of these three stars are more than 100 billion times that of the sun.
According to this mass, it cannot be a star and will inevitably collapse into a black hole.
Therefore, when this view was proposed, it was quickly rejected by other researchers.
But Amelia Aylwin did not give up. She has been collecting various observation data for calculations. Until today, she reconvened the discussion and proposed her theory again.
After hearing Professor Green Bancroft's words, Amelia, who had shawl long hair, raised the corners of her mouth and spoke confidently.
"But it doesn't have the spectral profile that a galaxy should have."
This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! As she spoke, she controlled the computer and replaced the picture on the projection screen. What came into view was a spectrum analysis data chart.
With a smile on her lips, Amelia continued: "These days, I have re-analyzed the spectral data of these three stars."
"From the current data, we can clearly see that it has relatively weak absorption lines in the stellar emission spectrum, instead of only having nebular emission lines like before."
"This means that, in theory, it could be a special kind of star!"
How to determine whether the light emitted by distant stars in the sky is the light of a star or a galaxy has always been a difficult problem in the astronomy community.
After all, the universe is so huge. The observable universe is 93 billion light-years wide and is beyond the imagination of most people.
However, the light emitted by galaxies that are too far away is already very weak after reaching the earth. With limited observation technology, the overall appearance may not be much different from a star.
So judging the two has always been a huge problem.
Of course, there are still methods. The simplest method is to obtain high-definition quality observation data to analyze and prepare spectral images.
Generally speaking, the emission spectrum of a star has black lines, which are absorption lines produced by atoms in the outer layer of the star.
In the spectrum of a galaxy, you will see a series of emission lines. This is the emission spectrum produced by the heating of the cold gas masses in the galaxy by the stars.
The beautiful nebulae we usually see are the light emitted after gas clouds are heated.
It was this method that Amelia resorted to.
With her mathematical abilities, coupled with the mathematical physics methods she learned from Xu Chuan, it couldn't be easier to process these data.
In the conference room, Green Bancroft's eyes fell on the spectrum analysis chart on the screen. After looking at it carefully for a while, he retorted.
"Even if it has weak stellar spectral absorption lines, it does not necessarily prove that it is a special star."
"If this galaxy has a special structure, or is in an advanced stage of evolution, and lacks interstellar dust and gas as a whole, then the light from the stars in the galaxy can be mixed with the galaxy light and transmitted."
"In contrast, the possibility that they are stars is almost non-existent."
"Every star is tens of billions of times the mass of the sun or even higher. If it were a star, theoretically it would have collapsed into a black hole."
Facing Professor Bancroft's rebuttal, Amelia nodded with a smile and said, "I don't deny that what you said makes sense, but what if it is a star composed of dark matter?"
"This is impossible!"
Bringing up the old matter again, Professor Greene Bancroft said impatiently: "With the properties of dark matter, it is simply impossible to form stars."
"Dark matter particles without electromagnetic interaction and strong interaction simply cannot fuse and emit heat under the influence of gravity."
"I believe that as a physicist and mathematician, you should know this better than me. If it is really unclear, I suggest that you learn more about dark matter theory before discussing this topic with me."
In addition to physicists, astronomers are probably the other group of people who are most familiar with dark matter.
After all, it can be said that the current observation of dark matter in academia is almost all done through astronomical equipment.
Whether it is the expansion of the universe, gravitational waves, or the most direct gravitational lensing effect, they are the most direct results of astronomy.
Green Bancroft is a top expert in this area. He and other research teams completed the gravitational wave exploration events in the early years.
Just because of the time of joining, he did not win the Nobel Prize, which is also the most regretful thing in his life.
Therefore, Bancroft seemed a little disdainful of Amelia, who was not yet thirty years old, arguing with him on the theory of dark matter.
Even if there is a scholar in the world who knows more about dark matter and the stars in the universe than he does, it is impossible for him to be the young female professor in front of him.
Facing Green Bancroft's arrogance, Amelia didn't care. She smiled slyly and moved her palm on the mouse.
The projection screen behind him jumped, and a paper appeared in front of everyone's eyes.
"Void Field·Dark Matter Theory!"
Looking at the paper, Amelia cleared her throat and said, "What if the theory supporting the existence of dark matter stars was disclosed by Professor Xu Chuan?"
The air in the conference room solidified at this moment.
Even Green Bancroft, who was about to pack up his things and leave this boring meeting, had his hands resting on the report document.
"......What did you say??"
His eyes fell on the screen, and when he saw the title of the paper displayed, Professor Bancroft was stunned.
Amelia: "This paper was written by Professor Xu Chuan. His void field dark matter theory supports and predicts the existence of dark matter stars."
After a slight pause, she looked at the bearded Professor Bancroft with a smile, raised her index finger, and added: "And he is the only author."
Hearing these words, the conference room fell into a deathly silence.
Professor Xu Chuan, who is in academia and is the mentor of the female professor in front of me, has publicly stood up to support the outrageous theory of dark matter stars?
The sole author... This means that this paper was written by Professor Xu himself, and could not be written by his students or others. He has the title of supervisor or corresponding author.
The concepts of the two are completely different.
Given his status in the academic world and his rigor in academic research, if he is the only author, this means that the credibility of this paper will probably set off an extremely violent storm in the physics and astrophysics circles.
But when did this happen?
Damn it, why has he never heard of this?
Taking a deep breath, Professor Bancroft came back to his senses and looked at Amelia, and couldn't help but ask: "When did this happen?"
Amelia smiled and said: "It was just yesterday that he uploaded the paper to the Arxiv preprint website. I have already separated out the fragments in the paper related to the prediction of the existence of dark matter stars."
As she spoke, she controlled the mouse and continued to play the PPT file.
The part about the prediction and calculation of dark matter stars in the void field dark matter theory is presented to everyone.
After a while, the relevant part was played. Amelia looked at Professor Bancroft with a smile and asked.
"What's your opinion now?"
Upon hearing Amelia's inquiry, Green Bancroft fell silent, swallowed the air with a dry mouth, hesitated for a long time and finally spoke.
"Perhaps what you said does make some sense. Regarding dark matter stars, although this sounds very incredible, we may indeed need to reevaluate what these three stars are."
In the conference room, other people looked at Professor Greene Bancroft dumbfounded, full of doubts about life.
Is this still the fiery-tempered Professor Bancroft they knew, who was always stubborn in his opinions, and even dared to exchange arguments with Nobel Prize winners over theoretical issues?
You know, in the theory of dark matter, he is a firm supporter of WIMP weakly interacting particles with mass. When did he become so easily convinced?
In the conference room, Amelia raised her lips with a smile on her face.